气流场驱动下栅片中弧压提升特性的数值分析
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摘要
建立了以磁流体动力学(MHD)理论为基础的气吹灭弧室电弧被气流吹入栅片过程的三维数值分析模型。与当前空气断路器普遍研究的采用磁场驱动电弧进入铁磁栅片区域并被切割为若干短弧相比,主要研究在灭弧室的进气口处施加气流来驱动电弧运动,并采用绝缘栅片来拉长和冷却空气电弧以提高电弧电压。基于商业软件包ANSYSFLUENT并对其进行二次开发,对气吹灭弧室中的多物理场耦合进行数值计算,仿真分析了不同材料栅片下电弧的运动和电压变化情况,采用全绝缘栅片可以获得最大的电弧电压;并比较分析了栅片间距和入口气压对电弧电压提升的影响,为开关电器中基于提升弧压应用场合的研究提供一定的指导作用。
A 3-D numerical analysis model for air arcs splitting by airflow field in air blowing chamber based on magneto hydro dynamics(MHD) was established.At present,air circuit breakers generally use magnetic field driving arc to enter ferromagnetic plates area and cut into short arcs.Compare with that,the application of air flow outside to drive arc movement was mainly studied.The insulation plate was also used to elongate and cool the air arc to increase the arc voltage.Based on the commercial software package ANSYS FLUENT,the numerical calculation of multi physical field coupling in air blow chamber was carried out in this paper.The motion and voltage changes of arc under different material plates were simulated and analyzed.The maximum arc voltage can be obtained with all insulated plates.The effects of plate spacing and inlet air pressure on the arc voltage rise of the blowout chamber were compared and analyzed.This work will provide some guidance for the research on the application of arc voltage rise in switching devices.
A 3-D numerical analysis model for air arcs splitting by airflow field in air blowing chamber based on magneto hydro dynamics(MHD) was established.At present,air circuit breakers generally use magnetic field driving arc to enter ferromagnetic plates area and cut into short arcs.Compare with that,the application of air flow outside to drive arc movement was mainly studied.The insulation plate was also used to elongate and cool the air arc to increase the arc voltage.Based on the commercial software package ANSYS FLUENT,the numerical calculation of multi physical field coupling in air blow chamber was carried out in this paper.The motion and voltage changes of arc under different material plates were simulated and analyzed.The maximum arc voltage can be obtained with all insulated plates.The effects of plate spacing and inlet air pressure on the arc voltage rise of the blowout chamber were compared and analyzed.This work will provide some guidance for the research on the application of arc voltage rise in switching devices.
引文
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[15]刘晓明,韩颖,王尔智,等.基于多物理场耦合的高压SF6断路器混沌电弧模型[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):165-172.Liu Xiaoming,Han Ying,Wang Erzhi,et al.Chaos of arc model for SF6 circuit breaker based on coupled multiple-physical field simulation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(1):165-172.
[16]朱光亚,吴广宁,高国强,等.高速列车静态升降弓电弧的磁流体动力学仿真研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(2):642-649.Zhu Guangya,Wu Guangning,Gao Quoqiang,et al.MHD simulation and analysis of pantograph-catenary arc in the process of pantograph’s raising and lowering[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(2):642-649.
[17]郝长金,尹小兵,古圳,等.基于磁流体动力学模型的弓网电弧温度场仿真[J].高压电器,2016,52(7):123-129.Hao Changjin,Yin Xiaobing,Gu Zhen,et al Temperature field simulation of pantograph-catenary arc based on MHD model[J].High Voltage Apparatus2016,52(7):123-129.
[18]周荣伟,许文良,孙吉升,等.小型断路器灭弧室气流场分析与设计应用[J].电器与能效管理技术2014(2):22-24,45.Zhou Rongwei,Xu Wenliang,Sun Jisheng,et al Analysis of gas flow field of MCB quenching chamber and its design application[J].Electrical&Energy Management Technology,2014(2):22-24,45.
[19]Murphy A B.Transport coefficients of air,argon-air nitrogen-air,and axygen-air plasmas[J].Plasma Chem&Plasma Process,1995,15(2):279-307.
[20]荣命哲,仲林林,王小华,等.平衡态与非平衡态电弧等离子体微观特性计算研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):54-65.Rong Mingzhe,Zhong Linlin,Wang Xiaohua,et al Review of microscopic property calculation of equilibrium and non-equilibrium arc plasma[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,201631(19):54-65.
[21]Dixon C M,Yan J D,Fang M T C.A comparison of three radiation models for the calculation of nozzle arcs[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2014,37(1):3309-3318.
[22]段中喆.ANSYS FLUENT流体分析与工程实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2015.
[23]Karetta F,Lindmayer M.The process of arc-splitting between metal plates in low voltage arc chutes[J].IEEE Transactions on Components,Packaging and Manufacruring Technology,1998,21(1):96-102.
[24]Lindmayer M,Marzahn E,Mutzke A,et al.Simulation of the gas dynamic and electromagnetic processes in low voltage switching arcs[C]//Proceeding of 50th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts,Seattle2004:28-34.
[25]Nakayama K,Yokomiyu Y,Matsumura T,et al.Expression of voltage of high-current air arc affeted by deion plates[C]//Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Gas Discharges and Their Applications,Monterey,2002,1:27-30.
[2]李帅,赵成勇,许建中,等.一种新型限流式高压直流断路器拓扑[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(17):102-110.Li Shuai,Zhao Chengyong,Xu Jianzhong,el al.A new topology for current-limiting HVDC circuit breaker[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(17):102-110.
