张瑞敏的水式管理哲学及其理论体系
|
摘要
本文在对管理研究进行元理论省视的基础上,借鉴道家管理哲学智慧,系统分析张瑞敏在海尔的管理创新实践,与西方管理理论和哲学思维对话,建构了张瑞敏的水式管理哲学及其理论体系。该理论是由本体论、认识论和方法论构成的管理哲学体系,其核心范畴分别是"上善若水"、"大制不割"和"变易、不易、简易"。围绕其方法论形成动态变革力、共演自驱力和整合转化力三种组织能力,分别对应灵动与无界、自由与开放、连接与系统三类管理思维。在海尔管理实践中,张瑞敏的水式管理哲学贯穿于战略变革、组织结构、员工管理、商业模式和心智模式等各个层面,是海尔"人单合一"管理体系得以成功运行的哲学基础和主导逻辑。本文是在思维方式层面对西方管理哲学的突破性创新,对中国管理哲学的延续性发展和对中国本土管理理论的融合性创新,有助于提升本土管理研究的实践效力,对物联网时代的企业改善经营管理水平具有重要指导价值。
Changes in the Internet of Things era bring major opportunities and challenges to Chinese local management research and enterprise practice. Based on the meta-theoretical view of management research, this paper emphasizes on the wisdom of Taoist management philosophy,systematically analyzes Ruimin Zhang's management innovation practice in Haier, dialogues with Western management theory and philosophizing, and constructs Ruimin Zhang's water management philosophy and its theoretical system. The theory is a system of management philosophy consisting of ontology, epistemology and methodology, and its core categories are "loftiness as water", "system is uncut" and "change, constant, simple". Focusing on its methodology, it forms three organizational abilities: dynamic transformation ability, coevolution self-drive ability, integrated transformation ability,which correspond to three types of management thinking: "agility and unboundedness", "freedom and openness", "connection and system". During the period of Haier's management practice, Ruimin Zhang's water management philosophy runs through various layers of strategic changes, organizational structures, employee management, business models and mental models. It's the philosophical foundation and main logic for the success of Haier's "Rendanheyi" management system. This paper is a breakthrough innovation in Western management philosophy at the level of thinking, the continuous development of Chinese management philosophy and the integrated innovation of Chinese local management theory. which helps to enhance the practical effectiveness of local management researches.This paper has important guiding value of improving the business management level of enterprises in the Internet of Things era.
Changes in the Internet of Things era bring major opportunities and challenges to Chinese local management research and enterprise practice. Based on the meta-theoretical view of management research, this paper emphasizes on the wisdom of Taoist management philosophy,systematically analyzes Ruimin Zhang's management innovation practice in Haier, dialogues with Western management theory and philosophizing, and constructs Ruimin Zhang's water management philosophy and its theoretical system. The theory is a system of management philosophy consisting of ontology, epistemology and methodology, and its core categories are "loftiness as water", "system is uncut" and "change, constant, simple". Focusing on its methodology, it forms three organizational abilities: dynamic transformation ability, coevolution self-drive ability, integrated transformation ability,which correspond to three types of management thinking: "agility and unboundedness", "freedom and openness", "connection and system". During the period of Haier's management practice, Ruimin Zhang's water management philosophy runs through various layers of strategic changes, organizational structures, employee management, business models and mental models. It's the philosophical foundation and main logic for the success of Haier's "Rendanheyi" management system. This paper is a breakthrough innovation in Western management philosophy at the level of thinking, the continuous development of Chinese management philosophy and the integrated innovation of Chinese local management theory. which helps to enhance the practical effectiveness of local management researches.This paper has important guiding value of improving the business management level of enterprises in the Internet of Things era.
引文
[1]彼得?圣吉著,张成林译.第五项修炼——学习型组织的艺术与实践[M].北京:中信出版社, 2009.
[2]曹仰锋.海尔转型:人人都是CEO(修订版)[M].北京:中信出版集团, 2017.
[3]陈春花,刘祯.水样组织:一个新的组织概念[J].外国经济与管理,2017,(7):3-14.
