市售食用菌中重金属含量特征及其健康风险评价
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摘要
以保定市市售食用菌为研究对象,采用硝酸-高氯酸消解体系,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定了食用菌中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)的含量,对比分析不同食用菌种类以及不同栽培模式下食用菌中重金属的含量特征,并运用内梅罗综合污染指数法和单因子污染指数法及目标危害系数法评价食用菌重金属污染状况及食用菌对人体的健康风险。结果表明,保定市市售食用菌中重金属的平均含量顺序为Pb(0.28 mg/kg)>As(0.22 mg/kg)>Cd(0.20 mg/kg)>Hg(0.016 mg/kg)。采集的所有样品中有12个样品超标,超标率为17.1%。平菇重金属含量达重度污染水平(P综=3.58),其As平均含量超过标准限值0.62倍,榛蘑、鸡腿菇和香菇中重金属含量均达轻度污染水平,其它食用菌重金属含量均为安全水平。平菇不同部位相比,根部As平均含量比食用部位高4.15倍(P<0.05),其它重金属平均含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。不同栽培模式相比,野生香菇中重金属含量与栽培香菇差异不显著(P>0.05);栽培黑木耳As平均含量比野生黑木耳高8.72倍(P<0.05),其它重金属平均含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。食用菌中的As(TTHQ儿童=2.60,TTHQ成人=1.98)和Cd (TTHQ儿童=2.36,TTHQ成人=1.80)对人体健康构成明显风险,并且儿童摄入食用菌的潜在健康风险高于成人。
The concentrations of lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg) and arsenic(As) in samples of edible mushrooms from Baoding markets were investigated using HNO3/H_2O_2 mixture and measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS).The concentrations characteristics of heavy metals among various species and cultivation patterns of edible mushrooms were analyzed,the characteristics of heavy metals contamination and health risk caused in edible mushrooms by intaking edible mushrooms were assessed with the Nemerow Pollution Index,Single Factor Pollution Index and Target Hazard Quotient methods.Results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals were ranked as follow:Pb(0.28 mg/kg) >As(0.22 mg/kg) >Cd(0.20 mg/kg) >Hg(0.016 mg/kg) in edible mushrooms in Baoding markets.Heavy metal concentrations of 12 samples exceeded the safety limitation,accounting for 17.1% of all the total samples.In addition,the concentrations of heavy metals in Pleurotus ostreatus reached the serious pollution level(the Nemerow Pollution Index is 3.58),with average As concentrations exceeded 0.62 fold of safety limitation.The concentrations of heavy metals in Armillariella mellea,Coprinus comatus and Lentinus edodes all reached the light pollution levels,while other edible mushrooms were safe.The average As concentrations in root of Pleurotus ostreatus was4.15 folds higher than that in shoot(P<0.05),but their was no difference of other heavy metals between root and shoot of Pleurotus ostreatus(P>0.05).There was no difference of heavy metals between wild and cultivated Lentinus edodes(P>0.05),while the average As concentration in cultivated Auricularia auricula was 8.72 folds higher than that in wild Auricularia auricula(P<0.05),but no difference of other heavy metals in cultivated and wild Auricularia auricula(P>0.05).Furthermore,As(the TTHQ of children is 2.60,the TTHQ of adults is 1.98) and Cd(the TTHQ of children is 2.36,the TTHQ of adults is 1.80) are the main heavy metals pollutants in edible mushrooms and presented a significant risk to human health.Potential health risks for children to intake edible mushrooms caused by heavy metals are bigger than adults.
