考虑碰撞弹跳的接触器动力学模型建立及其弹跳特性影响因素分析
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摘要
接触器通断过程中,动、静触头以及衔铁、轭铁间的碰撞接触使接触器工作系统的运动状态变得极为复杂,合理处理动作过程中的碰撞接触问题是研究接触器动态特性的关键。以某型号螺线管式大功率接触器为例,基于分段线性结构动力学思想以及Kelvin-Voigt模型,考虑了能量损失、碰撞变形等因素对接触器碰撞弹跳的影响,给出了考虑碰撞弹跳的接触器动力学运动方程,并建立了接触器碰撞弹跳动力学模型。将接触器动力学模型与电磁机构有限元模型相结合,提出了一种快速耦合接触器机-电-磁-运动的多物理场计算方法,研究了考虑碰撞弹跳的接触器动态特性。然后利用接触器动态特性实验装置证明了该文提出的多物理场耦合计算方法的正确性。最后,分析了超程弹簧预压力、线圈励磁电压、触头开距和返回弹簧预压力对接触器碰撞弹跳的影响,从而为抑制接触器碰撞弹跳提供理论依据。
The motion of the contactor system becomes extremely complex due to the collision contacts between moving contact and static contact, armature and yoke in the on-off process of contactor. The key to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the contactor needs to properly deal with the collision contact problem. In this study, taking a solenoid type high-power contactor for research object, the dynamic equation for motion and kinetic model of the contactor including collision bounce is established based on the piecewise linear structure dynamics method and KelvinVoigt model, in which the influences of energy loss, collision deformation factors on collision bounce are considered. combining the kinetic model with the finite element model of electromagnetic mechanism, a multi-physics calculation method for the fast coupling structual-electro-magneticmotion is proposed. The dynamic characteristics of the contactor considering the collision bounce are studied. Then, the correctness of the multiphysics coupling calculation method proposed in this paper is proved by the contactor dynamics experimental device. Finally, the influences of the overtravel spring preload, coil exciting voltage, contact distance and return spring preload on the contact bounce characteristics of the contactor are analyzed, and the results presented in this study provide the theoretical basis for suppressing the contact bounce.
The motion of the contactor system becomes extremely complex due to the collision contacts between moving contact and static contact, armature and yoke in the on-off process of contactor. The key to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the contactor needs to properly deal with the collision contact problem. In this study, taking a solenoid type high-power contactor for research object, the dynamic equation for motion and kinetic model of the contactor including collision bounce is established based on the piecewise linear structure dynamics method and KelvinVoigt model, in which the influences of energy loss, collision deformation factors on collision bounce are considered. combining the kinetic model with the finite element model of electromagnetic mechanism, a multi-physics calculation method for the fast coupling structual-electro-magneticmotion is proposed. The dynamic characteristics of the contactor considering the collision bounce are studied. Then, the correctness of the multiphysics coupling calculation method proposed in this paper is proved by the contactor dynamics experimental device. Finally, the influences of the overtravel spring preload, coil exciting voltage, contact distance and return spring preload on the contact bounce characteristics of the contactor are analyzed, and the results presented in this study provide the theoretical basis for suppressing the contact bounce.
引文
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[23]李俊峰,苏秀苹,郑新芳,等.基于触头动态接触压力的触头弹跳分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(9):138-144.Li Junfeng,Su Xiuping,Zheng Xinfang,et al.Analysis of the contact bounce based on dynamic contact pressure[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(9):138-144.
[24]Lankarani H M,Nikravesh P E.Continuous contact force models for impact analysis in multibody systems[J].Nonlinear Dynamics,1994,5(2):193-207.
[2]苏秀苹,杨怡君,李俊峰,等.基于变异系数-模糊评判法的交流接触器动态响应批不确定度的分析与评价[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(8):102-108.Su Xiuping,Yang Yijun,Li Junfeng,et al.Analysis and evaluation of dynamic response lot uncertainty of AC contactor based on coefficient of variance and fuzzy comprehensive theory[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(8):102-108.
[3]郑昕,许志红.交流接触器最佳分断区域的探讨[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(7):198-206.Zheng Xin,Xu Zhihong.An exploration on the best breaking areas of AC contactors[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(7):198-206.
[4]翟国富,薄凯,周学,等.直流大功率继电器电弧研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(22):251-263.Zhai Guofu,Bo Kai,Zhou Xue,et al.Investigation on breaking arc in DC high-power relays:a review[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(22):251-263.
[5]杨文英,郭久威,王茹,等.继电器电磁机构电磁-热耦合模型建立与计算方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(13):169-177.Yang Wenying,Guo Jiuwei,Wang Ru,et al.Establishing and calculating methods of electromagnetic-thermal coupling model of relay’s electromagnetic mechanism[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(13):169-177.
