不同基因型玉米根系对弱光胁迫的生理响应
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摘要
以不耐荫品种豫玉22(YY22)和较耐荫品种郑单958(ZD958)为材料,采取盆栽方式,研究苗期3片展开叶至6片展开叶期间,中度遮荫(42%透光率)和重度遮荫(27%透光率)对玉米根系活力及抗氧化生理指标的影响。结果表明,根系伤流量随着弱光胁迫程度的增加而减少。根系活力则表现为先增后降,在重度遮荫时,ZD958根系活力未显著变化,YY22则低于对照。随着弱光胁迫程度的增加,ZD958和YY22根细胞内活性氧积累,质膜透性增大,丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性总糖含量显著增加,抗氧化防护酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR)活性升高,抗氧化剂(GSH和ASA)含量增加,AsA/DHA和GSH/GSSG值降低。总体上,YY22根尖的渗透调节物质及质膜透性变化幅度较大,ZD958根尖的抗氧化防护酶活性及抗氧化剂含量的变化幅度较大。
The effect of low light stress on root growth of two maize(Zea mays L.) cultivars, Zhengdan958(ZD958, shade-tolerance) and Yuyu 22(YY22, shade-sensitive), were investigated under 42% photon flux density(PFD) and 27% PFD at seeding stage. The result showed that, with low light stress increased, the root bleeding inten-sities of two maize cultivars both decreased, while the root activity first increased and then decreased. There is a phe-nomenon that when heavily shaded, the root activity of ZD958 was not significantly changed, but that of YY22 waslower than its control. The increasing of low light stress induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen, subsequentlyresulted in the increase of MDA and permeability of cell membrane, as well as the increase of osmoticum due to theincreased contents of proline, soluble protein and soluble carbohydrate. The antioxidative enzymes(SOD、POD、CAT、APX and GR) activities and antioxidants(AsA and GSH) contents increased gradually with the aggravation oflow light stress. But AsA/DHA ratio and GSH/GSSG ratio was gradually decreased. Under low light stress, thechange of osmotic adjustment and plasma membrane permeability of the root tip of YY22 was larger than those of ZD958, while the change of antioxidant protective enzyme activity and antioxidant content in the root tip of ZD958 were larger than those of YY22.
The effect of low light stress on root growth of two maize(Zea mays L.) cultivars, Zhengdan958(ZD958, shade-tolerance) and Yuyu 22(YY22, shade-sensitive), were investigated under 42% photon flux density(PFD) and 27% PFD at seeding stage. The result showed that, with low light stress increased, the root bleeding inten-sities of two maize cultivars both decreased, while the root activity first increased and then decreased. There is a phe-nomenon that when heavily shaded, the root activity of ZD958 was not significantly changed, but that of YY22 waslower than its control. The increasing of low light stress induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen, subsequentlyresulted in the increase of MDA and permeability of cell membrane, as well as the increase of osmoticum due to theincreased contents of proline, soluble protein and soluble carbohydrate. The antioxidative enzymes(SOD、POD、CAT、APX and GR) activities and antioxidants(AsA and GSH) contents increased gradually with the aggravation oflow light stress. But AsA/DHA ratio and GSH/GSSG ratio was gradually decreased. Under low light stress, thechange of osmotic adjustment and plasma membrane permeability of the root tip of YY22 was larger than those of ZD958, while the change of antioxidant protective enzyme activity and antioxidant content in the root tip of ZD958 were larger than those of YY22.
引文
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[16]Ke D,Sun G C,Wang Z X.Effects of superoxide radicals on ACCsynthase activity in chilling-stressed etiolated mungbean seedlings[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2007,51(1):83-91.
[17]Chakrabarty D,Datta S K.Micropropagation of gerbera:lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities during acclimatization process[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2008,30(3):325-331.
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[19]Quintanilla-Guerrero F,Duarte-Vázquez M A,García-Almendarez B E,et al.Polyethylene glycol improves phenol removal by immobilized turnip peroxidase[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(18):8605-8611.
[20]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[21]Nakano Y,Asada K.Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbatespecific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts[J].Plant and Cell Physiology,1981,22(5):867-880.
[22]Hong Z,Zhuoxiao C,Li Z,et al.Glutathione and glutathionelinked enzymes in normal human aortic smooth muscle cells:chemical inducibility and protection against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-induced injury[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,2007,301(1-2):47-59.
