养殖密度对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼行为活动和生长性能的影响
|
摘要
【目的】研究不同养殖密度对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼摄食行为、生长及血液生化指标的影响,为工厂化养殖珍珠龙胆石斑鱼提供参考依据。【方法】在工厂化条件下,设60、100和140尾/m~3 3种养殖密度,养殖周期50 d,记录珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的摄食行为,并测定其生长性能及血液生化指标。【结果】在摄食行为方面,随养殖时间的延长和养殖密度的增加,珍珠龙胆石斑幼鱼摄食形态基本遵循圆锥形—碗形—团形—平铺形的变化规律;随着养殖密度的增加,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼分布在上层摄食比例逐渐降低,对应的平均摄食比例分别为80.0%、72.0%和66.7%,其在摄食等级1所占比例也逐渐降低,分别为82.7%、73.3%和64.0%。在生长性能方面,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的平均增重、日增重、饵料转化率和生长效率等4项指标随养殖密度的增加而逐渐下降,饵料系数则随养殖密度的增加呈上升趋势,组间差异均达显著水平(P<0.05,下同);体长、全长、增重率、增长率、特定生长率和存活率等6项指标受养殖密度的影响均未达显著水平(P>0.05,下同)。在血液生化指标方面,随着养殖密度的增加,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼白细胞含量呈逐渐上升趋势,而葡萄糖含量无明显变化,组间差异均不显著。综合各项指标,以养殖密度为100尾/m~3的效果最佳。【结论】养殖密度过低或过高均不利于珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长,工厂化养殖珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的适宜密度为100尾/m~3,既能保障其健康生长,降低生产成本,又可获得理想的经济效益。
【Objective】Effects of stocking density on ingestion behavior, growth, blood physiological and biochemical indexes of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂ were evaluated to provide reference for its breeding under industrial conditions. 【Method】Under industrial conditions, three stocking densities 60, 100 and 140 ind/m~3 were set, and the breeding cycle was 50 d. Ingestion behavior of E. fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂ was recorded, and its growth performance and blood physiological and biochemical indexes were measured. 【Result】In terms of ingestion behavior, as breeding cycle extended and stocking density increased, the ingestion patterns of juvenile E. fuscoguttatus ♀ ×E. lanceolatus ♂showed a certain regularity, and basically followed cone-calathiform-agglomeration-tiling type. With increase of stocking density, the proportion of E. fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂ in upper layer of ingestion gradually reduced and the corresponding average ingestion rates were 80.0%(60 ind/m~3), 72.0%(100 ind/m~3) and 66.7%(140 ind/m~3). In addition, the proportion of ingestion level 1 also gradually reduced and the average proportions were 82.7%(60 ind/m~3), 73.3%(100 ind/m~3)and 64.0%(140 ind/m~3). In growth performance, average weight gain, daily weight gain, feed conversion rate and growth efficiency declined with the increase of stocking density; feed coefficient increased as stocking density increased, the differences between groups were significant(P<0.05, the same below). But effects of stocking density on body length, whole length, weight gain rate, growth rate, specific growth rate and survival rate did not reach significant level(P>0.05, the same below). In terms of blood biochemical indicators, with the increase of stocking density, white blood cell content of E.fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂ rose, but glucose content remained stable. There was no significant difference between groups. Taking all the indxes into consideration, 100 ind/m~3 was the optimal stocking density. 【Conclusion】Excessively low density or high stocking density are not beneficial for growth of E. fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂, the optimum breeding density was 100 ind/m~3 for its breeding under industrial conditions. This stocking density can ensure the healthy growth of E. fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂, reduce production costs, and obtain desired economic benefits.
【Objective】Effects of stocking density on ingestion behavior, growth, blood physiological and biochemical indexes of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂ were evaluated to provide reference for its breeding under industrial conditions. 【Method】Under industrial conditions, three stocking densities 60, 100 and 140 ind/m~3 were set, and the breeding cycle was 50 d. Ingestion behavior of E. fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂ was recorded, and its growth performance and blood physiological and biochemical indexes were measured. 【Result】In terms of ingestion behavior, as breeding cycle extended and stocking density increased, the ingestion patterns of juvenile E. fuscoguttatus ♀ ×E. lanceolatus ♂showed a certain regularity, and basically followed cone-calathiform-agglomeration-tiling type. With increase of stocking density, the proportion of E. fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂ in upper layer of ingestion gradually reduced and the corresponding average ingestion rates were 80.0%(60 ind/m~3), 72.0%(100 ind/m~3) and 66.7%(140 ind/m~3). In addition, the proportion of ingestion level 1 also gradually reduced and the average proportions were 82.7%(60 ind/m~3), 73.3%(100 ind/m~3)and 64.0%(140 ind/m~3). In growth performance, average weight gain, daily weight gain, feed conversion rate and growth efficiency declined with the increase of stocking density; feed coefficient increased as stocking density increased, the differences between groups were significant(P<0.05, the same below). But effects of stocking density on body length, whole length, weight gain rate, growth rate, specific growth rate and survival rate did not reach significant level(P>0.05, the same below). In terms of blood biochemical indicators, with the increase of stocking density, white blood cell content of E.fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂ rose, but glucose content remained stable. There was no significant difference between groups. Taking all the indxes into consideration, 100 ind/m~3 was the optimal stocking density. 【Conclusion】Excessively low density or high stocking density are not beneficial for growth of E. fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂, the optimum breeding density was 100 ind/m~3 for its breeding under industrial conditions. This stocking density can ensure the healthy growth of E. fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂, reduce production costs, and obtain desired economic benefits.
