剪叶对不同土壤类型及不同品种小麦产量和品质的影响
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摘要
为探究不同土壤条件下剪叶对不同品种小麦植株性状、籽粒产量和品质的影响,采用盆栽试验,在土壤肥力较高的黑土和土壤肥力较低的潮土条件下,以强筋春小麦品种津强8号和中筋春小麦农麦5号为供试品种,于小麦旗叶展开时,进行不同叶位剪叶处理。结果表明,在其他处理相同时,黑土条件下小麦株高、穗长、千粒重和籽粒产量均显著(P<0.05)优于潮土条件下的小麦,其中产量提高44.8%,说明土壤肥力对小麦植株性状和产量有重要影响;剪叶处理的穗粒数、千粒重和产量均低于不剪叶(CK)处理,其中剪旗叶的产量较CK降低25.4%,剪倒2叶的产量较CK降低21.8%,且差异显著(P<0.05),说明剪叶对小麦产量性状有不利影响。黑土条件下籽粒总蛋白质及组分含量均高于潮土,其中总蛋白质含量、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量分别较潮土条件下高出1.88个百分点、0.34个百分点、1.06个百分点,且均达到显著水平(P<0.05),说明土壤肥力对小麦品质有重要影响;津强8号的总蛋白质含量、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量均高于农麦5号,其中谷蛋白含量显著高出1.38个百分点(P<0.05);而农麦5号的清蛋白含量较津强8号显著高出0.68个百分点(P<0.05),说明强筋小麦品种并非每项品质指标都优于中筋小麦品种。本研究结果为进一步开展小麦优质高产栽培研究提供了理论依据。
In this study, a pot experiment was carried out to explore effect of leaf-cutting on the plant characters, grain yield and quality of different wheat varieties in different soil. Under the condition of black soil with high soil fertility and alluvial soil with low soil fertility, the strong gluten spring wheat variety Jinqiang 8 and medium gluten spring wheat variety Nongmai 5 were used as the tested varieties. When the flag leaf of wheat was unfolded, different leaf positions were treated with leaf cutting. The results showed that when other treatments were similar, the plant height, ear length, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of wheat under black soil condition were significantly better than those under alluvial soil conditions(P<0.05), and the yield was increased by 44.8%, indicating that soil fertility had an important effect on the plant characters and yield of wheat. The grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight and yield of leaf-cutting treatment were all lower than those of non-leaf-cutting treatment(CK), among them the yield of cut flag leaves was 25.4% lower than CK, and the yield of two leaves clipped was 21.8% lower than CK(P<0.05), which indicates that leaf-cutting had adverse effects on yield characters of wheat. The contents of total protein, globulin and gliadin in black soil were higher than those in alluvial soil by 1.88 %, 0.34% and 1.06 %, respectively, which showed that soil fertility had an important effect on wheat quality(P<0.05). The contents of total protein, globulin, gliadin and glutenin of Jinqiang 8 were higher than those of Nongmai 5, among which the content of Glutenin was significantly higher by 1.38%(P<0.05); while the albumin of Nongmai 5 was significantly higher than that of Jinqiang 8 by 0.68%(P<0.05), The results showed that strong gluten wheat varieties were not superior to medium gluten wheat varieties in terms of each quality index. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on high-quality and high-yield cultivation of wheat.
In this study, a pot experiment was carried out to explore effect of leaf-cutting on the plant characters, grain yield and quality of different wheat varieties in different soil. Under the condition of black soil with high soil fertility and alluvial soil with low soil fertility, the strong gluten spring wheat variety Jinqiang 8 and medium gluten spring wheat variety Nongmai 5 were used as the tested varieties. When the flag leaf of wheat was unfolded, different leaf positions were treated with leaf cutting. The results showed that when other treatments were similar, the plant height, ear length, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of wheat under black soil condition were significantly better than those under alluvial soil conditions(P<0.05), and the yield was increased by 44.8%, indicating that soil fertility had an important effect on the plant characters and yield of wheat. The grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight and yield of leaf-cutting treatment were all lower than those of non-leaf-cutting treatment(CK), among them the yield of cut flag leaves was 25.4% lower than CK, and the yield of two leaves clipped was 21.8% lower than CK(P<0.05), which indicates that leaf-cutting had adverse effects on yield characters of wheat. The contents of total protein, globulin and gliadin in black soil were higher than those in alluvial soil by 1.88 %, 0.34% and 1.06 %, respectively, which showed that soil fertility had an important effect on wheat quality(P<0.05). The contents of total protein, globulin, gliadin and glutenin of Jinqiang 8 were higher than those of Nongmai 5, among which the content of Glutenin was significantly higher by 1.38%(P<0.05); while the albumin of Nongmai 5 was significantly higher than that of Jinqiang 8 by 0.68%(P<0.05), The results showed that strong gluten wheat varieties were not superior to medium gluten wheat varieties in terms of each quality index. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on high-quality and high-yield cultivation of wheat.
