基于非正交多接入的多层全双工异构网回程方案及性能研究
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摘要
为解决多层异构网(HetNet)中全双工小小区基站(SBS)的回程问题,该文提出一种基于非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术的带内无线回程方案。首先构造出由大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)宏小区基站(MBS)和K层单天线SBS组成的K+1层HetNet,网络中所有基站均工作在全双工模式。特别考虑了MBS下行传输模式,允许全双工SBS采用先进的NOMA技术在下行链路移动用户信号上叠加回程信号。接着利用随机几何知识和齐次泊松点过程模型,在此HetNet模型上研究移动用户的小小区上行和回程传输信干比覆盖概率,并讨论SBS的吞吐量。最终结果表明小小区回程传输覆盖概率尽管随着功率共享系数单调变化,但与移动用户的功率的关系并不满足单调性;当满足一定功率分配时,与没有采用NOMA的SBS系统相比,NOMA小小区网络可获得吞吐量增益。
To establish effective backhaul connection in multi-tiers Heterogeneous Network(HetNet), by exploiting advanced Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA) a novel in-band wireless backhaul scheme is proposed at full-duplex Small cell Base Stations(SBSs). Firstly, a K+1 HetNet is investigated, where the first tier consists of Macro Base Stations(MBSs) that are equipped with massive MIMO antennas and the remainder K tiers consist of the different types of single-antenna SBSs. The base stations of the whole network operate in full-duplex mode. Specially, the downlink transmission of MBSs is considered. Hence, at each SBS the backhaul signal is superposed over the downlink signal. Then, by using the method from stochastic geometry and modeling all network's elements as independent homogeneous Poisson Point Processes(PPPs) in this HetNet model, the coverage probabilities of up access link and backhaul link of SBSs are investigated as well as the throughput of small cells. Finally, the presented simulations and numerical results show that the coverage probability of small cell backhaul is changing monotonously with the power sharing efficient, but the monotony is not held for the power of mobile users. Compared with the systems without NOMA, it is found that with reasonable power allocation factor, the NOMA-deployed ones achieve the evident throughput gain.
To establish effective backhaul connection in multi-tiers Heterogeneous Network(HetNet), by exploiting advanced Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA) a novel in-band wireless backhaul scheme is proposed at full-duplex Small cell Base Stations(SBSs). Firstly, a K+1 HetNet is investigated, where the first tier consists of Macro Base Stations(MBSs) that are equipped with massive MIMO antennas and the remainder K tiers consist of the different types of single-antenna SBSs. The base stations of the whole network operate in full-duplex mode. Specially, the downlink transmission of MBSs is considered. Hence, at each SBS the backhaul signal is superposed over the downlink signal. Then, by using the method from stochastic geometry and modeling all network's elements as independent homogeneous Poisson Point Processes(PPPs) in this HetNet model, the coverage probabilities of up access link and backhaul link of SBSs are investigated as well as the throughput of small cells. Finally, the presented simulations and numerical results show that the coverage probability of small cell backhaul is changing monotonously with the power sharing efficient, but the monotony is not held for the power of mobile users. Compared with the systems without NOMA, it is found that with reasonable power allocation factor, the NOMA-deployed ones achieve the evident throughput gain.
引文
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[2]李云,王俊伟,赵为粮,等.基于基站密度和业务负载的异构蜂窝网络能效优化[J].电子与信息学报,2017,39(4):854-859.doi:10.11999/JEIT160192.LI Yun,WANG Junwei,ZHAO Weiliang,et al.Optimizing the energy efficiency of heterogeneous cellular networks based on the base station density and traffic load[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2017,39(4):854-859.doi:10.11999/JEIT160192.
[3]SAPOUNTZIS N,SPYROPOULOS T,NIKAEIN N,et al.User association in HetNets:Impact of traffic differentiation and backhaul limitations[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2017,25(6):3396-3410.doi:10.1109/TNET.2017.2746011.
[4]JABER M,LOPEZ-MARTINEZ F J,IMRAN M A,et al.Wireless backhaul:Performance modelling and impact on user association for 5G[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2018,17(5):3095-3110.doi:10.1109/TWC.2018.2806456.
[5]TABASSUM H,SAKR A H,and HOSSAIN E.Analysis of massive MIMO-Enabled downlink wireless backhauling for full-duplex small cells[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2016,64(6):2354-2369.doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2016.2555908.
[6]WANG Ning,HOSSAIN E,and BHARGAVA V K.Joint downlink cell association and bandwidth allocation for wireless backhauling in two-tier HetNets with large-scale antenna arrays[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2016,15(5):3251-3268.doi:10.1109/TWC.2016.2519401.
[7]JIA Xiangdong,DENG Pengfei,YANG Longxiang,et al.Spectrum and energy efficiencies for multiuser pairs massive MIMO systems with full-duplex amplify-and-forward relay[J].IEEE Access,2015,3:1907-1918.doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2486039.
[8]AKBAR S,DENG Yansha,NALLANATHAN A,et al.Massive multiuser MIMO in heterogeneous cellular networks with full duplex small cells[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2017,65(11):4704-4719.doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2017.2728536.
[9]SIDDIQUE U,TABASSUM H,HOSSAIN E,et al.Wireless backhauling of 5G small cells:Challenges and solution approaches[J].IEEE Wireless Communications,2015,22(5):22-31.doi:10.1109/MWC.2015.7306534.
[10]DHILLON H S and CAIRE G.Wireless backhaul networks:Capacity bound,scalability analysis and design guidelines[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2015,14(11):6043-6056.doi:10.1109/TWC.2015.2447534.
[11]MARCANO A S and CHRISTIANSEN H L.Impact of NOMA on network capacity dimensioning for 5GHetNets[J].IEEE Access,2018,6:13587-13603.doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2799959.
[12]JIA Xiangdong,FU Haiyang,YANG Longxiang,et al.Superposition coding cooperative relaying communications:Outage performance analysis[J].International Journal of Communication Systems,2011,24(3):384-397.doi:10.1002/dac.1160.
[13]RODRIGUEZ L J,TRAN N H,and LE-NGOC T.Performance of full-duplex AF relaying in the presence of residual self-interference[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2014,32(9):1752-1764.doi:10.1109/JSAC.2014.2330151.
[14]SINGH S,ZHANG Xinchen,and ANDREWS J G.Joint rate and SINR coverage analysis for decoupled uplinkdownlink biased cell associations in HetNets[J].IEEETransactions on Wireless Communications,2015,14(10):5360-5373.doi:10.1109/TWC.2015.2437378.
[15]SHARMA A,GANTI R K,and MILLETH J K.Joint backhaul-access analysis of full duplex self-backhauling heterogeneous networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2017,16(3):1727-1740.doi:10.1109/TWC.2017.2653108.
[16]GRADSHTEYN I S and RYZHIK I M.Table of Integrals,Series,and Products[M].7th Edition,Orlando:Academic Press,2007:34-87.