中国工业能-水消耗系数的空间差异及脱钩分析
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摘要
厘清工业领域中能源、水资源等生产要素的配置关系,以及它们与经济增长的曲线关系,对于集约高效的工业发展模式和生态文明建设具有重要的意义。根据2005—2016年的数据,通过构建能源耗水系数,运用空间自相关方法分析中国工业领域水资源-能源之间联系,并采用Tapio脱钩模型分析水资源-能源-经济三者的两两关系,以寻求工业领域能-水消耗的时空演变规律。结果表明:①中国工业用水强度、用能强度和能源耗水系数在省级范围内均有显著的空间正相关关系。②局部莫兰指数的结果表明工业用水强度H-H集聚区主要在南部省份,L-L集聚区主要在北方省份;工业用能强度H-H集聚区主要在西部省份,L-L集聚区主要在东部省份;工业能源耗水系数H-H集聚区主要在华东和华南省份,L-L集聚区主要在北方省份,其中上海、福建和广东省份的能源耗水系数状态较为理想。③研究期内经济与资源之间的脱钩更为明显,其发展更为协调;而水资源与能源之间的脱钩关系与此相比有一定差距,但是从时间趋势来看,其协调关系正在进一步加强。据此,提出全国层面应该协同推进工业领域中能源、水资源等生产要素的配置关系,强化高质量发展。结合能源和水资源的集聚性做好区域层面的产业规划,大力发展绿色低碳节约型产业,推进资源全面可持续和循环利用。省级层面在国家产业规划指导下根据产业实际发展加快产业升级和供给侧改革,对工业企业的管理严格执行相关政策,同时引进高新设备,改进生产工艺,提高资源利用效率和回收循环利用效率。
Clarifying the allocation relationship between energy,water resources and other production factors in the industrial field,and their relationship with economic growth,is important to intensive and efficient industrial development model and ecological civilization construction. According to the data from 2005 to 2016,through the construction of energy consumption coefficient,we used the spatial autocorrelation method to analyze the water-energy relationship in China's industrial fields and used the Tapio decoupling model to analyze the relationship between water resources,energy and economy,so as to seek the laws of space-time evolution of energy-water consumption in the industrial sector. The results showed that: ①There was notable spatial positive correlation between China's industrial water intensity,energy intensity and energy consumption coefficient at the provincial level. ②The results of the local Moran's I index indicated that the concentrated areas of the H-H industrial water intensity were mainly located in southern provinces,the L-L concentrated areas were mainly in the northern provinces; the industrial energy intensity H-H concentrated areas were mainly in the western provinces,while the L-L concentrated areas were mainly in the eastern provinces; the concentrated areas of industrial energy-water consumption coefficient H-H were mainly in the eastern and southern China provinces,and the L-L concentrated areas were mainly in the northern provinces; the energy-water consumption coefficient status in Shanghai,Fujian and Guangdong was ideal. ③ During the research period,the decoupling between economy and resources was more obvious and its development was more coordinated. There was a gap between the decoupling of water and energy,but in terms of trends among time,the coordination was strengthened further. Based on this,it is proposed that the national level should promote the allocation of production factors such as energy and water resources in the industrial sector,and strengthen high-quality development. We should combine the agglomeration of energy and water resources to make the industrial planning at the regional level,and develop green and low carbon economy industries,to promote comprehensive,sustainable and circular use of resources. At the provincial level,under the guidance of the national industrial planning,industrial upgrading and supply-side reform should be accelerated in accordance with the actual industrial development. We should strengthen the management of industrial enterprises and strictly implement relevant policies.Meanwhile,high-tech equipment should be introduced to improve the production process,so as to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and recycling.
