中国省级以上开发区空间分布特征及影响因素
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摘要
开发区作为塑造中国经济地理格局的重要力量,其空间布局的外部特征和内在机理亟待研究。运用最邻近点距离指数、核密度估计与地理探测器等方法,探究了中国2 527个省级以上开发区空间分布规律及其影响因素。研究表明:(1)开发区总体上呈"东密西疏"的空间分布特征,与"胡焕庸线"和三大自然区划高度耦合。(2)开发区在空间上具有以"城市群—中心城市"为依托的多核心连片集聚特征,且存在着显著的级别、类型异质性。(3)开发区整体空间分布是自然本底、经济因素和政策因素综合作用的结果,影响开发区空间分布的因子因开发区级别、类型不同而表现出一定的共性和差异性。城市劳动力资源和行政级别是影响开发区分布最为重要的因素;城市经济实力、信息化、地方政府竞争是次级核心因子。
As an important force in shaping China's economic geography, the external characteristics and internal mechanism of the spatial distribution of the development zones need to be inquired urgently. Using nearest neighbor analysis, kernel density estimation and geographical detector methods, the paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and the corresponding influencing factors of 2527 national and provincial development zones in China.The result reveals that: 1) As a whole, the spatial distribution of the development zones are characterized by "sparse in the east and dense in the west", which is highly coupled with China's "Hu Line" and the three natural regionalization. 2) The development zones form a multi-core conglomerate pattern based on the "urban agglomeration and central city" in space,which is significant heterogeneity in terms of levels and types of development zones. 3) The overall spatial distribution is the result of the combined effects of natural endowments, economy and policy factors, which have generalities and differences due to the different levels and types of development zones. In particular, urban labor resources and urban administrative level are the most important influencing factors; the urban economic strength, the level of information and local government competition are its secondary core factors.
As an important force in shaping China's economic geography, the external characteristics and internal mechanism of the spatial distribution of the development zones need to be inquired urgently. Using nearest neighbor analysis, kernel density estimation and geographical detector methods, the paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and the corresponding influencing factors of 2527 national and provincial development zones in China.The result reveals that: 1) As a whole, the spatial distribution of the development zones are characterized by "sparse in the east and dense in the west", which is highly coupled with China's "Hu Line" and the three natural regionalization. 2) The development zones form a multi-core conglomerate pattern based on the "urban agglomeration and central city" in space,which is significant heterogeneity in terms of levels and types of development zones. 3) The overall spatial distribution is the result of the combined effects of natural endowments, economy and policy factors, which have generalities and differences due to the different levels and types of development zones. In particular, urban labor resources and urban administrative level are the most important influencing factors; the urban economic strength, the level of information and local government competition are its secondary core factors.
引文
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[17]张晓平.我国经济技术开发区的发展特征及动力机制[J].地理研究,2002,21(5):656-666.
[18]滕堂伟,胡森林.跨国集群网络与丝绸之路经济带建设新模式[J].兰州大学学报:社会科学版,2016,44(4):81-89.
[19]许景,王兴平.长三角开发区群的空间结构及产业分工[J].城市规划学刊,2010(4):28-35.
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[22] Berke O. Exploratory disease mapping:Kriging the spatial risk function from regional count data[J]. International Journal of Health Geography,2004,3(10):18-20.
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[24]王劲峰,徐成东.地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):116-134.
[25] Liang P,Yang X. Landscape spatial patterns in the Maowusu(Mu Us)Sandy Land,northern China and their impact factors[J]. Catena,2016,145:321-333.
[26]滕堂伟,覃柳婷,胡森林.长三角地区众创空间的地理分布及影响机制[J].地理科学,2018,38(8):1 266-1 272.
[27]朱鹤,刘家明,陶慧,等.北京城市休闲商务区的时空分布特征与成因[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1 215-1 228.
[28] Hu Y,Wang J,Li X,et al. Geographical detector-based risk as sessment of the under-five mortality in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J]. Plo S one,2011,6(6):e21 427.
[29]王志锋,王优容,王云亭,等.城市行政等级与经济增长——基于开发区的视角[J].宏观经济研究,2017(11):115-127.
[30]邓慧慧,赵家羚,虞义华.地方政府建设开发区:左顾右盼的选择?[J].财经研究,2018,44(3):139-152.
[31]向宽虎,陆铭.发展速度与质量的冲突——为什么开发区政策的区域分散倾向是不可持续的?[J].财经研究,2015,41(4):4-17.
[32] Zhuang L,Ye C. Disorder or reorder?The spatial production of State-Level New Areas in China[J]. Sustainability,2018,10(10):3 628-3 642.
