2011～2016年青岛市居民主要膳食镉暴露水平评估
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摘要
目的了解青岛市居民主要食品中镉含量水平,对该居民通过膳食途径暴露镉的健康风险进行初步评估。方法2011~2016年在青岛市监测10类主要食品共1 705份样品,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品中镉的含量,结合居民膳食消费量,比照镉的暂定每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)及安全限值(MOS)并进行风险评估。结果 1 705份样品中仅25份水产类样品镉含量超标。10类食品中镉含量均值为87.31μg/kg,其中水产类镉含量均值最高,为431.00μg/kg;其次为内脏类和面类,镉含量均值分别为66.34、23.54μg/kg。镉检出率最高的为水产类,其次为面类。居民每月主要食物镉暴露量总和(P95)为2 800.95μg,并且超过每月允许摄入量,MOS值为0.54。面类为居民膳食镉暴露比例最高者(51.39%),最低为坚果类(0.00%)。结论青岛市居民大部分膳食镉暴露处于安全水平,但是镉暴露危险食品为水产类和面类。
Objective To understand the cadmium level of main food,and preliminarily assess the risk of dietary cadmium exposure among residents in Qingdao city. Methods A total of 1 705 samples of 10 kinds of food categories were collected in Qingdao city,2011-2016.According to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,cadmium contents were determined in food.The health risk was assessed by comparing the cadmium exposure with the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI)and the margins of safety(MOS)of cadmium. Results The concentration of cadmium in 10 kinds of food groups was 87.31μg/kg.The highest concentration of aquatic products was 431.00μg/kg,the respective concentration of internal organs and flour-made dishes was 66.34μg/kg and 23.54μg/kg.Aquatic products had the highest detection rate of cadmium,followed by flour-made dishes.The total amount of cadmium exposure per month(P95)was2 800.95 and exceeded the allowable intake of the month,and the MOS value was 0.54.The highest proportion of cadmium exposure(51.39%)for residents was flour-made dishes,and nut(0.00%)was the lowest. Conclusion The dietary exposure of cadmium is at the safe level among residents in Qingdao city,but the risk foods for cadmium exposure are aquatic products and flour-made dishe.
Objective To understand the cadmium level of main food,and preliminarily assess the risk of dietary cadmium exposure among residents in Qingdao city. Methods A total of 1 705 samples of 10 kinds of food categories were collected in Qingdao city,2011-2016.According to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,cadmium contents were determined in food.The health risk was assessed by comparing the cadmium exposure with the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI)and the margins of safety(MOS)of cadmium. Results The concentration of cadmium in 10 kinds of food groups was 87.31μg/kg.The highest concentration of aquatic products was 431.00μg/kg,the respective concentration of internal organs and flour-made dishes was 66.34μg/kg and 23.54μg/kg.Aquatic products had the highest detection rate of cadmium,followed by flour-made dishes.The total amount of cadmium exposure per month(P95)was2 800.95 and exceeded the allowable intake of the month,and the MOS value was 0.54.The highest proportion of cadmium exposure(51.39%)for residents was flour-made dishes,and nut(0.00%)was the lowest. Conclusion The dietary exposure of cadmium is at the safe level among residents in Qingdao city,but the risk foods for cadmium exposure are aquatic products and flour-made dishe.
引文
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[2]Ji Y L,Wang H,Liu P,et al.Effects of maternal cadmium exposure during late pregnant period on testicular steroidogenesis in male offspring[J].Toxicology letters,2011,205(1):69-78.
[3]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所.中国居民营养与健康状况监测工作手册[Z].北京:卫生部疾病预防控制局,2010:9-16.
[4]王陇德.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之一:2002综合报告[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:4-6.
[5]Joint F A O.Summary and conclusions of the seventy-third meeting of Joint FAO/WHO Expert committee on Food additives[R].Geneva:FAO/WHO,2010:1-17,2010.
[6]罗祎.食品安全风险分析化学危害评估[J].北京:中国质检出版社,2012,1(1):64-89
[7]梁群珍,王生,肖国军,等.石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定大米中镉含量不确定度的评定[J].微量元素与健康研究,2013,30(1):53-55.
[8]张磊,高俊全,李筱薇.2000年中国总膳食研究——不同性别年龄组人群膳食铅摄入量[J].卫生研究,2007,36(4):459-467.
[9]Morgano M A,Rabonato L C,Milani R F,et al.As,Cd,Cr,Pb and Hg in seafood species used for sashimi and evaluation of dietary exposure[J].Food Control,2014,36(1):24-29.
[10]Ju Y R,Chen W Y,Liao C M.Assessing human exposure risk to cadmium through inhalation and seafood consumption[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2012,227(1):353-361.
[11]董峰光,宫春波,王朝霞,等.烟台市居民主要膳食镉暴露风险评估[J].预防医学,2016,28(7):662-665.
[12]聂晓玲,王敏娟,程国霞,等.2014年陕西省生鲜肉中重金属污染调查与评价[J].卫生研究,2016,45(1):117-120.
[13]张先福,樊立超,宋晓平,等.汞、砷、镉在食物链中迁移规律的研究[J].西北农业科技大学学报,2009,7(3):35.
[14]蒋玉艳,刘展华,程恒怡,等.动物性食品铅污染连续监测与评价[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2014,24(24):3 581-3 583.
[15]尚立成,李玲,胡文宏,等.甘肃省2012年禽畜肉中铅镉监测结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2013,23(8):1 948-1 950.
[16]覃都,王光明.锰镉对水稻生长的影响及其镉积累调控[J].耕作与栽培,2009,1(1):5-7.