[3]张国军,宋飞凡,李绍明,等.三阶段电流转移混合型无弧直流断路器[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(11):87-95.Zhao Guojun,Song Feifan,Li Shaoming,et al.Hybrid arc-less DC circuit breaker based on three stage current commutation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(11):87-95.
[4]Gregory G D,Hall W M.Predicting molded-case circuit breaker let-through characteristics in an electrical system under short-circuit conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1993,29(3):548-555.
[5]季良,刘颖异,陈德桂,等.低压断路器气吹灭弧的研究历程及现状分析[J].智能电网,2016,4(6):572-576.Ji Liang,Liu Yingyi,Chen Degui,el al.Status analysis and research progress of the air-blast arc extinguishing of low voltage circuit breaker[J].Smart Grid,2016,4(6):572-576.
[6]荣命哲,杨飞,吴翊,等.直流断路器电弧研究的新进展[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(1):1-9.Rong Mingzhe,Yang Fei,Wu Yi,et al.New developments in switching arc research in DC circuit breaker[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(1):1-9.
[7]Rehmet C,Rohani V,Francois C,et al.3D unsteady state MHD modeling of a 3-phase AC hot graphite electrodes plasma torch[J].Plasma Chemistry&Plasma Processing,2013,33(2):491-515.
[8]Schnick M,Wilhelm G,Lohse M,et al.Threedimensional modelling of arc behaviour and gas shield quality in tandem gas-metal arc welding using antiphase pulse synchronization[J].Journal of Physics DApplied Physics,2011,44(18):185205-185215.
[9]Fay F S,Thomas J A,Legg D,et al.Development of high-voltage air-break circuit-breakers with insulatedsteel-plate arc chutes[J].Proceedings of the IEE,1959106(25):381-391.
[10]马强,荣命哲,Murphy A B,等.考虑器壁侵蚀影响的低压断路器电弧运动特性仿真及实验[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(12):74-81.Ma Qiang,Rong Mingzhe,Murphy A B,et al.Simulation and experiment on air arc characteristics in low-voltage circuit breaker considering wall ablationr[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24(12):74-81.
[11]吴翊,荣命哲,王小华,等.触头打开过程中低压空气电弧等离子体的动态分析[J].电工技术学报,2008,23(5):12-17.Wu Yi,Rong Mingzhe,Wang Xiaohua,et al.Dynamic analysis of low-voltage air arc plasma during contact opening process[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2008,23(5):12-17.
[12]周学.航天继电器分断电弧及其抑制措施的仿真和实验研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[13]李静,曹云东,侯春光,等.交流电弧微观动态形成机理及影响因素[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(17):45-54.Li Jing,Cao Yundong,Hou Chunguang,et al.Microscopic dynamic formation mechanism and influencing factors of AC vacuum arc[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(17):45-54.
[14]翟国富,薄凯,周学,等.直流大功率继电器电弧研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(22):251-263.Zhai Guofu,Bo Kai,Zhou Xue,et al.Investigation on breaking arc in DC high-power relays:a review[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(22):251-263.
[15]刘晓明,韩颖,王尔智,等.基于多物理场耦合的高压SF6断路器混沌电弧模型[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):165-172.Liu Xiaoming,Han Ying,Wang Erzhi,et al.Chaos of arc model for SF6 circuit breaker based on coupled multiple-physical field simulation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(1):165-172.
[16]朱光亚,吴广宁,高国强,等.高速列车静态升降弓电弧的磁流体动力学仿真研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(2):642-649.Zhu Guangya,Wu Guangning,Gao Quoqiang,et al.MHD simulation and analysis of pantograph-catenary arc in the process of pantograph’s raising and lowering[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(2):642-649.
[17]郝长金,尹小兵,古圳,等.基于磁流体动力学模型的弓网电弧温度场仿真[J].高压电器,2016,52(7):123-129.Hao Changjin,Yin Xiaobing,Gu Zhen,et al Temperature field simulation of pantograph-catenary arc based on MHD model[J].High Voltage Apparatus2016,52(7):123-129.
[18]周荣伟,许文良,孙吉升,等.小型断路器灭弧室气流场分析与设计应用[J].电器与能效管理技术2014(2):22-24,45.Zhou Rongwei,Xu Wenliang,Sun Jisheng,et al Analysis of gas flow field of MCB quenching chamber and its design application[J].Electrical&Energy Management Technology,2014(2):22-24,45.
[19]Murphy A B.Transport coefficients of air,argon-air nitrogen-air,and axygen-air plasmas[J].Plasma Chem&Plasma Process,1995,15(2):279-307.
[20]荣命哲,仲林林,王小华,等.平衡态与非平衡态电弧等离子体微观特性计算研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):54-65.Rong Mingzhe,Zhong Linlin,Wang Xiaohua,et al Review of microscopic property calculation of equilibrium and non-equilibrium arc plasma[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,201631(19):54-65.
[21]Dixon C M,Yan J D,Fang M T C.A comparison of three radiation models for the calculation of nozzle arcs[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2014,37(1):3309-3318.
[22]段中喆.ANSYS FLUENT流体分析与工程实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2015.
[23]Karetta F,Lindmayer M.The process of arc-splitting between metal plates in low voltage arc chutes[J].IEEE Transactions on Components,Packaging and Manufacruring Technology,1998,21(1):96-102.
[24]Lindmayer M,Marzahn E,Mutzke A,et al.Simulation of the gas dynamic and electromagnetic processes in low voltage switching arcs[C]//Proceeding of 50th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts,Seattle2004:28-34.
[25]Nakayama K,Yokomiyu Y,Matsumura T,et al.Expression of voltage of high-current air arc affeted by deion plates[C]//Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Gas Discharges and Their Applications,Monterey,2002,1:27-30.