针-板电极下SF_6的电晕放电特性分析
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摘要
为研究SF_6气体在针-板电极下电晕放电特性,通过建立SF_6气体电晕放电的流体模型,采用有限元-通量校正传输法(finite element method-flux corrected transport,FEM-FCT)对其进行仿真计算,得到负针-正板电极下电晕放电过程中的电子数密度分布以及空间电荷对电场的畸变作用。在此基础上,提出一种SF_6气体电晕起始电压的数值计算方法,对放电过程进行循环迭代求解,计算SF_6气体在不同气体压强、电极间距下的电晕起始电压。通过脉冲电流法开展SF_6电晕放电特性研究,测量负针-正板电极下电晕起始电压,对计算结果进行验证。研究表明:随着电子崩不断向前发展,其头部的电子数密度迅速增长,当气压为0.1 MPa、5 mm绝缘间隙放电4 ns时的电子数密度峰值达到4.85×1015 m–3;放电过程产生的空间电荷将导致外电场畸变,气压为0.1 MPa、5 mm间隙放电4.4 ns时电场强度最大值为30.7 kV/mm;SF_6电晕起始电压随气体压强升高基本呈线性增长、随间距增大而增长缓慢;针板间距5 mm时,计算值由0.1 MPa时19 kV上升到0.6 MPa时的71.4 kV,实验测量值略低于仿真计算值。
We established and simulated a fluid model of SF_6 gas corona discharge by using the FEM-FCT(finite element method-flux corrected transport) method to analyze the characteristics of SF_6 gas corona discharge. The distribution of electron number density and distortion effect of space charge on the electric field in the corona discharge process under negative pin-positive plate electrodes were obtained. On this basis, a numerical calculating method for the inception voltage of corona discharge in SF_6 gas was proposed. Moreover,the corona inception voltages of SF_6 gas under different gas pressure and electrode spacing were calculated through the loop iteration of discharge processes. The corona inception voltage of negative pin-positive plate electrode was measured and the calculation results were verified by using the pulse current method to study the corona discharge characteristics of SF_6. Study shows that, with the continuous forward development of electron avalanche, the electron density of the head increases rapidly. The electron density peak value is 4.85×1015 m–3 when gas pressure is 0.1 MPa and the 5 mm insulation gap discharge time is 4 ns. The space charge generated in the discharge process will lead to the distortion of the external electric field, and the maximum electric field strength is 30.7 kV/mm when gas pressure is 0.1 MPa and the 5 mm insulation gap discharge time is 4.4 ns. The corona inception voltage of SF_6 increases almost linearly with the increase of gas pressure and increases slowly with the increase of gap. When the pin plate gap is 5 mm, the simulation calculation value increases from 19 kV under 0.1 MPa to 71.4 kV under 0.6 MPa. The experimental values are slightly lower than the simulated values.
We established and simulated a fluid model of SF_6 gas corona discharge by using the FEM-FCT(finite element method-flux corrected transport) method to analyze the characteristics of SF_6 gas corona discharge. The distribution of electron number density and distortion effect of space charge on the electric field in the corona discharge process under negative pin-positive plate electrodes were obtained. On this basis, a numerical calculating method for the inception voltage of corona discharge in SF_6 gas was proposed. Moreover,the corona inception voltages of SF_6 gas under different gas pressure and electrode spacing were calculated through the loop iteration of discharge processes. The corona inception voltage of negative pin-positive plate electrode was measured and the calculation results were verified by using the pulse current method to study the corona discharge characteristics of SF_6. Study shows that, with the continuous forward development of electron avalanche, the electron density of the head increases rapidly. The electron density peak value is 4.85×1015 m–3 when gas pressure is 0.1 MPa and the 5 mm insulation gap discharge time is 4 ns. The space charge generated in the discharge process will lead to the distortion of the external electric field, and the maximum electric field strength is 30.7 kV/mm when gas pressure is 0.1 MPa and the 5 mm insulation gap discharge time is 4.4 ns. The corona inception voltage of SF_6 increases almost linearly with the increase of gas pressure and increases slowly with the increase of gap. When the pin plate gap is 5 mm, the simulation calculation value increases from 19 kV under 0.1 MPa to 71.4 kV under 0.6 MPa. The experimental values are slightly lower than the simulated values.
引文
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[17]李鑫涛,林莘,徐建源,等.基于FEM-FCT法的均匀电场下SF6气体击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3046-3053.LI Xintao,LIN Xin,XU Jianyuan,et al.Breakdown characteristics of SF6 in uniform electric field using FEM-FCT[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3046-3053.
[18]李军浩,车斌,韩旭涛,等.特高压气体绝缘组合开关设备现场冲击耐压试验及局部放电测量[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3659-3665.LI Junhao,CHE Bin,HAN Xutao,et al.Field impulse withstand test and partial discharge detection for ultra high voltage gas insulated switchgear equipment[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3659-3365.
[19]邓云坤,马仪,陈先富,等.CF3I-N2混合气体在稍不均匀和极不均匀电场中的工频击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):754-764.DENG Yunkun,MA Yi,CHEN Xianfu,et al.AC breakdown characteristics of CF3I-N2 gas mixtures in condition of quasi-homogeneous and extremely non-uniform electric field[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):754-764.
