养殖密度对日本黄姑鱼幼鱼生长及非特异性免疫的影响
|
摘要
以初始体质量(7.67±0.85)g的日本黄姑鱼(Nibea japonica)为实验对象,研究了不同养殖密度对日本黄姑鱼幼鱼生长和非特异性免疫的影响:将其随机分为5组,每缸(200 L)分别放养50、100、150、200、250ind幼鱼,密度分别相当于1.9、3.8、5.7、7.6、9.0 kg·m-3,依次记为G1、G2、G3、G4、G5,养殖时间为30 d。结果显示,G5组幼鱼增重率显著低于其它各组(P<0.05),其成活率也较低。血清溶菌酶活性、皮质醇含量随着养殖密度的增加分别表现出降低、增加的趋势,但各组间差异不显著。不同养殖密度下日本黄姑鱼幼鱼的肾脏、肝脏、肌肉及鳃中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力有所不同,但总体上没有明显差异。结果表明,本实验条件下,不同实验密度组间日本黄姑鱼幼鱼生长及存活出现了差异,但其非特异性免疫性能并未受到明显影响。
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of stocking densities on growth of juvenile Nibea japonica and growth performance and non-specific immunity for 30 d cultivation with initial body weight( 7. 67 ± 0. 85) g. The fish were randomly divided into 5 groups,and stocked in each cylinder( 200 L) for50,100,150,200,250 ind per tank,respectively. The densities were equivalent to 1. 9 kg ·m-3,3. 8,5. 7,7. 6,9. 0 kg and marked as G1,G2,G3,G4 and G5,respectively. Each group had three replicates. The results showed that the weight gain rate of G5 was significantly lower than that of the other groups( P < 0. 05)and its survival rate was also lower. With the increasing stock density,activity of lysozyme and concentration of cortisol showed an increasing and decreasing trend,respectively,but no significant difference was found among all groups. On the whole,there was no significant difference in the activity of superoxide dismutase( SOD),catalase( CAT),alkaline phosphatase( AKP) and acidphosphatase( ACP) in kidney,liver,muscle and gill of juvenile Nibea japonica among the groups. The results indicated that there were differences in growth performance and survival rate among all stock density groups,but the non-specific immunity of juvenile Nibea japonica appeared unaffected by the experimental stocking density under the present condition in this study.
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of stocking densities on growth of juvenile Nibea japonica and growth performance and non-specific immunity for 30 d cultivation with initial body weight( 7. 67 ± 0. 85) g. The fish were randomly divided into 5 groups,and stocked in each cylinder( 200 L) for50,100,150,200,250 ind per tank,respectively. The densities were equivalent to 1. 9 kg ·m-3,3. 8,5. 7,7. 6,9. 0 kg and marked as G1,G2,G3,G4 and G5,respectively. Each group had three replicates. The results showed that the weight gain rate of G5 was significantly lower than that of the other groups( P < 0. 05)and its survival rate was also lower. With the increasing stock density,activity of lysozyme and concentration of cortisol showed an increasing and decreasing trend,respectively,but no significant difference was found among all groups. On the whole,there was no significant difference in the activity of superoxide dismutase( SOD),catalase( CAT),alkaline phosphatase( AKP) and acidphosphatase( ACP) in kidney,liver,muscle and gill of juvenile Nibea japonica among the groups. The results indicated that there were differences in growth performance and survival rate among all stock density groups,but the non-specific immunity of juvenile Nibea japonica appeared unaffected by the experimental stocking density under the present condition in this study.
引文
[1]宋志飞,温海深,李吉方,等.养殖密度对流水养殖系统中俄罗斯鲟幼鱼生长的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(6):835-842.SONG Z F,WEN H S,LI J F,et al.The influence of stocking density on the growth performance of juvenile Russian sturgeon(Acipenser gueldenstaedti)in flowing water cultivation[J].Journal of Fisher of China,2014,38(6):835-842.
[2]ALLEN K O.Effects of stocking density and water exchange rate on growth and survival of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus(Rafinesque)in circular tanks[J].Aquaculture,1974,4(1):29-39.
[3]朱建新,赵霞,曲克明,等.封闭循环水系统中养殖密度对大菱鲆生长和免疫的影响[J].渔业现代化,2011,38(4):1-5.ZHU J X,ZHAO X,QU K M,Effect of stocking density on growth and immunity of Scophthalmus maximus reared in recirulating system[J].Fishery Modernization,2011,38(4):1-5.
