蚜虫共生菌感染格局、动态及在宿主种群分化中的作用
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摘要
蚜虫体内感染共生菌的现象较为普遍。共生菌在蚜虫种群的存活、繁衍和应对外界压力等方面发挥着重要作用。蚜虫种群感染共生菌的种类和组成模式多样,这有利于蚜虫种群应对多变的环境。共生菌生活于宿主昆虫体内。宿主感染共生菌的种类和数量动态受宿主的遗传背景和生态适应力、外界环境条件等多种因素的影响。共生菌具有为宿主提供营养、消化植物组织和降解植物毒素等功能,从而影响宿主昆虫的寄主利用范围。原生和次级共生菌可引起宿主蚜虫寄主范围的改变,赋予蚜虫利用新寄主的能力,从而促进种群的分化。蚜虫体内通常有多种共生菌共存,共生菌种间关系会影响共生菌种群动态和生物功能的表现。因此,在共生菌群落层次上探明蚜虫-共生菌-寄主植物三者间的关系将是今后研究的重点。
Infection with endosymbiont is very common in aphid populations.Endosymbionts play key roles in determining survival,reproduction and responses to environmental stress of aphids.The endosymbiont species and infection patterns are various in aphids.The diversity of endosymbionts is advantageous for aphids to deal with different environmental conditions.Endosymbionts parasitize insect hosts.The species and population fluctuations of endosymbionts are determined by several factors including genetic background and fitness of insect hosts and environmental stress.Endosymbionts can synthesize essential substances for host aphids,digest plant tissues and neutralize plant toxins.Consequently,host utilization of insects might be affected by endosymbionts.It has been revealed that the primary and secondary endosymbionts could result in host shift of aphids,and confer the ability on aphids to use a novel host plant which they naturally cannot use.Therefore,the endosymbionts promote the population differentiation of aphids.Co-infection of endosymbionts is found in aphids.Interspecific relations between endosymbionts will affect the population dynamics and roles of endosymbionts.The study on relations among aphid-endosymbiont-host plant at community level will be attracting more and more attention from researchers.
Infection with endosymbiont is very common in aphid populations.Endosymbionts play key roles in determining survival,reproduction and responses to environmental stress of aphids.The endosymbiont species and infection patterns are various in aphids.The diversity of endosymbionts is advantageous for aphids to deal with different environmental conditions.Endosymbionts parasitize insect hosts.The species and population fluctuations of endosymbionts are determined by several factors including genetic background and fitness of insect hosts and environmental stress.Endosymbionts can synthesize essential substances for host aphids,digest plant tissues and neutralize plant toxins.Consequently,host utilization of insects might be affected by endosymbionts.It has been revealed that the primary and secondary endosymbionts could result in host shift of aphids,and confer the ability on aphids to use a novel host plant which they naturally cannot use.Therefore,the endosymbionts promote the population differentiation of aphids.Co-infection of endosymbionts is found in aphids.Interspecific relations between endosymbionts will affect the population dynamics and roles of endosymbionts.The study on relations among aphid-endosymbiont-host plant at community level will be attracting more and more attention from researchers.
引文
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