[4]刁生虎.水:中国古代的根隐喻[J].中州学刊,2006,(5):180-183.
[5]丁雪,杨忠,张骁.组织无边界化变革:情境与策略的匹配研究[J].南京大学学报(哲学?人文科学?社会科学),2017,(6):16-22, 154.
[6]高静美.管理理论构建的哲学反思[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007,(6):81-89.
[7]高良谋,高静美.管理学的价值性困境:回顾、争鸣与评论[J].管理世界,2011,(1):145-167.
[8]高良谋,胡国栋.情感与计算:组织中的逻辑悖论及其耦合机制[J].中国工业经济,2013,(8):96-108.
[9]何丽野.水与火:中西哲学的核心隐喻和文化的基本精神[J].社会科学,2003,(6):86-90.
[10]胡国栋.管理范式的后现代审视与本土化研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2017.
[11]胡泳,郝亚洲.用户乘数:物联网时代的平台属性[J]. IT经理世界,2017,(Z3):61-64.
[12]井润田,赵宇楠,滕颖.平台组织、机制设计与小微创业过程——基于海尔集团组织平台化转型的案例研究[J].管理学季刊,2016,(4):38-71, 136.
[13]孔易人.哲学的元理论性质[J].浙江社会科学,2000,(4):147-149.
[14]李平.中国本土管理研究与中国传统哲学[J].管理学报,2013, 10(9):1249-1261.
[15]李平,周是今,周静子.企业成长的“水哲学”[J].商业评论,2017,(2):64-76.
[16]黎岳庭.和谐领导力之道:道家大五的水善人格[J].清华管理评论,2016,(10):60-67.
[17]李振伦.元理论与元哲学[J].河北学刊,1996,(6):26-31.
[18]刘宝才.“以水喻人”的学说及其思维方式[J].中国哲学史,2003,(1):64-68.
[19]陆亚东,符正平.“水”隐喻在中国特色管理理论中的运用[J].外国经济与管理,2016,(1):3-14.
[20]吕力.管理学的元问题与管理哲学——也谈《出路与展望:直面中国管理实践》的逻辑瑕疵[J].管理学报,2011,(4):517-523.
[21]吕力.“直面中国管理实践”的根本性问题与作为“系统反思”的元管理研究[J].管理学报,2012,(4):506-515.
[22]苗东升.论系统思维(三):整体思维与分析思维相结合[J].系统辩证学学报,2005,(1):1-5, 11.
[23]南怀瑾.老子他说[M].上海:复旦大学出版社, 2015.
[24]齐善鸿,曹振杰.道本管理论:中西方管理哲学融和的视角[J].管理学报,2009,(10):1279-1284, 1290.
[25]谢家平,梁玲,龚海涛.物联网环境下面向客户价值的商业模式变革[J].经济管理,2015, 37(11):188-199.
[26]杨国枢,黄光国,杨中芳.华人本土心理学[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2008.
[27]张瑞敏.海尔:人单合一对接物联网[J].企业管理,2017,(12):11-13.
[28]张绪通著,王虎、王金顺译.道学的管理要旨:人生的智慧与成功的大道[M].成都:四川大学出版社, 1992.
[29]Li P P, Zhou S S, Zhou A J. The Taoist spirit of Haier:The metaphor of sea based on the symbolism of water[J]. Management and Organization Review,2016, 12(4):803-806.
[30]Luo Y D, Zheng Q Q. Competing in complex cross-cultural world:Philosophical insights from Yin-Yang[J]. Cross Cultural&Strategic Management,2016, 23(2):386-392.
[31]Putnam L L, Fairhurst G T, Banghart S. Contradictions, dialectics, and paradoxes in organizations:A constitutive approach[J].The Academy of Management Annals,2016, 10(1):65-171.
[32]Schad J, Lewis M W, Raisch S, et al. Paradox research in management science:Looking Back to Move Forward[J]. The Academy of Management Annals,2016, 10(1):5-64.
[33]Zhang Y. Haier Is a Sea(Zhang Ruimin’s letter in 1994)[J]. Management and Organization Review,2016, 12(4):811-814.