[2]李庆民,刘思华,王健,等.直流气体绝缘线路中自由金属微粒的局部放电特性与影响因素[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):367-374.LI Qingmin,LIU Sihua,WANG Jian,et al.Characteristics of partial discharges caused by free metal particle and influencing factors in DCGas insulated line[J].High Voltage Engineering,43(2):367-374.
[3]张晓星,胡雄雄,肖焓艳.介质阻挡放电等离子体降解SF6的实验与仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2455-2465.ZHANG Xiaoxing,HU Xiongxiong,XIAO Hanyan.Experimental and simulation study on degradation of SF6 by dielectric barrier discharge plasma[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,37(8):2455-2465.
[4]LIU Y Y,HE F,ZHAO X F.Evolution of striation in pulsed glow discharges[J].Plasma Science and Technology,2016,18(1):30-34.
[5]汪沨,李敏,李锰,等.基于ETG-通量校正传输法的短间隙SF6/N2混合气体流注放电数值仿真[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(6):234-241.WANG Feng,LI Min,LI Meng,et al.Numerical simulation of short gap streamer discharge in SF6/N2 gas mixtures based on Euler-Taylor-Galerkin-Flux corrected transport method[J].Transactions of China Electro-technical Society,2016,31(6):234-241.
[6]王辉辉.PEC-MCC方法及其在气体放电中的应用研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2016.WANG Huihui.PIC/MCC method and its applications in gas discharges[D].Chengdu,China:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2016.
[7]李少华,邓杰文,陈奇成,等.电除尘内阴极线负电晕放电特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):526-532.LI Shaohua,DENG Jiewen,CHEN Qicheng,et al.Cathode line negative corona discharges characteristics in ESP[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(2):526-532.
[8]郑跃胜,钟小燕,缪希仁,等.极性反转下低密度聚乙烯空间电荷动态特性的数值模拟[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):385-390.ZHENG Yuesheng,ZHONG Xiaoyan,MIAO Xiren,et al.Numerical simulations of dynamic space charge characteristics in low density polyethylene under polarity reversal[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(2):385-390.
[9]姚聪伟,马恒驰,常正实,等.大气压介质阻挡辉光放电脉冲的阴极位降区特性及其影响因素的数值仿真[J].物理学报,2017,66(2):2031-2042.YAO Congwei,MA Hengchi,CHANG Zhengshi,et al.Simulations of the cathode falling characteristics and its influence factors in atmospheric pressure dielectric[J].Atca Physica Sinica,2017,66(2):2031-2042.
[10]丁宁.电极覆盖SF6短间隙放电特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2016.DING Ning.Study on discharge behaviors of short SF6 gap with dielectric-covered electrodes[D].Harbin,China:Harbin University of Science and Technology,2016.
[11]梁勇敢.同轴网格空心阴极辉光放电等离子体的实验与仿真研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.LING Yonggan.Experiment and simulation research on the coaxial gridded hollow cathode glow discharge plasma[D].Harbin,China:Harbin Institute of Technology,2016.
[12]WATANABE N,KOLDITZ O.Numerical stability analysis of two-dimensional solute transport along a discrete fracture in a porous rock matrix[J].Water Resources Research,2015,51(7):5855-5868.
[13]蔡新景,王新新,邹晓兵,等.基于Helmholtz模型的流注放电过程光电离快速计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(1):240-246.CAI Xinjing,WANG Xinxin,ZOU Xiaobing,et al.Fast computation of photoionization in streamer discharges based on Helmholtz model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(1):240-246.
[14]林莘,李鑫涛,徐建源,等.均匀电场下SF6气体击穿电压的数值计算及光谱实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,36(1):301-309.LIN Xin,LI Xintao,XU Jianyuan,et al.Research on numerical computation of SF6 breakdown voltages and spectral experiment in uniform electric fields[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,36(1):301-309.
[15]李敏,汪沨,许松枝,等.基于分形理论的SF6/N2混合气体放电仿真[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(24):88-95.LI Min,WANG Feng,XU Songzhi,et al.Simulation of discharge in SF6/N2 gas mixtures based on fractal theory[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(24):88-95.
[16]LOHNER R,MORGAN K,PERAIRE J,et al.Finite element flux-corrected transport for the Euler and navier-stokes equation[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluid,1987,7(10):1093-1109.
[17]李鑫涛,林莘,徐建源,等.基于FEM-FCT法的均匀电场下SF6气体击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3046-3053.LI Xintao,LIN Xin,XU Jianyuan,et al.Breakdown characteristics of SF6 in uniform electric field using FEM-FCT[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3046-3053.
[18]李军浩,车斌,韩旭涛,等.特高压气体绝缘组合开关设备现场冲击耐压试验及局部放电测量[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3659-3665.LI Junhao,CHE Bin,HAN Xutao,et al.Field impulse withstand test and partial discharge detection for ultra high voltage gas insulated switchgear equipment[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3659-3365.
[19]邓云坤,马仪,陈先富,等.CF3I-N2混合气体在稍不均匀和极不均匀电场中的工频击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):754-764.DENG Yunkun,MA Yi,CHEN Xianfu,et al.AC breakdown characteristics of CF3I-N2 gas mixtures in condition of quasi-homogeneous and extremely non-uniform electric field[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):754-764.