清代《红楼梦》评点论妙玉及其“偏蒙不洁”
|
摘要
作为心寄红尘的幽尼,妙玉终因意根未净,招邪落劫,生死莫明。清代《红楼梦》评点的相关论述,集中在出身、性情、宝妙、遭劫等方面。关于出身,或疏文意,特表身份高贵、家世不凡;或批注笔法,概有带写、省笔。关于性情,或责之"过洁""孤相贱相",或许之"率其天真""心性高洁"。关于宝妙,一云"妙玉心中爱宝玉殊甚",一云"宝玉与妙玉神契"。关于遭劫,一者"数固有定,文亦有意",二者"甚矣慕清名者之必被浊祸也",三者"以为一生矫伪之报"。如许评论或随俗或拔俗,却于气质、才华从略。至于妙玉结局,与其拟想种种,未若"了而不了,不了而了"。
As a haired nun who cares about the mortal world, Miaoyu's heart is not free from human desires and passions so she is kidnapped and her status remains unclear at the last. The relevant comments on A Dream of Red Mansions in the Qing Dynasty focused on her family background, temperament, relationship with Baoyu and kidnapping, etc. About her family background,some comments deliver the text meaning and show her noble identity and extraordinary family background; some comments are about writing techniques, such as writing in succession, ellipsis. About her temperament, some blame she cares about the mortal world too much and her isolation and poverty; some praises her innocence, nobleness and pureness. About Baoyu and Miaoyu,some think that Miaoyu loves Baoyu so much and others think they are perfect match. About the kidnapping, some think that it is the destiny and the author has his own intention; some think that Miaoyu cherishes the reputation but gets the opposite of what she wants; some think this is a punishment for her hypocrisy. Such comments follow or beyond the mortal world,but they just describe Miaoyu's temperament and talent in brief. As for the Miaoyu's ending, just let it go.
As a haired nun who cares about the mortal world, Miaoyu's heart is not free from human desires and passions so she is kidnapped and her status remains unclear at the last. The relevant comments on A Dream of Red Mansions in the Qing Dynasty focused on her family background, temperament, relationship with Baoyu and kidnapping, etc. About her family background,some comments deliver the text meaning and show her noble identity and extraordinary family background; some comments are about writing techniques, such as writing in succession, ellipsis. About her temperament, some blame she cares about the mortal world too much and her isolation and poverty; some praises her innocence, nobleness and pureness. About Baoyu and Miaoyu,some think that Miaoyu loves Baoyu so much and others think they are perfect match. About the kidnapping, some think that it is the destiny and the author has his own intention; some think that Miaoyu cherishes the reputation but gets the opposite of what she wants; some think this is a punishment for her hypocrisy. Such comments follow or beyond the mortal world,but they just describe Miaoyu's temperament and talent in brief. As for the Miaoyu's ending, just let it go.
引文
[1]一粟.古典文学研究资料汇编[C].北京:中华书局,1963:119,130,96,120-121.
[2]陈庆浩.新编《石头记》脂砚斋评语辑校[Z].北京:中国友谊出版公司,1987:315.
[3]冯其庸.八家评批《红楼梦》[Z].北京:文化艺术出版社,1991:380.按:王希廉评、张新之评、姚燮评皆据此本,特殊情况另注。
[4]王伯沆.王伯沆红楼梦批语汇录[Z].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1985:190.
[5]刘操南.桐花凤阁评《红楼梦》辑录[Z].天津:天津人民出版社,1981:90.
[6]曹立波.东观阁本研究[M].北京:北京图书馆出版社,2004:276.
[7]哈斯宝.新译《红楼梦》回批[M].亦邻真,译.呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1979:68.
[8]佚名氏.读《红楼梦》随笔[M].影印本.成都:巴蜀书社,1984:324.
[9]李汉秋、陆林.黄小田评点《红楼梦》[Z].合肥:黄山书社,1989:569.
[10]曹雪芹.红楼梦(三家评本)[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1988:16.