引文
[1] 赵广才,万富世,常旭虹,杨玉双,李姗姗,丰明,李乃新.灌水对强筋小麦籽粒蛋白质含量及其稳定性的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(7):1247-1252
[2] 赵广才,常旭虹,杨玉双,丰明,马少康,杨桂霞,徐凤娇.不同追施氮肥处理对冬小麦产量和品质的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(3):559-562
[3] 王美,赵广才,石书兵,常旭虹,王德梅,杨玉双,郭明明,张红,张兴卫.氮肥底追比例及施硫对小麦氮素吸收利用的调控[J].核农学报,2017,31(5):954-963
[4] 赵广才,常旭虹,杨玉双,李振华,丰明,马少康,杨桂霞.追氮量对不同品质类型小麦产量和品质的调节效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):859-865
[5] 赵广才,常旭虹,杨玉双,李姗姗,李乃新,张铁恒.基本苗数和底追肥比例对冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质组分的影响[J].核农学报,2008,22(5):712-716
[6] 朱光焕,信迺全,梁德印,赵振英,霍志孝,王大明.冬小麦防止倒伏问题初步研究[J].中国农业科学,1960(1):43-52
[7] 刘万代,尹均,朱高纪.剪叶对不同穗型小麦品种干物质积累及籽粒产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(7):1353-1360
[8] 刘万代,尹均,李磊.剪叶对不同穗型小麦品种光合速率及单茎产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(2):318-322
[9] 刘万代,尹均,王化岑,任向科.两个不同穗型小麦品种对剪叶的反应[J].江西农业学报,2006,18(4):24-27
[10] 蒋纪芸,阎世理,潘世禄,翟允提冬小麦生育后期个体器官间的补偿作用[J].西北农林科技大学学报,1984(1):20-36
[11] 凌启鸿,朱庆森.小麦各叶位叶片对产里形成作用的研究(初报) [J].作物学报,1965,4(3):219-233
[12] 欧行奇,胡海燕,李新华,成立群.剪叶对不同源库类型小麦品种粒重的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2008,28(3):513-517
[13] 崔振会,许有温,陈进忠,杜文山,张学红.冬小麦上部叶片损伤与产量形成的关系[J].作物学报,1984,10(1):24,34
[14] 冯朝章,雨泽高.小麦冠层叶片和芒对产量因素的影响[J].湖北农学院学报,1994,14(1):1-7
[15] 王彬龙,魏艳丽,李瑞国,蒋会利,张安静.开花期剪叶对大穗型小麦品系1642源库协调性的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(6):21-24
[16] 蒋军民,华国怀,徐和钧,计春度.不同剪叶处理对扬麦158灌浆期物质生产及籽粒产量的影响[J].上海农业学报,1999,15(1):83-86
[17] 杨兆生,许红霞,梁文科.小麦叶片、穗、芒对粒重的作用及品种间效应的研究[J].国外农学-麦类作物,1995(4):38-39
[18] 苏佩,蒋纪云,王春虎.小麦蛋白质组分的连续提取分离法及提取时间的选择[J].河南职业技术师范学院学报,1993,21(2):l-4
[19] 王小兵,于美玲,崔国惠,吴晓华,史红飞,李元清.高产优质春小麦新品种-农麦5号[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(9):1325
[20] 段红平,王萝萍,李智敏.云南旱地小麦减源缩库与穗部性状的关系[J].耕作与栽培,2002(4):22-24
[21] 李树凤,索全义,王金莲,陈磊,刘景秀.追氮时期及花后不同光合器官对春小麦籽粒容重的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(3):474-476
[22] 陈旭,刘佳音,江晓东.源库变化对小麦光合作用产物及其产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(32):18005-18006,18018
[23] 索全义,王俊超,高聚林,刘瑞国,高宏艳.不同施肥条件下小麦光合器官对单穗产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(1):116-121
[24] 赵新华,于维汉,于松溪,段祥茂,徐宗进,孟德龙.小麦济南17籽粒灌浆特征分析[J].作物研究,2002(2):57-58
[25] 张邦恕.不同叶位叶对产量的生理效应(第二报)小麦抽穗后的物质运转及剪叶对千粒重、穗重的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,1959(5):37-39
[26] 苏鹏,李海霞,王杨铭,董中东,任妍,詹克慧,许海霞,程西永.剪叶对豫农202籽粒灌浆与干物质积累的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(8):1107-1111
[27] 刘孝成,赵广才,石书兵,常旭虹,王德梅,陶志强,杨玉双,王美,郭明明,亓振,王雨.肥水调控对冬小麦产量及籽粒蛋白质组分的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(7):1404-1411
