基于RUSLE模型的喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀动态变化研究——以盘州市为例
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摘要
对区域土壤侵蚀进行定量评价,为土壤侵蚀治理工作和土地利用决策提供科学依据.基于GIS及修正RUSLE模型,以日降雨量12 mm和30 mm为侵蚀性降水起算值,基于DEM数据,利用2000~2015年贵州省盘州市的NDVI、日降雨量、土壤和土地利用数据,计算土壤侵蚀模数.结果表明:传统算法在喀斯特广泛发育区域高估了土壤侵蚀量,改进后的降雨侵蚀力更符合当地实际情况;盘州市2000年的平均土壤侵蚀模数修正为67.97 t ha-1yr-1,2015年为23.33 t ha-1yr-1;土壤侵蚀强度等级转移矩阵表明大部分地区的土壤侵蚀强度向低一级转移,全市的土壤侵蚀等级呈下降趋势.对土壤侵蚀与坡度分析时,各侵蚀等级主要集中在较缓坡与陡坡间;且2015年各侵蚀等级在陡坡时迅速下降,这与推进≥25°坡耕地全部退耕还林政策相关;但坡陡谷深地带及城镇建设区周边区域仍是今后水土保持的工作重点.
To evaluate the soil erosion in Panzhou City,and to provide scientific basis for soil erosion control and land use decision. Based on GIS and modified RUSLE model,the daily rainfall of 12 mm and 30 mm for the erosive precipitation from the value of the use of 2000 to 2015,Panzhou City,NDVI,DEM,daily rainfall,soil and land use data to calculate the soil Erosion modulus. In the karst area,the traditional method will overestimate the total amount of soil erosion,so the improved rainfall erosivity is more in line with the local situation. The average erosion modulus in 2000 is 67. 97 t ha-1 yr-1 and 23. 33 in 2015 t ha-1 yr-1; soil erosion intensity grade transfer matrix shows that most of the soil erosion intensity to a lower level of transfer,the city's soil erosion grade showed a downward trend. In the analysis of soil erosion and slope,the erosion grade is mainly concentrated in the gentle slope and the steep slope; and in 2015 the erosion rate in the steep slope of the rapid decline,which in recent years to promote ≥25° slope of all the policy of returning farmland to forest; But the slope steep valley deep area and the surrounding area of urban construction area is still the focus of future soil and water conservation.
To evaluate the soil erosion in Panzhou City,and to provide scientific basis for soil erosion control and land use decision. Based on GIS and modified RUSLE model,the daily rainfall of 12 mm and 30 mm for the erosive precipitation from the value of the use of 2000 to 2015,Panzhou City,NDVI,DEM,daily rainfall,soil and land use data to calculate the soil Erosion modulus. In the karst area,the traditional method will overestimate the total amount of soil erosion,so the improved rainfall erosivity is more in line with the local situation. The average erosion modulus in 2000 is 67. 97 t ha-1 yr-1 and 23. 33 in 2015 t ha-1 yr-1; soil erosion intensity grade transfer matrix shows that most of the soil erosion intensity to a lower level of transfer,the city's soil erosion grade showed a downward trend. In the analysis of soil erosion and slope,the erosion grade is mainly concentrated in the gentle slope and the steep slope; and in 2015 the erosion rate in the steep slope of the rapid decline,which in recent years to promote ≥25° slope of all the policy of returning farmland to forest; But the slope steep valley deep area and the surrounding area of urban construction area is still the focus of future soil and water conservation.
引文
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[3]谢云,刘宝元,章文波.侵蚀性降雨标准研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(4):6-11.
[4]魏兴萍,谢世友,张志伟,等.重庆南平镇岩溶槽谷区不同土地利用类型地表水土流失[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(06):42-46.
[5]彭旭东,戴全厚,李昌兰,等.模拟雨强和地下裂隙对喀斯特地区坡耕地养分流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):131-140.
[6]黄启芬.贵州喀斯特山区土地利用格局变化及土壤侵蚀效应——以大方县为例[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,33(2):18-23.
[7]Renard K G,Foster R,Weesies G A,et al.Predicting rainfall erosion by water:a guide to conservation planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[M].Washington,USA:Department of Agricuture,1997,703:1-367.
[8]Wischmeier W H,Mannering J V.Relation of soil properties to its erodibility[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(1):131-137.
[9]Richardson C W,Foster G R,Wright D A.Estimation of erosion index from daily rainfall amount[J].Transactions American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1983,26(1):153-156.
[10]胡续礼,潘剑君,杨树江,等.几种降雨侵蚀力模型的比较研究[J].水土保保持持通报,2006,26(1):68-70.
[11]Sharply A N,Williams J R.EPIC-Erosion/Produciviy Impact Calculator.1.Model Documentation[M].Washington D C:USDA Technical Bullletin,1990:3-9.
[12]Liu B Y,Nearing M A,Risse L M.Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1994,37(6):1835-1840.
[13]Mccool D K,Foster G R,Mutchler C K,et al.Revised slope length factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[14]WISCHMEIER W H,SMITH D D.Prediction rainfall ersion losses:A guide to conservation planning science[M].Washington D C:Depatrtment of Agriculture,1978:537.
[15]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[16]谭炳香,李增元,王彦辉,等.基于遥感数据的流域土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(2):215-220.
[17]许月卿,邵晓梅.基于GIS和RUSLE的土壤侵蚀量计算:以贵州省猫跳河流域为例[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(4):67-71.
[2]熊康宁,胡顺光.贵州喀斯特地区水土流失研究进展[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,29(4):106-110.
[3]谢云,刘宝元,章文波.侵蚀性降雨标准研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(4):6-11.
[4]魏兴萍,谢世友,张志伟,等.重庆南平镇岩溶槽谷区不同土地利用类型地表水土流失[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(06):42-46.
[5]彭旭东,戴全厚,李昌兰,等.模拟雨强和地下裂隙对喀斯特地区坡耕地养分流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):131-140.
[6]黄启芬.贵州喀斯特山区土地利用格局变化及土壤侵蚀效应——以大方县为例[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,33(2):18-23.
[7]Renard K G,Foster R,Weesies G A,et al.Predicting rainfall erosion by water:a guide to conservation planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[M].Washington,USA:Department of Agricuture,1997,703:1-367.
[8]Wischmeier W H,Mannering J V.Relation of soil properties to its erodibility[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(1):131-137.
[9]Richardson C W,Foster G R,Wright D A.Estimation of erosion index from daily rainfall amount[J].Transactions American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1983,26(1):153-156.
[10]胡续礼,潘剑君,杨树江,等.几种降雨侵蚀力模型的比较研究[J].水土保保持持通报,2006,26(1):68-70.
[11]Sharply A N,Williams J R.EPIC-Erosion/Produciviy Impact Calculator.1.Model Documentation[M].Washington D C:USDA Technical Bullletin,1990:3-9.
[12]Liu B Y,Nearing M A,Risse L M.Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1994,37(6):1835-1840.
[13]Mccool D K,Foster G R,Mutchler C K,et al.Revised slope length factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[14]WISCHMEIER W H,SMITH D D.Prediction rainfall ersion losses:A guide to conservation planning science[M].Washington D C:Depatrtment of Agriculture,1978:537.
[15]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[16]谭炳香,李增元,王彦辉,等.基于遥感数据的流域土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(2):215-220.
[17]许月卿,邵晓梅.基于GIS和RUSLE的土壤侵蚀量计算:以贵州省猫跳河流域为例[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(4):67-71.
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