再论“压吸充注”油气成藏模式
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摘要
通过对砂岩储集层内矿物蚀变化学反应平衡量的核定,确定砂岩主要耗水作用,在此基础上,分析主耗水作用发生条件及其与生油窗的对应性,研究耗水反应的油气地质意义。砂岩埋藏过程中,长石高岭石化耗水作用在各类矿物转化总耗水效应中占主导地位,与含油气盆地烃源岩生油窗对应,烃源岩生烃排出的含烃酸性流体促使长石向高岭石转化。耗水对油气成藏的作用必须在封存箱内进行,封存箱内砂体的成岩耗水反应使其内部压力降低、储集空间增大,同时烃源岩生烃增压,源储间形成巨大的压力差,油气因"压-吸"作用充注砂体而成藏。长石高岭石化耗水作用在砂体成岩过程中的普遍性决定了"压吸充注"油气成藏方式的重要性。建立在济阳坳陷深部封存箱内砂体成藏机制基础上的"压吸充注"油气成藏模式可用于解释全球范围内同类油藏的成因,从而指导该类油藏勘探。
The dominant water consumption reaction in sandstones was figured out by determining variables in the mineral alteration in sandstone reservoirs,on this basis,the conditions of major water consumption reaction and its correspondence with oil-generating window were analyzed to reveal the petroleum geological significance of water consumption reaction.The kaolinitization of feldspar plays a dominant role in the water consumption reaction during diagenetic stage,which corresponds to the hydrocarbon-generating window,and the acid hydrocarbon-bearing fluid produced by source rocks facilitates the kaolinitization reaction.Water consumption causes the pressure drop and porosity increase in the reservoir formation in the compartment sandstone,at the same time,huge pressure difference between source rocks and reservoirs comes about because strong pressure built up in the source rocks owing to hydrocarbon generation,and the oil and gas are pushed and sucked into the reservoir sands.The universality of the kaolinitization water consumption suggests this "push-suck" mode is very important for reservoir formation.This mode of the Jiyang depression can be used to explain the origin of similar reservoirs across the world,and guide exploration for oil and gas.
The dominant water consumption reaction in sandstones was figured out by determining variables in the mineral alteration in sandstone reservoirs,on this basis,the conditions of major water consumption reaction and its correspondence with oil-generating window were analyzed to reveal the petroleum geological significance of water consumption reaction.The kaolinitization of feldspar plays a dominant role in the water consumption reaction during diagenetic stage,which corresponds to the hydrocarbon-generating window,and the acid hydrocarbon-bearing fluid produced by source rocks facilitates the kaolinitization reaction.Water consumption causes the pressure drop and porosity increase in the reservoir formation in the compartment sandstone,at the same time,huge pressure difference between source rocks and reservoirs comes about because strong pressure built up in the source rocks owing to hydrocarbon generation,and the oil and gas are pushed and sucked into the reservoir sands.The universality of the kaolinitization water consumption suggests this "push-suck" mode is very important for reservoir formation.This mode of the Jiyang depression can be used to explain the origin of similar reservoirs across the world,and guide exploration for oil and gas.
引文
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[13]代金友,李建霆,王宝刚,等.苏里格气田西区气水分布规律及其形成机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(5):524-529.Dai Jinyou,Li Jianting,Wang Baogang,et al.Distribution regularity and formation mechanism of gas and water in the western area of Sulige gas field,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(5):524-529.
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[16]王屿涛,曹菁,李保民,等.深盆气的成因成藏机理及勘探前景[J].断块油气田,2002,9(5):9-12.Wang Yutao,Cao Jing,Li Baomin,et al.The origin,reservoir formation mechanism and exploration prospect of deep-basin gas[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2002,9(5):9-12.
[17]金之钧,张金川,王志欣.深盆气成藏关键地质问题[J].地质论评,2003,49(4):11-14.Jin Zhijun,Zhang Jinchuan,Wang Zhixin.Some remarks on deep basin gas accumulation[J].Geological Review,2003,49(4):11-14.
[18]李国玉,金之钧.世界含油气盆地图集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.Li Guoyu,Jin Zhijun.World atlas of oil and gas basins[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005.
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[20]刘孟慧,赵澄林.碎屑岩储集层成岩演化模式[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1993.Liu Menghui,Zhao Chenglin.Diagenetic evolution mode of clastic rock[M].Dongying:The Petroleum University Press,1993.
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[22]赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:122-124.Zhao Chenglin,Zhu Xiaomin.Sedimentary rocks[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001:122-124.
[23]蔡希源.湖相烃源岩生排烃机制及生排烃效率差异性:以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(3):329-345.Cai Xiyuan.Hydrocarbon generation-expulsion mechanisms and efficiencies of lacustrine source rocks:A case study from the Dongying sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(3):329-345.
[24]张守鹏,张林晔,王伟庆,等.含油气盆地地层水演化过程中含烃酸性流体的浸入效应:以东营凹陷胜坨油田为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(4):10-12.Zhang Shoupeng,Zhang Linye,Wang Weiqing,et al.Immersion effect of hydrocarbon-acidic fluid with evolution of formation water in oil-gas bearing basin:Case study of Shengtuo oilfield,Dongying depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(4):10-12.
[25]银燕.东营凹陷地层水水化学纵向分带性与成岩耗水系统划分[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(3):32-35.Yin Yan.Hydrochemical vertical zoning of formation water and petrogenic water consumption in Dongying sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(3):32-35.