[6]Kawase Y,Tatsuoka S,Yamaguchi T,et al.3-D finite element analysis of operating characteristics of ACelectromagnetic contactors[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2006,30(5):3244-3247.
[7]Kawase Y,Miyatani O,Yamaguchi T,et al.Numerical analysis of dynamic characteristics of electromagnets using 3-D finite element method with edge elements[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1994,30(5):3248-3251.
[8]Arkadan A R A,Heiden M J J V,Brauer J R.The coupled problem in electromagnetic AC contactors[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1997,33(2):1630-1633.
[9]Sadowski N,Bastos J P A,Albuquerque A B,et al.Avoltage fed AC contactor modeling using 3D edge elements[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(5):3170-3173.
[10]Fang Shuhua,Lin Heyun,Ho S L.Magnetic field analysis and dynamic characteristic prediction of ACpermanent magnet contactor[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2009,45(7):2990-2995.
[11]Gollee R,Gerlach A.An FEM-based method for analysis of the dynamic behavior of AC contactors[J].IEEETransactions on Magnetics,2000,36(4):1337-1340.
[12]纽春萍,陈德桂,李兴文,等.交流接触器触头弹跳的仿真及影响因素[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(10):85-90.Niu Chunping,Chen Degui,Li Xingwen,et al.Simulation of contact bounce of AC contactor and study of its influence factors[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(10):85-90.
[13]翟国富,樊薇薇,叶雪荣,等.具有回跳特征的电磁继电器动态反力计算模型[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(1):88-94.Zhai Guofu,Fan Weiwei,Ye Xuerong,et al.Dynamic reaction calculation model of the relay considering bounce[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24(1):88-94.
[14]刘颖异,陈德桂,纽春萍,等.带电压反馈的智能接触器动态特性及触头弹跳的仿真与研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(30):20-25.Liu Yingyi,Chen Degui,Niu Chunping,et al.Analysis and simulation of dynamic behavior and contact bounce for an intelligent contactor with feedback mechanism[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(30):20-25.
[15]何晓燕,许志红.交流接触器虚拟样机设计技术[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(14):148-155.He Xiaoyan,Xu Zhihong.Virtual prototyping technology of AC contactor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(14):148-155.
[16]杨文英,刘兰香,贾楠,等.考虑弹跳的直流接触器动态特性计算方法研究[J].电器与能效管理技术,2017,27(16):83-88.Yang Wenying,Liu Lanxiang,Jia Nan,et al.Investigation on the calculation method for dynamic characteristics of DC contactor considering bounce[J].Electrical Appliance and Energy Efficiency Management Technology,2017,27(16):83-88.
[17]荣命哲,娄建勇,王小华.永磁式接触器动触头动作特性仿真分析与试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(1):109-113.Rong Mingzhe,Lou Jianyong,Wang Xiaohua.Simulation analysis and experimental research of operating characteristic for moving contact of contactor with permanent magnet actuator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(1):109-113.
[18]李兴文,陈德桂,孙志强,等.交流接触器动态过程及触头弹跳的数值分析与实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(9):229-233.Li Xingwen,Chen Degui,Sun Zhiqiang,et al.Numerical analysis and experimental investigation of dynamic behavior and contact bounce of ACcontactor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2004,24(9):229-233.
[19]许志红,张培铭.智能交流接触器全过程动态优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(17):156-161.Xu Zhihong,Zhang Peiming.Dynamic optimal design of intelligent AC contactor in the whole course[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(17):156-161.
[20]Niels L,Hugo P,Daniel D Z,et al.Modeling of contact bounce in a transient electromagnetic compatibility test for the analysis and optimization of nonlinear devices[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2017,59(2):541-544.
[21]Lambrecht N,Pues H,Zutter D D,et al.Modeling of contact bounce in a transient electromagnetic compatibility test for the analysis and optimization of nonlinear devices[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2017,59(2):541-544.
[22]Xiong Jun,He Junjia,Zang Chunyan.Dynamic analysis of contact bounce of aerospace relay based on finite difference method[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2009,22(3):262-267.
[23]李俊峰,苏秀苹,郑新芳,等.基于触头动态接触压力的触头弹跳分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(9):138-144.Li Junfeng,Su Xiuping,Zheng Xinfang,et al.Analysis of the contact bounce based on dynamic contact pressure[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(9):138-144.
[24]Lankarani H M,Nikravesh P E.Continuous contact force models for impact analysis in multibody systems[J].Nonlinear Dynamics,1994,5(2):193-207.