Clarifying the allocation relationship between energy,water resources and other production factors in the industrial field,and their relationship with economic growth,is important to intensive and efficient industrial development model and ecological civilization construction. According to the data from 2005 to 2016,through the construction of energy consumption coefficient,we used the spatial autocorrelation method to analyze the water-energy relationship in China's industrial fields and used the Tapio decoupling model to analyze the relationship between water resources,energy and economy,so as to seek the laws of space-time evolution of energy-water consumption in the industrial sector. The results showed that: ①There was notable spatial positive correlation between China's industrial water intensity,energy intensity and energy consumption coefficient at the provincial level. ②The results of the local Moran's I index indicated that the concentrated areas of the H-H industrial water intensity were mainly located in southern provinces,the L-L concentrated areas were mainly in the northern provinces; the industrial energy intensity H-H concentrated areas were mainly in the western provinces,while the L-L concentrated areas were mainly in the eastern provinces; the concentrated areas of industrial energy-water consumption coefficient H-H were mainly in the eastern and southern China provinces,and the L-L concentrated areas were mainly in the northern provinces; the energy-water consumption coefficient status in Shanghai,Fujian and Guangdong was ideal. ③ During the research period,the decoupling between economy and resources was more obvious and its development was more coordinated. There was a gap between the decoupling of water and energy,but in terms of trends among time,the coordination was strengthened further. Based on this,it is proposed that the national level should promote the allocation of production factors such as energy and water resources in the industrial sector,and strengthen high-quality development. We should combine the agglomeration of energy and water resources to make the industrial planning at the regional level,and develop green and low carbon economy industries,to promote comprehensive,sustainable and circular use of resources. At the provincial level,under the guidance of the national industrial planning,industrial upgrading and supply-side reform should be accelerated in accordance with the actual industrial development. We should strengthen the management of industrial enterprises and strictly implement relevant policies.Meanwhile,high-tech equipment should be introduced to improve the production process,so as to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and recycling.
引文
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[18]洪思扬,王红瑞,来文立,等.我国能源耗水空间特征及其协调发展脱钩分析[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(5):800-813.
[19]OECD.Indicators to measure decoupling of environmental pressure from economic growth[R].Paris:OECD,2002.
[20]习近平.坚决打好污染防治攻坚战推动生态文明建设迈上新台阶[N/OL].北京:新华网,2018-05-19.http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2018-05/19/c_1122857595.htm.
[2]岳立,赵海涛.环境约束下的中国工业用水效率研究——基于中国13个典型工业省区2003年-2009年数据[J].资源科学,2011,33(11):2071-2079.
[3]李静,马潇璨.资源与环境双重约束下的工业用水效率——基于SBM-Undesirable和Meta-frontier模型的实证研究[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(6):920-933.
[4]毛春梅.工业用水量的价格弹性计算[J].工业用水与废水,2005(3):1-4.
[5]孙才志,王妍,李红新.辽宁省用水效率影响因素分析[J].水利经济,2009,27(2):1-5,75.
[6]姜蓓蕾,耿雷华,卞锦宇,等.中国工业用水效率水平驱动因素分析及区划研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(11):2231-2239.
[7]李静,任继达.中国工业的用水效率与决定因素——资源和环境双重约束下的分析[J].工业技术经济,2018,37(1):122-129.
[8]雷玉桃,黄丽萍.中国工业用水效率及其影响因素的区域差异研究——基于SFA的省际面板数据[J].中国软科学,2015(4):155-164.
[9]张兵兵,沈满洪.工业用水与工业经济增长、产业结构变化的关系[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(2):9-14.
[10]马海良,侯雅如,李珊珊.工业废水排放与经济增长脱钩的省际差异研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(11):185-192.
[11]查建平,唐方方,傅浩.中国能源消费、碳排放与工业经济增长——一个脱钩理论视角的实证分析[J].当代经济科学,2011,33(6):81-89,125.
[12]杜祥琬,杨波,刘晓龙,等.中国经济发展与能源消费及碳排放解耦分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(12):1-7.
[13]DONG B,ZHANG M,MU H L,et al.Study on decoupling analysis between energy consumption and economic growth in Liaoning Province[J].Energy policy,2016,97:414-420.
[14]MIELKE E,ANADON L D,NARAYANAMURTI V.Water consumption of energy resource extraction,processing,and conversion[R].Massachusetts:Harvard Kennedy School,2010.
[15]Water Environment Federation(WEF).Energy conservation in water and wastewater facilities,manual of practice[R].Virginia:WEF,2009.
[16]DUBREUIL A,ASSOUMOU E,BOUKAERT S,et al.Water modeling in an energy optimization framework:the water scare middle east context[J].Applied energy,2013,101:268-279.
[17]姜珊,王浩,赵勇.水-能源纽带关系解析与耦合模似[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2017.
[18]洪思扬,王红瑞,来文立,等.我国能源耗水空间特征及其协调发展脱钩分析[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(5):800-813.
[19]OECD.Indicators to measure decoupling of environmental pressure from economic growth[R].Paris:OECD,2002.
[20]习近平.坚决打好污染防治攻坚战推动生态文明建设迈上新台阶[N/OL].北京:新华网,2018-05-19.http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2018-05/19/c_1122857595.htm.