[4]SAMMOUTH S,D’ORBCASTEL E R.The effect of density on sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)performance in a tankbased recirculating system[J].Aquaculture Engineering,2009(40):72-78.
[5]SAOUD I P,GHANAWI J.Effects of stocking density on the survival,growth,size variation and condition index of juvenile rabbit fish(Siganus rivulatus)[J].Aquaculture International,2009(16):109-116.
[6]王华,李勇,陈康,等.工厂化养殖半滑舌鳎生长、摄食和水质的变化特征及规律[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(4):52-59.WANG H,LI Y,CHEN K,et al.The feature and rule of change of growth and feed intake of Cynoglossus semilaevis and water quality in industria culture with recirculation aquaculture system[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(4):52-59.
[7]陈春娜,黄颖颖,陈先均,等.养殖密度对长薄鳅稚鱼生长的影响[J].当代水产,2011(2):65-68.CHEN C N,HUANG Y Y,CHEN X J,et al.Effects of different stocking density on growth performance of juvenile Leptobotia elongata[J].Current Fisheries,2011(2):65-68.
[8]彭士明,施兆鸿.养殖密度对银鲳幼鱼生长及组织生化指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(7):1371-1376.PENG S M,SHI Z H.Effects of breeding density on the growth and tissues biochemical indices of juvenile silver pomfret(Pampus argenteus)[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(7):1371-1376.
[9]薛宝贵,楼宝,徐冬冬,等.密度胁迫对黄姑鱼幼鱼生长、代谢及非特异性免疫的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(2):46-50.XUE B G,LOU B,XU D D,et al.Impact of density stress on growth,metabolism and non-specific immune functions of juvenile Nibea albiflora[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(2):46-50.
[10]BARTON B A.Stress in fishes:A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids[J].Integrative and Comparative Biology,2002,42(3):517-525.
[11]朱元鼎,张春霖,成庆泰.东海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1963:277-288.ZHU Y D,ZHANG C L.CHENG Q T.Ichthyography of East China Sea[M]Beijing:Science Press,1963:277-288.
[12]柴学军,徐君卓,吴祖杰.日本黄姑鱼全人工繁育技术研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2007,26(2):168-172.CHAI X J,XU J Z,WU Z J.Studies on techniques of the artificial breeding of Nibea japonica[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2007,26(2):168-172.
[13]楼宝,徐君卓,吴祖杰,等.日本黄姑鱼养殖试验初报[J].上海水产大学学报,2002,11(4):324-328.LOU B,XU J Z,WU Z J,et al.The initial report on the cultivation experiments of Nibea japonica[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2002,11(4):324-328.
[14]柴学军,胡则辉,徐君卓,等.盐度和p H对日本黄姑鱼幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2009,28(2):146-150.CHAI X J,HU Z H,XU J Z,et al.Effect of salinity and p H on oxygen consumption rat-e and ammonia excretion rate in juvenile Nibea japonica[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2009,28(2):146-150.
[15]柴学军,胡则辉,徐君卓.日本黄姑鱼与鮸状黄姑鱼的分子标记和遗传变异[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2007,20(2):174-178.CHAI X J,HU Z H,XU J Z,et al.Molecular genetic markers and variation of cultured Nibea japonica and Nibea miichthioides[J].Journal of Ningbo University(NSEE),2007,20(2):174-178.
[16]刘宝良,雷霁霖,贾睿,等.养殖密度对鱼类福利影响研究进展[J].中国工程科学,2014,16(9):101-105.LIU B L,LEI Q L,JIA R,et al.A review:The influence of stocking density on fish welfare[J].Engineering Sciences,2014,16(9):101-105.
[17]廖锐,区又君,苟效伟.养殖密度对鱼类福利影响的研究进展Ⅰ死亡率、生长、摄食以及应激反应[J].南方水产,2006,2(6):76-80.LIAO R,QU Y J,GOU X W.A review:The influence of stocking density on fish welfareⅠmortality,growth,feeding and stress response[J].South China Fisheries Science,2006,2(6):76-80.
[18]DEMERS N E,BAYNE C J.The immediate effect of stress on hormones and plasma lysozyme in rainbowtrout[J].Developmental and Comparative Immunology,1997,21(4):363-373.
[2]ALLEN K O.Effects of stocking density and water exchange rate on growth and survival of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus(Rafinesque)in circular tanks[J].Aquaculture,1974,4(1):29-39.
