基于RUSLE模型的印江流域土壤侵蚀动态变化研究
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摘要
以数字高程模型(DEM)、日降雨量、土地利用数据、遥感影像为基础数据,运用GIS与RS技术,结合修正后的RUSLE模型;研究印江流域1995—2015年的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征。结果表明:研究区在1995年到2000年这个时期土壤侵蚀比较严重;而2000到2015年土壤侵蚀情况得到明显改善,此期间大部分区域以及岩溶槽谷区的土壤侵蚀强度向低一级转移,其中剧烈和极强等级侵蚀向中度等级、轻度和微度等级侵蚀转出较多。较高的侵蚀等级主要以带状分布,延展方向与河流的流向及槽谷地形走向大致相同。研究期间非喀斯特区域的土壤侵蚀危险等级要高于喀斯特区域,同时侵蚀状况改善也是最为明显的地方。喀斯特地区相对于非喀斯特区域来说,改善效果较弱,因此也是今后长期水土保持工作的重点区域。
The spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of soil erosion in the Yinjiang River Basin from 1995 to 2015 was studied by GIS and RS technology,combined with the revised RUSLE model. In the study,the basis data was adopted such as digital elevation model( DEM),daily rainfall,land use data,and remote sensing image. The results show that the soil erosion in the study area was relatively serious during the period from 1995 to 2000. The soil erosion situation was significantly improved from 2000 to 2015,when the soil erosion intensity in most areas and karst trough areas shifted to a lower level. Among them,the violent and extremely strong grade erosion turned to be more moderate to moderate,mild and slightly graded erosion. The higher erosion level is mainly distributed in a strip shape,and the extension direction is roughly the same as the flow direction of the river and the terrain of the trough. During the study period,the soil erosion risk level in the non-karst area was higher than that in the karst area,and the improvement of erosion status was also the most obvious. Compared with non-karst areas,the karst area has a weaker improvement effect and is therefore a key area for long-term soil and water conservation work.
The spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of soil erosion in the Yinjiang River Basin from 1995 to 2015 was studied by GIS and RS technology,combined with the revised RUSLE model. In the study,the basis data was adopted such as digital elevation model( DEM),daily rainfall,land use data,and remote sensing image. The results show that the soil erosion in the study area was relatively serious during the period from 1995 to 2000. The soil erosion situation was significantly improved from 2000 to 2015,when the soil erosion intensity in most areas and karst trough areas shifted to a lower level. Among them,the violent and extremely strong grade erosion turned to be more moderate to moderate,mild and slightly graded erosion. The higher erosion level is mainly distributed in a strip shape,and the extension direction is roughly the same as the flow direction of the river and the terrain of the trough. During the study period,the soil erosion risk level in the non-karst area was higher than that in the karst area,and the improvement of erosion status was also the most obvious. Compared with non-karst areas,the karst area has a weaker improvement effect and is therefore a key area for long-term soil and water conservation work.
引文
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[13]黄俊,李晓东,杨周,等.土地利用变化对贵州印江喀斯特小流域水体DIC含量及δ~(13)C_(DIC)的影响[J].地球与环境,2017,45(01):84-90.
[14]刘朋辉,魏迎奇,杨昭冬,等.贵州印江岩口滑坡过程的数值模拟分析[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2007,5(2):115-120.
[15]RENARD K G,FOSTER R,WEESIES G,et al.Predicting soil Erosion by Water:A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[M].Washington DC:USDA Agricultural Handbook,1997,703:1-367.
[16]WISCHMEIER W H,MANNERING J V.Relation of soil properties to its erodibility1[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(1):131.
[17]中华人民共和国水利部.SL190-2007土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[18]RICHARDSON C W,FOSTER G R,WRIGHT D A.Estimation of erosion index from daily rainfall amount[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1983,26(1):0153-0156.
[19]胡续礼,潘剑君,杨树江,等.几种降雨侵蚀力模型的比较研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(1):68-70.
[20]SHARPLY A N,WILLIAMS J R.EPIC-Erosion/Produciviy Impact Calculator.1.Model Documentation[M].Washington D C:USDA Technical Bullletin,1990:3-9.
[21]LIU B Y,NEARING M A,RISSE L M.Slopegradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1994,37(6):1835-1840.
[22]MCCOOL D K,FOSTER G R,MUTCHLER C K,et al.Revisedslope length factor for the universal soil loss equation[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[23]WISCHMEIER W H,SMITH D D.Prediction Rainfall Ersion Losses:A Guide To Conservation Planning Science[M].Washington D C:Depatrtment of Agriculture,1978:537.
[24]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[25]谭炳香,李增元,王彦辉,等.基于遥感数据的流域土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(2):215-220.
[26]许月卿,邵晓梅.基于GIS和RUSLE的土壤侵蚀量计算:以贵州省猫跳河流域为例[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(4):67-71.
[27]怡凯,王诗阳,王雪,等.基于RUSLE模型的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征分析:以辽宁省朝阳市为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(3):365-372.
[28]陈思旭,杨小唤,肖林林,等.基于RUSLE模型的南方丘陵山区土壤侵蚀研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(6):1288-1297.
[30]杨冉冉,徐涵秋,林娜,等.基于RUSLE的福建省长汀县河田盆地区土壤侵蚀定量研究[J].生态学报,2013,33(10):2974-2982.
[2]罗娅,杨胜天,刘晓燕,等.黄河河口镇-潼关区间1998-2010年土地利用变化特征[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):42-53.
[3]谢颖颖,邵争,兰小机,等.喀斯特山区土地利用变化与土壤侵蚀耦合关系研究:以毕节试验区为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):1-5.
[4]HIGGITT D.Soil erosion and soil problems[J].Progress in Physical Geography:Earth and Environment,1993,17(4):461-472.
[5]怡凯,王诗阳,王雪,等.基于RUSLE模型的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征分析:以辽宁省朝阳市为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(3):365-372.
[6]LI Y,BAI X Y,ZHOU Y C,et al.Spatial-Temporal evolution of soil erosion in a typical mountainous karst basin in SW China,based on GIS and RUSLE[J].Arab J Sci Eng,2016,41(1):209-221.
[7]许月卿,冯艳,周东,等.贵州省猫跳河流域土壤侵蚀动态变化分析[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):186-190.
[8]魏兴萍,谢世友,张志伟,等.重庆南平镇岩溶槽谷区不同土地利用类型地表水土流失[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(06):42-46.
[9]彭旭东,戴全厚,李昌兰,等.模拟雨强和地下裂隙对喀斯特地区坡耕地养分流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):131-140.
[10]王世杰,李阳兵.喀斯特石漠化研究存在的问题与发展趋势[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(6):573-582.
[11]WALLBRINK P J,RODDY B P,OLLEY J M.A tracer budget quantifying soil redistribution on hillslopes after forest harvesting[J].CATENA,2002,47(3):179-201.
[12]韩元元,吴昊.改进的新安江模型在贵州印江河流域的适用性及对比分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(3):110-114.
[13]黄俊,李晓东,杨周,等.土地利用变化对贵州印江喀斯特小流域水体DIC含量及δ~(13)C_(DIC)的影响[J].地球与环境,2017,45(01):84-90.
[14]刘朋辉,魏迎奇,杨昭冬,等.贵州印江岩口滑坡过程的数值模拟分析[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2007,5(2):115-120.
[15]RENARD K G,FOSTER R,WEESIES G,et al.Predicting soil Erosion by Water:A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[M].Washington DC:USDA Agricultural Handbook,1997,703:1-367.
[16]WISCHMEIER W H,MANNERING J V.Relation of soil properties to its erodibility1[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(1):131.
[17]中华人民共和国水利部.SL190-2007土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[18]RICHARDSON C W,FOSTER G R,WRIGHT D A.Estimation of erosion index from daily rainfall amount[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1983,26(1):0153-0156.
[19]胡续礼,潘剑君,杨树江,等.几种降雨侵蚀力模型的比较研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(1):68-70.
[20]SHARPLY A N,WILLIAMS J R.EPIC-Erosion/Produciviy Impact Calculator.1.Model Documentation[M].Washington D C:USDA Technical Bullletin,1990:3-9.
[21]LIU B Y,NEARING M A,RISSE L M.Slopegradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1994,37(6):1835-1840.
[22]MCCOOL D K,FOSTER G R,MUTCHLER C K,et al.Revisedslope length factor for the universal soil loss equation[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[23]WISCHMEIER W H,SMITH D D.Prediction Rainfall Ersion Losses:A Guide To Conservation Planning Science[M].Washington D C:Depatrtment of Agriculture,1978:537.
[24]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[25]谭炳香,李增元,王彦辉,等.基于遥感数据的流域土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(2):215-220.
[26]许月卿,邵晓梅.基于GIS和RUSLE的土壤侵蚀量计算:以贵州省猫跳河流域为例[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(4):67-71.
[27]怡凯,王诗阳,王雪,等.基于RUSLE模型的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征分析:以辽宁省朝阳市为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(3):365-372.
[28]陈思旭,杨小唤,肖林林,等.基于RUSLE模型的南方丘陵山区土壤侵蚀研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(6):1288-1297.
[30]杨冉冉,徐涵秋,林娜,等.基于RUSLE的福建省长汀县河田盆地区土壤侵蚀定量研究[J].生态学报,2013,33(10):2974-2982.
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