外商直接投资、进出口贸易与我国省际能源效率——基于GMM广义矩估计的实证研究
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摘要
基于2005—2016年我国30个省及直辖市的面板数据,采用GMM,Ward面板聚类的方法,实证分析了外商直接投资、进出口贸易对我国能源效率的影响。实证结果表明,总体上外商直接投资的增加有助于提升我国能源效率,进出口贸易也能显著提升能源效率。研发投入的增加、人均GDP的上升都能够提高能源效率;但同时,以第二产业增加值占比衡量的产业结构对能源效率则存在显著负向影响,城市化的发展同样也会降低能源效率。聚类后发现,在高能源消费区,增加出口更能显著提升能源效率;在次高能源消费区,吸引外商直接投资以及减少出口能够显著提升能源效率;在中低能源消费区,增加外资和减少进口能够显著提升能源效率;在低能源消费区,减少出口能够显著提升该区域能源效率。
Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2005 to 2016,the paper used GMM and Ward panel clustering methods to empirically analyze the impact of foreign direct investment and import and export trade on China's energy efficiency. The empirical results show that generally,the increase in foreign direct investment will help improve China's energy efficiency,and import and export trade can also significantly improve energy efficiency. Rising investment in R&D and rising per capita GDP can all increase energy efficiency. However,at the same time,the industrial structure measured by the ratio of the added value of the secondary industry has a significant negative impact on energy efficiency. The development of urbanization will also reduce energy efficiency. After clustering,it is found that increasing exports in high-energy-consuming areas can significantly increase energy efficiency. In the second-highest energy-consuming areas,attracting foreign direct investment and reducing exports can significantly increase energy efficiency; in low and medium-energy energy consumption areas,increase foreign investment and reducing imports can significantly increase energy efficiency;in low-energy consumption areas,reducing exports can significantly increase energy efficiency in the region.
Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2005 to 2016,the paper used GMM and Ward panel clustering methods to empirically analyze the impact of foreign direct investment and import and export trade on China's energy efficiency. The empirical results show that generally,the increase in foreign direct investment will help improve China's energy efficiency,and import and export trade can also significantly improve energy efficiency. Rising investment in R&D and rising per capita GDP can all increase energy efficiency. However,at the same time,the industrial structure measured by the ratio of the added value of the secondary industry has a significant negative impact on energy efficiency. The development of urbanization will also reduce energy efficiency. After clustering,it is found that increasing exports in high-energy-consuming areas can significantly increase energy efficiency. In the second-highest energy-consuming areas,attracting foreign direct investment and reducing exports can significantly increase energy efficiency; in low and medium-energy energy consumption areas,increase foreign investment and reducing imports can significantly increase energy efficiency;in low-energy consumption areas,reducing exports can significantly increase energy efficiency in the region.
引文
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[12]綦建红,陈小亮.进出口与能源利用效率:基于中国工业部门面板数据的实证研究[J].南方经济,2011(01):14-25.
[13]刘慧,陈晓华,周禄松.出口技术复杂度赶超对能源效率的影响研究——基于跨国面板数据门槛效应模型的非线性检验[J].国际贸易问题,2014(08):25-35.
[14]张兵兵,朱晶.出口对全要素能源效率的影响研究——基于中国37个工业行业视角的经验分析[J].国际贸易问题,2015(04):56-65.
[15] CAO Bin-ru,WANG Shu-hong. Opening up,international trade,and green technology progress[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,142(02):1002-1012.
[16] Ren J,Shi S L. Multivariable panel data ordinal clustering and its application in competitive strategy identification of appliance-wiring listed companies[C]//International Conference on Management Science&Engineering(16th)Moscow Russia,2009:253-258.
[17]张艾莉,王若霏.我国区域能源消费、经济增长及对外贸易动态关系研究[J].华东经济管理,2016,30(10):68-74.
[2]尹宗成,丁日佳,江激宇. FDI、人力资本、R&D与中国能源效率[J].财贸经济,2008(09):95-98.
[3]孙广生,杨先明,黄祎.中国工业行业的能源效率(1987—2005)——变化趋势、节能潜力与影响因素研究[J].中国软科学,2011(11):29-39.
[4]李思慧.产业集聚、人力资本与企业能源效率——以高新技术企业为例[J].财贸经济,2011(09):128-134.
[5]刘叶,朱彤.外商直接投资对中国工业能源使用效率的影响——基于行业内和行业间技术溢出效应的双重视角[J].中国石油大学学报(社会科学版),2010(03):16-21.
[6]沈小波,曹芳萍.外商直接投资、技术溢出与中国的能源强度——基于中国省域面板数据的经验研究[J].价格理论与实践,2012(04):36-37.
[7]陈媛媛,李坤望. FDI对省际工业能源效率的影响[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2010(06):28-33.
[8]张敏,张娜,王文.不同来源地FDI对我国能源消费强度的影响[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2012(02):13-18.
[9]王兵,张技辉,张华.环境约束下中国省际全要素能源效率实证研究[J].经济评论,2011(04):31-43.
[10] Elliott R J R,SUN Pu-yang,CHEN Si-yang. Energy intensity and foreign direct investment:A Chinese city-level study[J]. Energy Economics,2013,40(02):484-494.
[11]范如国,孟雨兴. FDI技术溢出对能源效率影响的区域差异分析——基于吸收能力的视角[J].技术经济,2015(04):30-36+72.
[12]綦建红,陈小亮.进出口与能源利用效率:基于中国工业部门面板数据的实证研究[J].南方经济,2011(01):14-25.
[13]刘慧,陈晓华,周禄松.出口技术复杂度赶超对能源效率的影响研究——基于跨国面板数据门槛效应模型的非线性检验[J].国际贸易问题,2014(08):25-35.
[14]张兵兵,朱晶.出口对全要素能源效率的影响研究——基于中国37个工业行业视角的经验分析[J].国际贸易问题,2015(04):56-65.
[15] CAO Bin-ru,WANG Shu-hong. Opening up,international trade,and green technology progress[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,142(02):1002-1012.
[16] Ren J,Shi S L. Multivariable panel data ordinal clustering and its application in competitive strategy identification of appliance-wiring listed companies[C]//International Conference on Management Science&Engineering(16th)Moscow Russia,2009:253-258.
[17]张艾莉,王若霏.我国区域能源消费、经济增长及对外贸易动态关系研究[J].华东经济管理,2016,30(10):68-74.