[23]李忠光,杜朝昆,龚明.在单一提取系统中同时测定植物ASA/DHA和GSH/GSSG[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(3):67-70.Li Z G,Du C K,Gong M,et al.Simultaneous measurement of ASA/DHA and GSH/GSSG using a single extraction system[J].Journal of Yunan Normal University(natural Sciences Edition),2003,23(3):67-70.(in Chinese)
[24]孙富,杨丽涛,谢晓娜,等.低温胁迫对不同抗寒性甘蔗品种幼苗叶绿体生理代谢的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(4):732-739.Sun F,Yang L T,Xie X N,et al.Effect of chilling stress on physiological metabolism in chloroplasts of seedlings of sugarcane varieties with different chilling resistance[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(4):732-739.(in Chinese)
[25]王征宏,戴凌峰,赵威,等.盐胁迫对玉米根、芽主要渗透调节物质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(6):21-23.Wang Z H,Dai L F,Zhao W,et al.Effects of salt stress on main osmotic adjustment substance in root and shoot of maize[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2013,42(6):21-23.(in Chinese)
[26]Ashraf U,Kanu A S,Mo Z,et al.Lead toxicity in rice:effects,mechanisms,and mitigation strategies-a mini review[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(23):18318-18332.
[27]Gill S S,Tuteja N.Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2010,48(12):909-930.
[28]Shu D,Wang L,Duan M,et al.Antisense-mediated depletion of tomato chloroplast glutathione reductase enhances susceptibility to chilling stress[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2011,49(10):1228-1237.
[29]曲丹阳,顾万荣,张立国,等.壳聚糖对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性和内源激素水平的影响[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(4):719-727.Qu D Y,Gu W R,Zhang L G,et al.Effects of exogenous chitosan on antioxidant enzyme activities and endogenous hormones in maize seedling roots under cadmium stress[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2017,37(4):719-727.(in Chinese)
[30]Billah M,Rohman M M,Hossain N,et al.Exogenous ascorbic acid improved tolerance in maize(Zea mays L.)by increasing antioxidant activity under salinity stress[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2017,12(17):1437-1446.
[31]Dai A,Nie Y,Yu B,et al.Cinnamic acid pretreatment enhances heat tolerance of cucumber leaves through modulating antioxidant enzyme activity[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2012,79:1-10.
[2]Tu W,Li Y,Zhang Y,et al.Diminished photoinhibition is involved in high photosynthetic capacities in spring ephemeral Berteroa incana under strong light conditions[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2012,169(15):1463-1470.
[3]Fu W,Li P,Wu Y.Effects of different light intensities on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield in lettuce[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2012,135(135):45-51.
[4]Berenschot A S,Quecini V.A reverse genetics approach identifies novel mutants in light responses and anthocyanin metabolism in petunia[J].Physiology&Molecular Biology of Plants,2014,20(1):1-13.
[5]Gao J,Shi J,Dong S,et al.Grain yield and root characteristics of summer maize(Zea mays L.)under shade stress conditions[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,2017(1):1-12.
[6]李潮海,赵霞,刘天学,等.麦茬处理方式对机播夏玉米的生态生理效应[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(1):162-166.Li C H,Zhao X,Liu T X,et al.Effects of different treatments of winter wheat residues on eco-physiological responses of mechanized sowing summer maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(1):162-166.(in Chinese)
[7]Dong C,Fu Y,Liu G,et al.Low light intensity effects on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidant capacity,yield and quality of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)at different growth stages in BLSS[J].Advances in Space Research,2014,53(11):1557-1566.
[8]Zhu H,Li X,Zhai W,et al.Effects of low light on photosynthetic properties,antioxidant enzyme activity,and anthocyanin accumulation in purple pak-choi(Brassica campestris ssp.Chinensis Makino)[J].PLOS One,2017,12(6):e179305.
[9]李潮海,栾丽敏,王群,等.苗期遮光及光照转换对不同玉米杂交种光合效率的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(3):381-385.Li C H,Luan L M,Wang Q,et al.Effect of seeding shading and light intensity transfer on photosynthetic efficiency of different maize(Zea may L.)hybrids[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2005,31(3):381-385.(in Chinese)
[10]杜成凤,刘天学,蒋寒涛,等.弱光胁迫及光恢复对玉米幼苗活性氧代谢的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(3):570-575.Du C F,Liu T X,Jiang H T,et al.Effects of low light stress and light recovery on reactive oxygen metabolism of maize seedlings[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2011,25(3):570-575.(in Chinese)
[11]周卫霞,李潮海,刘天学,等.弱光胁迫对不同耐荫型玉米果穗发育及内源激素含量的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(14):4315-4323.Zhou W X,Li C H,Liu T X,et al.Effects of low-light stress on maize ear development and endogenous hormones content of two maize hybrids(Zea mays L.)with different shade-tolerance[J].Acta Ecologica Siniea,2013,33(14):4315-4323.(in Chinese)
[12]高佳,史建国,董树亭,等.花粒期光照强度对夏玉米根系生长和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2104-2113.Gao J,Shi J G,Dong S T,et al.Effect of different light intensities on root characteristics and grain yield of summer maize(zea mays L.)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2104-2113.(in Chinese)
[13]Bian D,Jia G,Cai L,et al.Effects of tillage practices on root characteristics and root lodging resistance of maize[J].Field Crops Research,2016,185:89-96.
[14]Xia H,Zhao J,Sun J,et al.Dynamics of root length and distribution and shoot biomass of maize as affected by intercropping with different companion crops and phosphorus application rates[J].Field Crops Research,2013,150(15):52-62.
[15]付景,李潮海,赵久然,等.玉米品种耐阴性指标的筛选与评价[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(11):2705-2709.Fu J,Li C H,Zhao J R,et al.Shade-tolerance indices of maize:Selection and evaluation[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(11):2705-2709.(in Chinese)
[16]Ke D,Sun G C,Wang Z X.Effects of superoxide radicals on ACCsynthase activity in chilling-stressed etiolated mungbean seedlings[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2007,51(1):83-91.
[17]Chakrabarty D,Datta S K.Micropropagation of gerbera:lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities during acclimatization process[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2008,30(3):325-331.
[18]Zhou W,Zhao D,Lin X.Effects of waterlogging on nitrogen accumulation and alleviation of waterlogging damage by application of nitrogen fertilizer and mixtalol in winter rape(Brassica napus L.)[J].Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,1997,16(1):47-53.
[19]Quintanilla-Guerrero F,Duarte-Vázquez M A,García-Almendarez B E,et al.Polyethylene glycol improves phenol removal by immobilized turnip peroxidase[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(18):8605-8611.
[20]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[21]Nakano Y,Asada K.Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbatespecific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts[J].Plant and Cell Physiology,1981,22(5):867-880.
[22]Hong Z,Zhuoxiao C,Li Z,et al.Glutathione and glutathionelinked enzymes in normal human aortic smooth muscle cells:chemical inducibility and protection against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-induced injury[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,2007,301(1-2):47-59.
[23]李忠光,杜朝昆,龚明.在单一提取系统中同时测定植物ASA/DHA和GSH/GSSG[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(3):67-70.Li Z G,Du C K,Gong M,et al.Simultaneous measurement of ASA/DHA and GSH/GSSG using a single extraction system[J].Journal of Yunan Normal University(natural Sciences Edition),2003,23(3):67-70.(in Chinese)
[24]孙富,杨丽涛,谢晓娜,等.低温胁迫对不同抗寒性甘蔗品种幼苗叶绿体生理代谢的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(4):732-739.Sun F,Yang L T,Xie X N,et al.Effect of chilling stress on physiological metabolism in chloroplasts of seedlings of sugarcane varieties with different chilling resistance[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(4):732-739.(in Chinese)
[25]王征宏,戴凌峰,赵威,等.盐胁迫对玉米根、芽主要渗透调节物质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(6):21-23.Wang Z H,Dai L F,Zhao W,et al.Effects of salt stress on main osmotic adjustment substance in root and shoot of maize[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2013,42(6):21-23.(in Chinese)
[26]Ashraf U,Kanu A S,Mo Z,et al.Lead toxicity in rice:effects,mechanisms,and mitigation strategies-a mini review[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(23):18318-18332.
[27]Gill S S,Tuteja N.Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2010,48(12):909-930.
[28]Shu D,Wang L,Duan M,et al.Antisense-mediated depletion of tomato chloroplast glutathione reductase enhances susceptibility to chilling stress[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2011,49(10):1228-1237.
[29]曲丹阳,顾万荣,张立国,等.壳聚糖对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性和内源激素水平的影响[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(4):719-727.Qu D Y,Gu W R,Zhang L G,et al.Effects of exogenous chitosan on antioxidant enzyme activities and endogenous hormones in maize seedling roots under cadmium stress[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2017,37(4):719-727.(in Chinese)
[30]Billah M,Rohman M M,Hossain N,et al.Exogenous ascorbic acid improved tolerance in maize(Zea mays L.)by increasing antioxidant activity under salinity stress[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2017,12(17):1437-1446.
[31]Dai A,Nie Y,Yu B,et al.Cinnamic acid pretreatment enhances heat tolerance of cucumber leaves through modulating antioxidant enzyme activity[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2012,79:1-10.