[3]朱建新,赵霞,曲克明,等.封闭循环水系统中养殖密度对大菱鲆生长和免疫的影响[J].渔业现代化,2011,38(4):1-5.ZHU J X,ZHAO X,QU K M,Effect of stocking density on growth and immunity of Scophthalmus maximus reared in recirulating system[J].Fishery Modernization,2011,38(4):1-5.
[4]SAMMOUTH S,D’ORBCASTEL E R.The effect of density on sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)performance in a tankbased recirculating system[J].Aquaculture Engineering,2009(40):72-78.
[5]SAOUD I P,GHANAWI J.Effects of stocking density on the survival,growth,size variation and condition index of juvenile rabbit fish(Siganus rivulatus)[J].Aquaculture International,2009(16):109-116.
[6]王华,李勇,陈康,等.工厂化养殖半滑舌鳎生长、摄食和水质的变化特征及规律[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(4):52-59.WANG H,LI Y,CHEN K,et al.The feature and rule of change of growth and feed intake of Cynoglossus semilaevis and water quality in industria culture with recirculation aquaculture system[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(4):52-59.
[7]陈春娜,黄颖颖,陈先均,等.养殖密度对长薄鳅稚鱼生长的影响[J].当代水产,2011(2):65-68.CHEN C N,HUANG Y Y,CHEN X J,et al.Effects of different stocking density on growth performance of juvenile Leptobotia elongata[J].Current Fisheries,2011(2):65-68.
[8]彭士明,施兆鸿.养殖密度对银鲳幼鱼生长及组织生化指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(7):1371-1376.PENG S M,SHI Z H.Effects of breeding density on the growth and tissues biochemical indices of juvenile silver pomfret(Pampus argenteus)[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(7):1371-1376.
[9]薛宝贵,楼宝,徐冬冬,等.密度胁迫对黄姑鱼幼鱼生长、代谢及非特异性免疫的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(2):46-50.XUE B G,LOU B,XU D D,et al.Impact of density stress on growth,metabolism and non-specific immune functions of juvenile Nibea albiflora[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(2):46-50.
[10]BARTON B A.Stress in fishes:A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids[J].Integrative and Comparative Biology,2002,42(3):517-525.
[11]朱元鼎,张春霖,成庆泰.东海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1963:277-288.ZHU Y D,ZHANG C L.CHENG Q T.Ichthyography of East China Sea[M]Beijing:Science Press,1963:277-288.
[12]柴学军,徐君卓,吴祖杰.日本黄姑鱼全人工繁育技术研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2007,26(2):168-172.CHAI X J,XU J Z,WU Z J.Studies on techniques of the artificial breeding of Nibea japonica[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2007,26(2):168-172.
[13]楼宝,徐君卓,吴祖杰,等.日本黄姑鱼养殖试验初报[J].上海水产大学学报,2002,11(4):324-328.LOU B,XU J Z,WU Z J,et al.The initial report on the cultivation experiments of Nibea japonica[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2002,11(4):324-328.
[14]柴学军,胡则辉,徐君卓,等.盐度和p H对日本黄姑鱼幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2009,28(2):146-150.CHAI X J,HU Z H,XU J Z,et al.Effect of salinity and p H on oxygen consumption rat-e and ammonia excretion rate in juvenile Nibea japonica[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2009,28(2):146-150.
[15]柴学军,胡则辉,徐君卓.日本黄姑鱼与鮸状黄姑鱼的分子标记和遗传变异[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2007,20(2):174-178.CHAI X J,HU Z H,XU J Z,et al.Molecular genetic markers and variation of cultured Nibea japonica and Nibea miichthioides[J].Journal of Ningbo University(NSEE),2007,20(2):174-178.
[16]刘宝良,雷霁霖,贾睿,等.养殖密度对鱼类福利影响研究进展[J].中国工程科学,2014,16(9):101-105.LIU B L,LEI Q L,JIA R,et al.A review:The influence of stocking density on fish welfare[J].Engineering Sciences,2014,16(9):101-105.
[17]廖锐,区又君,苟效伟.养殖密度对鱼类福利影响的研究进展Ⅰ死亡率、生长、摄食以及应激反应[J].南方水产,2006,2(6):76-80.LIAO R,QU Y J,GOU X W.A review:The influence of stocking density on fish welfareⅠmortality,growth,feeding and stress response[J].South China Fisheries Science,2006,2(6):76-80.
[18]DEMERS N E,BAYNE C J.The immediate effect of stress on hormones and plasma lysozyme in rainbowtrout[J].Developmental and Comparative Immunology,1997,21(4):363-373.