[11]木村.红楼梦读后记[A].中国艺术研究院红楼梦研究所,人民文学出版社编辑部.红楼梦研究稀见资料汇编[C].北京:人民文学出版社,2001:1279.
[12]梁归智.石头记探佚[M].太原:山西人民出版社,1983:159.
[13]林冠夫.红楼梦纵横谈[M].南宁:广西人民出版社,1985:260.
[14]吕启祥.红楼梦寻味录[M].太原:山西人民出版社,2001:36.
[15]冯子礼.妙玉的环境与妙玉的性格[J].红楼梦学刊,1983,(4):197.
(1)《红楼梦》评点,从乾隆十九年(1754)脂砚斋重评《石头记》,到完成于1938年的王伯沆评点《红楼梦》,40多家中可见者有20多家。本文“清代《红楼梦》评点”是指其中最有代表性的脂砚斋、东观主人、王希廉、陈其泰、张子梁、哈斯宝、张新之、黄小田、姚燮、佚名氏、王伯沆等十余家。张子梁《评订红楼梦》,今藏于山东省图书馆,张子梁评及诗皆据此本。
(2)本文所引《红楼梦》正文皆据冯其庸《八家评批〈红楼梦〉》,北京:文化艺术出版社1991年版。
(3)据张新之第112回夹批“仍用三人合收一妙。甘受污辱,‘绛芸轩’之钗也;不屈而死,‘归离恨’之黛也;不知下落,也难妄拟,宝玉之归空、宝钗之末路也,而其实侧重在宝钗。”知“三人”指宝黛钗。
[2]陈庆浩.新编《石头记》脂砚斋评语辑校[Z].北京:中国友谊出版公司,1987:315.
[3]冯其庸.八家评批《红楼梦》[Z].北京:文化艺术出版社,1991:380.按:王希廉评、张新之评、姚燮评皆据此本,特殊情况另注。
[4]王伯沆.王伯沆红楼梦批语汇录[Z].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1985:190.
[5]刘操南.桐花凤阁评《红楼梦》辑录[Z].天津:天津人民出版社,1981:90.
[6]曹立波.东观阁本研究[M].北京:北京图书馆出版社,2004:276.
[7]哈斯宝.新译《红楼梦》回批[M].亦邻真,译.呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1979:68.
[8]佚名氏.读《红楼梦》随笔[M].影印本.成都:巴蜀书社,1984:324.
[9]李汉秋、陆林.黄小田评点《红楼梦》[Z].合肥:黄山书社,1989:569.
[10]曹雪芹.红楼梦(三家评本)[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1988:16.
[11]木村.红楼梦读后记[A].中国艺术研究院红楼梦研究所,人民文学出版社编辑部.红楼梦研究稀见资料汇编[C].北京:人民文学出版社,2001:1279.
[12]梁归智.石头记探佚[M].太原:山西人民出版社,1983:159.
[13]林冠夫.红楼梦纵横谈[M].南宁:广西人民出版社,1985:260.
[14]吕启祥.红楼梦寻味录[M].太原:山西人民出版社,2001:36.
[15]冯子礼.妙玉的环境与妙玉的性格[J].红楼梦学刊,1983,(4):197.
(1)《红楼梦》评点,从乾隆十九年(1754)脂砚斋重评《石头记》,到完成于1938年的王伯沆评点《红楼梦》,40多家中可见者有20多家。本文“清代《红楼梦》评点”是指其中最有代表性的脂砚斋、东观主人、王希廉、陈其泰、张子梁、哈斯宝、张新之、黄小田、姚燮、佚名氏、王伯沆等十余家。张子梁《评订红楼梦》,今藏于山东省图书馆,张子梁评及诗皆据此本。
(2)本文所引《红楼梦》正文皆据冯其庸《八家评批〈红楼梦〉》,北京:文化艺术出版社1991年版。
(3)据张新之第112回夹批“仍用三人合收一妙。甘受污辱,‘绛芸轩’之钗也;不屈而死,‘归离恨’之黛也;不知下落,也难妄拟,宝玉之归空、宝钗之末路也,而其实侧重在宝钗。”知“三人”指宝黛钗。