[2]况伟大.开发区与中国区域经济增长[J].财贸经济,2009(10):71-76.
[3]李力行,申广军.经济开发区、地区比较优势与产业结构调整[J].经济学(季刊),2015,14(3):885-910.
[4]张晓平,刘卫东.开发区与城市空间结构演进及其动力机制[J].地理科学,2003,23(2):142-149.
[5]张越,叶高斌,姚士谋.开发区新城建设与城市空间扩展互动研究——以上海、杭州、南京为例[J].经济地理,2015,35(2):84-91.
[6] Britton J. N. H. Reconsidering innovation policy for small and medium sized enterprises:the Canadian case[J]. Environment and Planning C:Government and Policy,1991,9(2):189-206.
[7] Castells M,Peter Hall. Technopoles of the world:The making of 21st century industrial complexes[M]. London:Routledge,1994.
[8] Malecki E J,Nijkamp P. Technology and regional development:some thoughts on policy[J]. Environment and Planning C:Gov‐ernment and Policy,1988,6(4):383-399.
[9] Hudson R. Labour-market changes and new forms of work in old industrial regions:maybe flexibility for some but not flexi‐ble accumulation[J]. Environment and Planning D:Society and Space,1989,7(1):5-30.
[10] Link A.N,Scott J.T. The growth of research triangle park[J].Small Business Economics,2003,20(2):167-175.
[11] Díez-Vial I,Fernández-Olmos M. Knowledge spillovers in science and technology parks:how can firms benefit most?[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2015,40(1):70-84.
[12]张伟,顾朝林,陈田,等.中国高新技术区的综合评价[J].地理研究,1998,17(3):10-18.
[13]陈汉欣.中国高技术开发区的类型与建设布局研究[J].经济地理,1999,19(1):7-11.
[14]魏心镇.关于高技术产业及其园区发展的研究[J].经济地理,1991,11(1):6-11.
[15]王兴平,崔功豪.中国城市开发区的区位效益规律研究[J].城市规划学刊,2003(3):69-73.
[16]高超,金凤君.沿海地区经济技术开发区空间格局演化及产业特征[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):202-213.
[17]张晓平.我国经济技术开发区的发展特征及动力机制[J].地理研究,2002,21(5):656-666.
[18]滕堂伟,胡森林.跨国集群网络与丝绸之路经济带建设新模式[J].兰州大学学报:社会科学版,2016,44(4):81-89.
[19]许景,王兴平.长三角开发区群的空间结构及产业分工[J].城市规划学刊,2010(4):28-35.
[20]唐承丽,唐凯,周国华,等.论长株潭城市群开发区的整合发展[J].经济地理,2012,32(3):63-68.
[21]王远飞,何洪林.空间数据分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:66-71.
[22] Berke O. Exploratory disease mapping:Kriging the spatial risk function from regional count data[J]. International Journal of Health Geography,2004,3(10):18-20.
[23] Wang J.F,Li X.H,Christakos G,et al. Geographical detectorsbased health risk assessment and its application in the neural tube defects study of the Heshun Region,China[J]. Interna‐tional Journal of Geographical Information Science,2010,24(1):107-127.
[24]王劲峰,徐成东.地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):116-134.
[25] Liang P,Yang X. Landscape spatial patterns in the Maowusu(Mu Us)Sandy Land,northern China and their impact factors[J]. Catena,2016,145:321-333.
[26]滕堂伟,覃柳婷,胡森林.长三角地区众创空间的地理分布及影响机制[J].地理科学,2018,38(8):1 266-1 272.
[27]朱鹤,刘家明,陶慧,等.北京城市休闲商务区的时空分布特征与成因[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1 215-1 228.
[28] Hu Y,Wang J,Li X,et al. Geographical detector-based risk as sessment of the under-five mortality in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J]. Plo S one,2011,6(6):e21 427.
[29]王志锋,王优容,王云亭,等.城市行政等级与经济增长——基于开发区的视角[J].宏观经济研究,2017(11):115-127.
[30]邓慧慧,赵家羚,虞义华.地方政府建设开发区:左顾右盼的选择?[J].财经研究,2018,44(3):139-152.
[31]向宽虎,陆铭.发展速度与质量的冲突——为什么开发区政策的区域分散倾向是不可持续的?[J].财经研究,2015,41(4):4-17.
[32] Zhuang L,Ye C. Disorder or reorder?The spatial production of State-Level New Areas in China[J]. Sustainability,2018,10(10):3 628-3 642.
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