The concentrations of lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg) and arsenic(As) in samples of edible mushrooms from Baoding markets were investigated using HNO3/H_2O_2 mixture and measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS).The concentrations characteristics of heavy metals among various species and cultivation patterns of edible mushrooms were analyzed,the characteristics of heavy metals contamination and health risk caused in edible mushrooms by intaking edible mushrooms were assessed with the Nemerow Pollution Index,Single Factor Pollution Index and Target Hazard Quotient methods.Results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals were ranked as follow:Pb(0.28 mg/kg) >As(0.22 mg/kg) >Cd(0.20 mg/kg) >Hg(0.016 mg/kg) in edible mushrooms in Baoding markets.Heavy metal concentrations of 12 samples exceeded the safety limitation,accounting for 17.1% of all the total samples.In addition,the concentrations of heavy metals in Pleurotus ostreatus reached the serious pollution level(the Nemerow Pollution Index is 3.58),with average As concentrations exceeded 0.62 fold of safety limitation.The concentrations of heavy metals in Armillariella mellea,Coprinus comatus and Lentinus edodes all reached the light pollution levels,while other edible mushrooms were safe.The average As concentrations in root of Pleurotus ostreatus was4.15 folds higher than that in shoot(P<0.05),but their was no difference of other heavy metals between root and shoot of Pleurotus ostreatus(P>0.05).There was no difference of heavy metals between wild and cultivated Lentinus edodes(P>0.05),while the average As concentration in cultivated Auricularia auricula was 8.72 folds higher than that in wild Auricularia auricula(P<0.05),but no difference of other heavy metals in cultivated and wild Auricularia auricula(P>0.05).Furthermore,As(the TTHQ of children is 2.60,the TTHQ of adults is 1.98) and Cd(the TTHQ of children is 2.36,the TTHQ of adults is 1.80) are the main heavy metals pollutants in edible mushrooms and presented a significant risk to human health.Potential health risks for children to intake edible mushrooms caused by heavy metals are bigger than adults.
引文
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[21]李如忠,潘成荣,徐晶晶,等.典型有色金属矿业城市零星菜地蔬菜重金属污染及健康风险评估[J]环境科学,2013,34(3):1076-1085.
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[26]李爽,刘淏田,袁姗姗,等.北京市场常见食用菌重金属含量测定及评价[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(2):584-591.
[27]沈琪.双孢菇废弃菇柄干燥特性及其呈味核苷酸的提取研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2014.
[28]李琼,曾清如.利用螯合剂同时去除土壤中重金属、砷及氟化物的技术研究[J].湖南城市学院学报,2014,23(2):63-66.
[29]ZHANG D,GAO T Y,MA P,et al.Bioaccumulation of heavy metal in wild growing mushrooms from Liangshan Yi nationality autonomous prefecture,China[J].Wuhan University Journal Of Nature Sciences,2008,13(3):267-272.
[30]刘烨潼,陈秋生,张强,等.食用菌重金属污染对人体的健康风险分析[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(2):440-443.
[31]陈丽新,黄卓忠,陈振妮,等.桉树加工剩余物栽培食用菌重金属铅镉含量测定[J].食药用菌,2015,23(4):250-252.
[32]黎志银.食用菌重金属、农药的吸收规律与残留研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.
[33]VETTER J.Arsenic content of some edible mushroom species[J].European Food Research and Technology,2004,1(219):71-74.
[34]林燕奎,王丙涛,颜治,等.食用菌中的总砷和砷形态分布研究[J].食品科技,2012,37(5):295-299.
[2]NNOROM I C,JARZYNSKA G,DREWNOWSKAM,et al.Major and trace elements in sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium(Osu)mushroom-Dietary intake and risk in southeastern Nigeria[J].Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2013,29(1):73-81.
[3]TEL G,GAVDAR H,DEVECI E,et al.Minerals and metals in mushroom species in Anatolia[J].Food Additives and Contaminants,2014,7(3):226-231.
[4]何旭孔,白冰,邢增涛,等.香菇对培养料中镉的富集作用研究[J].食品科学,2013,34(21):183-187.
[5]KALAC P,SVABODA L.A Review of trace element concentrations in edible mushrooms[J].Food Chemistry,2000,69:273-291.
[6]徐丽红,何莎莉,吴应淼,等.姬松茸对有害重金属镉的吸收富集规律及控制技术研究[J].中国食品学报,2010,10(4):152-158.
[7]SOODAN R K,PAKADE Y B,NAGPAL A,et al Analytical techniques for estimation of heavy metals in soil ecosystem:a tabulated review[J].Talanta,2014,125(11):405-410.