[34]Zhou Y J. Haier’s management model of rendanheyi:From sea to iceberg[J]. Management and Organization Review,2017,13(3):687-688.
(1)参见《张瑞敏:海尔是海》,人民网,2000-12-29,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel3/23/20000802/169341.html。
(2)参见CEO讲话:《张瑞敏:创建物联网时代的商业模式--人单合一》,海尔集团网站,2017-09-26,http://www.haier.net/cn/about_haier/ceo/ceo_speech/201709/t20170926_376577.shtml。
(1)《管理简史》是2017年由海南出版社出版的一本书籍,作者是斯图尔特·克雷纳。海尔集团董事局主席、首席执行官张瑞敏为该书作序推荐:探索与迎接新的管理时代。
(1)参见《马云对话张瑞敏:要在阳光灿烂的日子修屋顶》,载《商业文化》,2016年6月,第65页。
(2)参见CEO讲话:《张瑞敏:互联网时代,海尔的黄金圈》,海尔集团网站,2014-08-25,http://www.haier.net/cn/about_haier/ceo/ceo_speech/201408/t20140825_243032.shtml。
(1)参见CEO讲话:《海尔集团张瑞敏:海尔的“三个转型”》,海尔集团网站,2015-04-20,http://www.haier.net/cn/about_haier/ceo/ceo_speech/201504/t20150420_266479.shtml。
(2)参见媒体专家关注:《张瑞敏:新时代的企业家应瞄准价值引领和机会创造--新华社》,海尔集团网站,2018-01-15,http://www.haier.net/cn/about_haier/news/mtzjgz/201801/t20180115_387182.shtml。
(1)参见媒体专家关注:《人民日报刊文赞人单合一模式引领时代企业管理模式探索》,海尔集团网站,2018-03-13,http://www.haier.net/cn/about_haier/news/mtzjgz/201803/t20180313_392761.shtml。
[2]曹仰锋.海尔转型:人人都是CEO(修订版)[M].北京:中信出版集团, 2017.
[3]陈春花,刘祯.水样组织:一个新的组织概念[J].外国经济与管理,2017,(7):3-14.
[4]刁生虎.水:中国古代的根隐喻[J].中州学刊,2006,(5):180-183.
[5]丁雪,杨忠,张骁.组织无边界化变革:情境与策略的匹配研究[J].南京大学学报(哲学?人文科学?社会科学),2017,(6):16-22, 154.
[6]高静美.管理理论构建的哲学反思[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007,(6):81-89.
[7]高良谋,高静美.管理学的价值性困境:回顾、争鸣与评论[J].管理世界,2011,(1):145-167.
[8]高良谋,胡国栋.情感与计算:组织中的逻辑悖论及其耦合机制[J].中国工业经济,2013,(8):96-108.
[9]何丽野.水与火:中西哲学的核心隐喻和文化的基本精神[J].社会科学,2003,(6):86-90.
[10]胡国栋.管理范式的后现代审视与本土化研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2017.
[11]胡泳,郝亚洲.用户乘数:物联网时代的平台属性[J]. IT经理世界,2017,(Z3):61-64.
[12]井润田,赵宇楠,滕颖.平台组织、机制设计与小微创业过程——基于海尔集团组织平台化转型的案例研究[J].管理学季刊,2016,(4):38-71, 136.
[13]孔易人.哲学的元理论性质[J].浙江社会科学,2000,(4):147-149.
[14]李平.中国本土管理研究与中国传统哲学[J].管理学报,2013, 10(9):1249-1261.
[15]李平,周是今,周静子.企业成长的“水哲学”[J].商业评论,2017,(2):64-76.
[16]黎岳庭.和谐领导力之道:道家大五的水善人格[J].清华管理评论,2016,(10):60-67.
[17]李振伦.元理论与元哲学[J].河北学刊,1996,(6):26-31.
[18]刘宝才.“以水喻人”的学说及其思维方式[J].中国哲学史,2003,(1):64-68.
[19]陆亚东,符正平.“水”隐喻在中国特色管理理论中的运用[J].外国经济与管理,2016,(1):3-14.