[28] 吕冰,范仲卿,常旭虹,王德梅,陶志强,杨玉双,张保军,赵广才.施氮量对2个粒色小麦产量及加工品质的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(6):1192-1199
[2] 赵广才,常旭虹,杨玉双,丰明,马少康,杨桂霞,徐凤娇.不同追施氮肥处理对冬小麦产量和品质的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(3):559-562
[3] 王美,赵广才,石书兵,常旭虹,王德梅,杨玉双,郭明明,张红,张兴卫.氮肥底追比例及施硫对小麦氮素吸收利用的调控[J].核农学报,2017,31(5):954-963
[4] 赵广才,常旭虹,杨玉双,李振华,丰明,马少康,杨桂霞.追氮量对不同品质类型小麦产量和品质的调节效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):859-865
[5] 赵广才,常旭虹,杨玉双,李姗姗,李乃新,张铁恒.基本苗数和底追肥比例对冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质组分的影响[J].核农学报,2008,22(5):712-716
[6] 朱光焕,信迺全,梁德印,赵振英,霍志孝,王大明.冬小麦防止倒伏问题初步研究[J].中国农业科学,1960(1):43-52
[7] 刘万代,尹均,朱高纪.剪叶对不同穗型小麦品种干物质积累及籽粒产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(7):1353-1360
[8] 刘万代,尹均,李磊.剪叶对不同穗型小麦品种光合速率及单茎产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(2):318-322
[9] 刘万代,尹均,王化岑,任向科.两个不同穗型小麦品种对剪叶的反应[J].江西农业学报,2006,18(4):24-27
[10] 蒋纪芸,阎世理,潘世禄,翟允提冬小麦生育后期个体器官间的补偿作用[J].西北农林科技大学学报,1984(1):20-36
[11] 凌启鸿,朱庆森.小麦各叶位叶片对产里形成作用的研究(初报) [J].作物学报,1965,4(3):219-233
[12] 欧行奇,胡海燕,李新华,成立群.剪叶对不同源库类型小麦品种粒重的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2008,28(3):513-517
[13] 崔振会,许有温,陈进忠,杜文山,张学红.冬小麦上部叶片损伤与产量形成的关系[J].作物学报,1984,10(1):24,34
[14] 冯朝章,雨泽高.小麦冠层叶片和芒对产量因素的影响[J].湖北农学院学报,1994,14(1):1-7
[15] 王彬龙,魏艳丽,李瑞国,蒋会利,张安静.开花期剪叶对大穗型小麦品系1642源库协调性的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(6):21-24
[16] 蒋军民,华国怀,徐和钧,计春度.不同剪叶处理对扬麦158灌浆期物质生产及籽粒产量的影响[J].上海农业学报,1999,15(1):83-86
[17] 杨兆生,许红霞,梁文科.小麦叶片、穗、芒对粒重的作用及品种间效应的研究[J].国外农学-麦类作物,1995(4):38-39
[18] 苏佩,蒋纪云,王春虎.小麦蛋白质组分的连续提取分离法及提取时间的选择[J].河南职业技术师范学院学报,1993,21(2):l-4
[19] 王小兵,于美玲,崔国惠,吴晓华,史红飞,李元清.高产优质春小麦新品种-农麦5号[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(9):1325
[20] 段红平,王萝萍,李智敏.云南旱地小麦减源缩库与穗部性状的关系[J].耕作与栽培,2002(4):22-24
[21] 李树凤,索全义,王金莲,陈磊,刘景秀.追氮时期及花后不同光合器官对春小麦籽粒容重的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(3):474-476
[22] 陈旭,刘佳音,江晓东.源库变化对小麦光合作用产物及其产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(32):18005-18006,18018
[23] 索全义,王俊超,高聚林,刘瑞国,高宏艳.不同施肥条件下小麦光合器官对单穗产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(1):116-121
[24] 赵新华,于维汉,于松溪,段祥茂,徐宗进,孟德龙.小麦济南17籽粒灌浆特征分析[J].作物研究,2002(2):57-58
[25] 张邦恕.不同叶位叶对产量的生理效应(第二报)小麦抽穗后的物质运转及剪叶对千粒重、穗重的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,1959(5):37-39
[26] 苏鹏,李海霞,王杨铭,董中东,任妍,詹克慧,许海霞,程西永.剪叶对豫农202籽粒灌浆与干物质积累的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(8):1107-1111
[27] 刘孝成,赵广才,石书兵,常旭虹,王德梅,陶志强,杨玉双,王美,郭明明,亓振,王雨.肥水调控对冬小麦产量及籽粒蛋白质组分的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(7):1404-1411
[28] 吕冰,范仲卿,常旭虹,王德梅,陶志强,杨玉双,张保军,赵广才.施氮量对2个粒色小麦产量及加工品质的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(6):1192-1199