[8]林海涛,李琦路,张干,等.中国8个城市大气多溴联苯醚的污染特征及人体暴露水平[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):10-15.
[9]时圣刚.重金属对环境与人体健康影响浅议[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(14):6425-6426.
[10]龚梦丹,朱维琴,顾燕青,等.杭州蔬菜基地重金属污染及风险评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2329-2337.
[11]FANG Y,SUN X Y,YANG W J,et al.Concentrations and health risks of lead,cadmium,arsenic,and mercury in rice and edible mushrooms in China[J].Food Chem,2014,147:147-151.
[12]潘子奇,徐腾,张代均,等.北京市海淀区市售两种食用菌重金属含量检测及部分居民知行调查[J]食品安全质量检测学报,2015,6(6):2361-2367.
[13]邵满超,陈城超,陈康,等.广州市石碑市场食用菌重金属含量及评价[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(23):12673-12675.
[14]文献英,张代友,吴晓红,等.绵阳市2010年市售农产品重金属污染情况分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2013,3(5):436-438.
[15]路畅,杨金玉.河南地区蘑菇的Cu污染状况及富集作用[J].广州化工,2015,43(19):127-129.
[16]李优琴,吴素玲,黄娟,等.江苏市Q场食用菌重金属、农药污染状况及评价[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(6):1391-1394.
[17]GB 2762-2012食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S].
[18]褚卓栋,刘文菊,肖亚兵,等.中草药种植区土壤及草药中重金属含量状况评价[J].环境科学,2010,31(6):1601-1607.
[19]HU W Y,CHEN Y,HUANG B,et al.Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables from a typical greenhouse vegetable production system in China[J].Human Ecological Risk Assessment,2014,20:1264-1280.
[20]CHANG C Y,YU H Y,CHEN J J,et al.Accumulation of heavy metals in leaf vegetables from agricultural soils and associated potential health risks in the Pearl River Delta,South China[J].Environmental Monitoring Assessment,2014,186:1547-1560.
[21]李如忠,潘成荣,徐晶晶,等.典型有色金属矿业城市零星菜地蔬菜重金属污染及健康风险评估[J]环境科学,2013,34(3):1076-1085.
[22]USEPA.Risk-based concentration table[R].Philadelphia PA:United States environmental protection agenc~Washington DC,2000.
[23]United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).Region 9,preliminary remediation goals[EB/OL].(2002)[2015]http://www.epa.gov/region09/waste/sfund/prg.
[24]WHO.Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants[R].Geneva:World Health Organization,1993.
[25]任艳军,马建军.秦皇岛市蔬菜中重金属污染状况及健康风险分析[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(2):79-84.
[26]李爽,刘淏田,袁姗姗,等.北京市场常见食用菌重金属含量测定及评价[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(2):584-591.
[27]沈琪.双孢菇废弃菇柄干燥特性及其呈味核苷酸的提取研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2014.
[28]李琼,曾清如.利用螯合剂同时去除土壤中重金属、砷及氟化物的技术研究[J].湖南城市学院学报,2014,23(2):63-66.
[29]ZHANG D,GAO T Y,MA P,et al.Bioaccumulation of heavy metal in wild growing mushrooms from Liangshan Yi nationality autonomous prefecture,China[J].Wuhan University Journal Of Nature Sciences,2008,13(3):267-272.
[30]刘烨潼,陈秋生,张强,等.食用菌重金属污染对人体的健康风险分析[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(2):440-443.
[31]陈丽新,黄卓忠,陈振妮,等.桉树加工剩余物栽培食用菌重金属铅镉含量测定[J].食药用菌,2015,23(4):250-252.
[32]黎志银.食用菌重金属、农药的吸收规律与残留研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.
[33]VETTER J.Arsenic content of some edible mushroom species[J].European Food Research and Technology,2004,1(219):71-74.
[34]林燕奎,王丙涛,颜治,等.食用菌中的总砷和砷形态分布研究[J].食品科技,2012,37(5):295-299.