[20]吕力.管理学的元问题与管理哲学——也谈《出路与展望:直面中国管理实践》的逻辑瑕疵[J].管理学报,2011,(4):517-523.
[21]吕力.“直面中国管理实践”的根本性问题与作为“系统反思”的元管理研究[J].管理学报,2012,(4):506-515.
[22]苗东升.论系统思维(三):整体思维与分析思维相结合[J].系统辩证学学报,2005,(1):1-5, 11.
[23]南怀瑾.老子他说[M].上海:复旦大学出版社, 2015.
[24]齐善鸿,曹振杰.道本管理论:中西方管理哲学融和的视角[J].管理学报,2009,(10):1279-1284, 1290.
[25]谢家平,梁玲,龚海涛.物联网环境下面向客户价值的商业模式变革[J].经济管理,2015, 37(11):188-199.
[26]杨国枢,黄光国,杨中芳.华人本土心理学[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2008.
[27]张瑞敏.海尔:人单合一对接物联网[J].企业管理,2017,(12):11-13.
[28]张绪通著,王虎、王金顺译.道学的管理要旨:人生的智慧与成功的大道[M].成都:四川大学出版社, 1992.
[29]Li P P, Zhou S S, Zhou A J. The Taoist spirit of Haier:The metaphor of sea based on the symbolism of water[J]. Management and Organization Review,2016, 12(4):803-806.
[30]Luo Y D, Zheng Q Q. Competing in complex cross-cultural world:Philosophical insights from Yin-Yang[J]. Cross Cultural&Strategic Management,2016, 23(2):386-392.
[31]Putnam L L, Fairhurst G T, Banghart S. Contradictions, dialectics, and paradoxes in organizations:A constitutive approach[J].The Academy of Management Annals,2016, 10(1):65-171.
[32]Schad J, Lewis M W, Raisch S, et al. Paradox research in management science:Looking Back to Move Forward[J]. The Academy of Management Annals,2016, 10(1):5-64.
[33]Zhang Y. Haier Is a Sea(Zhang Ruimin’s letter in 1994)[J]. Management and Organization Review,2016, 12(4):811-814.
[34]Zhou Y J. Haier’s management model of rendanheyi:From sea to iceberg[J]. Management and Organization Review,2017,13(3):687-688.
(1)参见《张瑞敏:海尔是海》,人民网,2000-12-29,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel3/23/20000802/169341.html。
(2)参见CEO讲话:《张瑞敏:创建物联网时代的商业模式--人单合一》,海尔集团网站,2017-09-26,http://www.haier.net/cn/about_haier/ceo/ceo_speech/201709/t20170926_376577.shtml。
(1)《管理简史》是2017年由海南出版社出版的一本书籍,作者是斯图尔特·克雷纳。海尔集团董事局主席、首席执行官张瑞敏为该书作序推荐:探索与迎接新的管理时代。
(1)参见《马云对话张瑞敏:要在阳光灿烂的日子修屋顶》,载《商业文化》,2016年6月,第65页。
(2)参见CEO讲话:《张瑞敏:互联网时代,海尔的黄金圈》,海尔集团网站,2014-08-25,http://www.haier.net/cn/about_haier/ceo/ceo_speech/201408/t20140825_243032.shtml。
(1)参见CEO讲话:《海尔集团张瑞敏:海尔的“三个转型”》,海尔集团网站,2015-04-20,http://www.haier.net/cn/about_haier/ceo/ceo_speech/201504/t20150420_266479.shtml。
(2)参见媒体专家关注:《张瑞敏:新时代的企业家应瞄准价值引领和机会创造--新华社》,海尔集团网站,2018-01-15,http://www.haier.net/cn/about_haier/news/mtzjgz/201801/t20180115_387182.shtml。
(1)参见媒体专家关注:《人民日报刊文赞人单合一模式引领时代企业管理模式探索》,海尔集团网站,2018-03-13,http://www.haier.net/cn/about_haier/news/mtzjgz/201803/t20180313_392761.shtml。
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |