熔融七芯光纤球对称的Mach-Zehnder干涉传感特性
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摘要
提出了一种基于七芯光纤和单模光纤熔球对称型Mach-Zehnder干涉传感器。单模光纤端面熔接制作直径180μm光纤球,将2个光纤球中间熔接一段七芯光纤,位于Mach-Zehnder干涉结构中间的七芯光纤长度为9 mm。传感器外界环境温度、曲率的改变都会使传感器的纤芯基模和包层模的光程差发生改变,从而引起传感器干涉谱发生变化,通过监测干涉谱可以实现对外界物理量的测量。通过建立的有限差分光束传播法仿真分析结果可知:光纤球结构增加了七芯光纤的光耦合效率,七芯光纤结构的干涉效应得到了有效改善。实验结果表明:当温度在20～95℃范围内变化时,传感器的温度灵敏度为58. 97 pm/℃,线性度为0. 996 22;曲率在0～1 m~(-1)变化范围内,传感器的曲率灵敏度为2. 55 nm/m~(-1),线性度为0. 996 73。设计的传感器结构紧凑、制作工艺简单、可靠性高。
A symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor based on a seven-core fiber and a single-mode fiber ball is proposed. A single mode fiber end face is fused to fabricate a fiber ball with 180 μm diameter. A seven-core fiber is splicing between the two fiber balls. The length of the seven-core fiber in the middle of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer( MZI) structure is 9 mm. The optical path difference( OPD) between the fiber core fundamental and cladding modes of the sensor can be varied with the changes of outer circumstance temperature or curvature,which will cause the change of interference spectrum. The measurement of the external physical quantity can be achieved by monitoring the change of the interference spectrum. The simulation results of finite difference beam propagation method show that the fiber ball structure increases the optical coupling efficiency of seven-core fiber,and the interference effect of the seven-core fiber structure is improved effectively. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the sensor is 58. 97 pm/℃ with the linearity 0. 996 22,when the temperature changes in the range of 20～ 95 ℃,and the sensor has a curvature sensitivity of 2. 55 nm/m~(-1) with a linearity 0. 996 73 at the range of 0～ 1 m~(-1). The proposed Mach-Zehnder interference sensor has compact structure,simple manufacturing process and high reliability.
A symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor based on a seven-core fiber and a single-mode fiber ball is proposed. A single mode fiber end face is fused to fabricate a fiber ball with 180 μm diameter. A seven-core fiber is splicing between the two fiber balls. The length of the seven-core fiber in the middle of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer( MZI) structure is 9 mm. The optical path difference( OPD) between the fiber core fundamental and cladding modes of the sensor can be varied with the changes of outer circumstance temperature or curvature,which will cause the change of interference spectrum. The measurement of the external physical quantity can be achieved by monitoring the change of the interference spectrum. The simulation results of finite difference beam propagation method show that the fiber ball structure increases the optical coupling efficiency of seven-core fiber,and the interference effect of the seven-core fiber structure is improved effectively. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the sensor is 58. 97 pm/℃ with the linearity 0. 996 22,when the temperature changes in the range of 20～ 95 ℃,and the sensor has a curvature sensitivity of 2. 55 nm/m~(-1) with a linearity 0. 996 73 at the range of 0～ 1 m~(-1). The proposed Mach-Zehnder interference sensor has compact structure,simple manufacturing process and high reliability.
引文
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[3]刘超,张雯,董明利,等. CO2激光刻写长周期光纤光栅与光纤MZ结构的双参数传感特性[J].红外与激光工程,2017,46(9):142-148.
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[6] ZHU T,OU Z,HAN M,et al. Propylene carbonate based compact Fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometric electric field sensor[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2013,31(10):1566-1572.
[7] LI J,ZHANG W,GAO S,et al. Long-period fiber grating cascaded to an S fiber taper for simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2013,25(9):888-891.
[8] LI L,LI X,XIE Z,et al. All-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers for sensing applications[J]. Optics Express,2012,20(10):11109-11120.
[9] SUN H,YANG S,ZHANG X,et al. Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain or temperature and curvature based on an optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer[J]. Optics Communications,2015,340:39-43.
[10] WU D,ZHU T,CHIANG K S,et al. All single-mode fiber MachZehnder interferometer based on two peanut-shape structures[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2012,30(5):805-810.
[11] SALCEDA-DELGADO G,VAN N A,ANYONIO-LOPEZ J E,et al. Compact fiber-optic curvature sensor based on super-mode interference in a seven-core fiber[J]. Optics Letters,2015,40(7):1468-1471.
[12] MAY-ARRIOJA D A,GUZMAN-SEPULVEDA J R. Highly sensitive fiber-optic refractive index sensor using multicore coupled structures[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology,2017,35(13):2695-2701.
[13] ZHOU S,HUANG B,SHU X. A multi-core fiber based interferometer for high temperature sensing[J]. Measurement Science&Technology,2017,28(45):1.
[14]傅海威,闫旭,李辉栋,等.基于纤芯失配型马赫—曾德尔光纤折射率和温度同时测量传感器的研究[J].光学学报,2014,34(11):58-63.
[15] WANG Y,RICHARDSON D,BRAMBILLA G,et al. Intensity measurement bend sensors based on periodically tapered soft glass fibers[J]. Optics Letters,2011,36(4):558-560.
[16]付兴虎,谢海洋,朱洪彬,等.基于锥形光子晶体光纤马赫—曾德尔干涉的曲率传感器实验研究[J].光学学报,2015,35(5):70-75.
[2]段丹阳,程进,高然,等.基于光纤法布里—珀罗干涉仪的温度传感器[J].传感器与微系统,2017,36(4):124-127.
[3]刘超,张雯,董明利,等. CO2激光刻写长周期光纤光栅与光纤MZ结构的双参数传感特性[J].红外与激光工程,2017,46(9):142-148.
[4]鲁怀伟,张玉娥,罗冠炜.基于2×2和3×3耦合器的级联马赫—曾德干涉仪型波长交错滤波器[J].光学精密工程,2007,15(7):1021-1025.
[5] LIN H S,RAJI Y M,LIM J H,et al. Packaged in-line MachZehnder interferometer for highly sensitive curvature and exural strain sensing[J]. Sensors&Actuators A:Physical,2016,250:237-242.
[6] ZHU T,OU Z,HAN M,et al. Propylene carbonate based compact Fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometric electric field sensor[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2013,31(10):1566-1572.
[7] LI J,ZHANG W,GAO S,et al. Long-period fiber grating cascaded to an S fiber taper for simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2013,25(9):888-891.
[8] LI L,LI X,XIE Z,et al. All-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers for sensing applications[J]. Optics Express,2012,20(10):11109-11120.
[9] SUN H,YANG S,ZHANG X,et al. Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain or temperature and curvature based on an optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer[J]. Optics Communications,2015,340:39-43.
[10] WU D,ZHU T,CHIANG K S,et al. All single-mode fiber MachZehnder interferometer based on two peanut-shape structures[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2012,30(5):805-810.
[11] SALCEDA-DELGADO G,VAN N A,ANYONIO-LOPEZ J E,et al. Compact fiber-optic curvature sensor based on super-mode interference in a seven-core fiber[J]. Optics Letters,2015,40(7):1468-1471.
[12] MAY-ARRIOJA D A,GUZMAN-SEPULVEDA J R. Highly sensitive fiber-optic refractive index sensor using multicore coupled structures[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology,2017,35(13):2695-2701.
[13] ZHOU S,HUANG B,SHU X. A multi-core fiber based interferometer for high temperature sensing[J]. Measurement Science&Technology,2017,28(45):1.
[14]傅海威,闫旭,李辉栋,等.基于纤芯失配型马赫—曾德尔光纤折射率和温度同时测量传感器的研究[J].光学学报,2014,34(11):58-63.
[15] WANG Y,RICHARDSON D,BRAMBILLA G,et al. Intensity measurement bend sensors based on periodically tapered soft glass fibers[J]. Optics Letters,2011,36(4):558-560.
[16]付兴虎,谢海洋,朱洪彬,等.基于锥形光子晶体光纤马赫—曾德尔干涉的曲率传感器实验研究[J].光学学报,2015,35(5):70-75.
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