[2]张善文.东营凹陷古近系砂岩储集层成岩耗水评价[J].现代地质,2009,23(4):719-723.Zhang Shanwen.Water consumption appraisal of sandstone reservoir of Paleogene in the Dongying Sag[J].Geoscience,2009,23(4):719-723.
[3]朱蓉,楼章华,金爱民,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界深盆气藏流体动力学特征及成藏过程分析[J].地质科学,2003,38(1):31-43.Zhu Rong,Lou Zhanghua,Jin Aimin,et al.Analysis on fluid dynamics process of deep basin gas in upper Paleozonic of the Ordos basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2003,38(1):31-43.
[4]王峰,田景春,李凤杰,等.苏里格地区上古生界盒8储集层成岩作用[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2009,45(4):18-29.Wang Feng,Tian Jingchun,Li Fengjie,et al.Diagenesis of reservoirs in the Upper Paleozoic Member 8 formation in the Sulige area[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,2009,45(4):18-29.
[5]Putnam P E,Ward G S.The relation between stratigraphic elements,pressure regime,and hydrocarbons in the Alberta deep basin(with emphasis on select Mesozoic units)[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(4):691-714.
[6]Anfort S J,Bachu S,Bentley L R.Regional-scale hydrogeology of the Upper Devonian–Lower Cretaceous sedimentary succession,south-central Alberta basin,Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(4):637-660.
[7]Tobin R C,McClain T,Lieber R B,et al.Reservoir quality modeling of tight-gas sands in Wamsutter field:Integration of diagenesis,petroleum systems,and production data[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1229-1266.
[8]Higgs K E,Zwingmann H,Reyes A G,et al.Diagenesis,porosity evolution,and petroleum emplacement in tight gas reservoir,Taranaki basin,New Zealand[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007(77):1003-1025.
[9]McCullagh T,Hart B.Stratigraphic controls on production from a basin-centered gas system:Lower Cretaceous Cadotte Member,Deep Basin,Alberta,Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(3):293-315.
[10]Law B E.Basin-centered gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1891-1919.
[11]张善文,张林晔,包友书,等.东营凹陷地层流体特征与油气成藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):394-405.Zhang Shanwen,Zhang Linye,Bao Youshu,et al.Formation fluid characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Dongying Sag,Shengli Oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):394-405.
[12]周新科,许化政,李丽丽.地层水相态变化与深盆气形成机理:以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):452-457.Zhou Xinke,Xu Huazheng,Li Lili.Phase change of formation water and the formation of deep basin gas:A case from the Upper Paleozoic,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):452-457.
[13]代金友,李建霆,王宝刚,等.苏里格气田西区气水分布规律及其形成机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(5):524-529.Dai Jinyou,Li Jianting,Wang Baogang,et al.Distribution regularity and formation mechanism of gas and water in the western area of Sulige gas field,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(5):524-529.
[14]王涛.中国深盆气田[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.Wang Tao.Deep basin gas fields in China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002.
[15]周兴熙.封存箱与油气成藏作用[J].地学前缘:中国地质大学,北京,2004,11(4):609-616.Zhou Xingxi.Compartment and oil-gas pool forming process[J].Earth Science Frontiers:China University of Geosciences,Beijing,2004,11(4):609-616.
[16]王屿涛,曹菁,李保民,等.深盆气的成因成藏机理及勘探前景[J].断块油气田,2002,9(5):9-12.Wang Yutao,Cao Jing,Li Baomin,et al.The origin,reservoir formation mechanism and exploration prospect of deep-basin gas[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2002,9(5):9-12.
[17]金之钧,张金川,王志欣.深盆气成藏关键地质问题[J].地质论评,2003,49(4):11-14.Jin Zhijun,Zhang Jinchuan,Wang Zhixin.Some remarks on deep basin gas accumulation[J].Geological Review,2003,49(4):11-14.
[18]李国玉,金之钧.世界含油气盆地图集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.Li Guoyu,Jin Zhijun.World atlas of oil and gas basins[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005.
[19]Paxton S T,Szobo J O,Ajdukiwicz J M,et al.Construction of intergranular volume compaction curve for evaluating and predicting compaction and porosity loss in rigid-grain sandstone reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(12):2047-2067.
[20]刘孟慧,赵澄林.碎屑岩储集层成岩演化模式[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1993.Liu Menghui,Zhao Chenglin.Diagenetic evolution mode of clastic rock[M].Dongying:The Petroleum University Press,1993.
[21]Bjrlykke K.Formation of secondary porosity:how important is it[C]//Surdam R C,McDonald D A.AAPG Memoir 37:Clastic diagenesis.Tulsa:AAPG,1984:277-286.
[22]赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:122-124.Zhao Chenglin,Zhu Xiaomin.Sedimentary rocks[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001:122-124.
[23]蔡希源.湖相烃源岩生排烃机制及生排烃效率差异性:以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(3):329-345.Cai Xiyuan.Hydrocarbon generation-expulsion mechanisms and efficiencies of lacustrine source rocks:A case study from the Dongying sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(3):329-345.
[24]张守鹏,张林晔,王伟庆,等.含油气盆地地层水演化过程中含烃酸性流体的浸入效应:以东营凹陷胜坨油田为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(4):10-12.Zhang Shoupeng,Zhang Linye,Wang Weiqing,et al.Immersion effect of hydrocarbon-acidic fluid with evolution of formation water in oil-gas bearing basin:Case study of Shengtuo oilfield,Dongying depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(4):10-12.
[25]银燕.东营凹陷地层水水化学纵向分带性与成岩耗水系统划分[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(3):32-35.Yin Yan.Hydrochemical vertical zoning of formation water and petrogenic water consumption in Dongying sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(3):32-35.