引文
白庆利,于洪贤,张玉勇,贾志英,尹家胜,包玉龙,李建兴.2009.养殖密度对哲罗鱼稚鱼生长和存活的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,37(2):63-64.[Bai Q L,Yu H X,Zhang Y Y,Jia Z Y,Yin J S,Bao Y L,Li J X.2009.Effects of stocking density on growth and survival of juvenile Hucho taimen during domestication[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,37(2):63-64.]
丁厚猛,李吉方,温海深,刘群,倪萌,张墨,步艳,任源远,宋志飞.2015.放养密度对西伯利亚杂交鲟摄食、生长以及肌肉组分的影响[J].海洋湖沼学报,(1):79-84.[Ding H M,Li J F,Wen H S,Liu Q,Ni M,Zhang M,Bu Y,Ren Y Y,Song Z F.2015.Effects of stocking density on feeding,growth and muscle component in Siberia hybrid sturgeon[J].Transcations of Oceanology and Limnology,(1):79-84.]
江仁党.2009.放养密度对虹鳟稚鱼生长的影响[J].水产学杂志,22(4):31-33.[Jiang R D.2009.Effect of stocking density on growth of Rainbow trout Juvenile[J].Chinese Journal Fisheries,22(4):31-33.]
李大鹏,庄平,严安生,王明学,章龙珍.2004.光照、水流和养殖密度对史氏鲟稚鱼摄食、行为和生长的影响[J].水产学报,28(1):54-61.[Li D P,Zhuang P,Yan A S,Wang MX,Zhang L Z.2004.The infiuences of illumination,water current and stocking density on feeding,behavior and growth of juvenile Acipenser schrenckii[J].Journal of Fisheries China,28(1):54-61.]
李国聪,陈刚,黄建盛,张健东,周晖,施纲,潘传豪,汤保贵,王忠良.2015.照度对龙虎斑幼鱼行为活动的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,35(1):43-50.[Li G C,Chen G,Huang JS,Zhang J D,Zhou H,Shi G,Pan C H,Tang B G,Wang ZL.2015.Effect of light intensity on activities in the juvenile hybridized grouper of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,35(1):43-50.]
梁华芳,黄东科,吴耀华,王成桂,钟卫军.2013.温度和盐度对龙虎斑存活与摄食的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,33(4):22-26.[Liang H F,Huang D K,Wu Y H,Wang C G,Zhong W J.2013.Effects of temperature and salinity on survival and food intake of grouper hybrid(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×E.Fuscoguttatus♀)[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,33(4):22-26.]
逯尚尉,刘兆普,余燕.2011.密度胁迫对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长、代谢的影响[J].中国水产科学,18(2):322-328.[Lu S W,Liu Z P,Yu Y.2011.Effects of density stress on growth and metabolism of juvenile Epinephelus malabaricus[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,18(2):322-328.]
薛家华,张家国,师吉华,苏联芳,樊继梅,田功太.1995.不同生态环境内鲤的几项血液指标的比较[J].上海水产大学学报,4(2):112-117.[Xue J H,Zhang J G,Shi J H,Su LF,Fan J M,Tian G T.1995.The comparison of hematological indices of common carp in different ecological environment[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,4(2):112-117.]
于淼.2005.拥挤胁迫对鲤生长和生理指标的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学.[Yu M.2005.Effects of crowding stress on growth and physiological parameters of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.]
张墨,李吉方,温海深,步艳,倪萌,任源远,来长青,刘传忠.2014.放养密度对大杂交鲟大规格鱼种血液生理生化指标的影响[J].海洋湖沼通报,(2):67-72.[Zhang M,Li JF,Wen H S,Bu Y,Ni M,Ren Y Y,Lai C Q,Liu C Z.2014.Effects of stocking density on bloodphysiological and serum biochemistry indicators of hybrid sturgeon[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,(2):67-72.]
张庆阳,李小进,闫杰,王超,董志航,刘瑞娟,王香丽.2015.养殖密度对龙纹斑幼鱼生长的影响[J].水产养殖,36(4):34-39.[Zhang Q Y,Li X J,Yan J,Wang C,Dong Z H,Liu R J,Wang X L.2015.Effect of stocking density on growth,survival and behavior of juvenile Murray cod[J].Journal of Aquaculture,36(4):34-39.]
张曦文,吴垠,贺茹靖,苏延明,刘琦.2012.循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对青石斑鱼生长及生理指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,27(6):518-522.[Zhang X W,Wu Y,He R J,Su Y M,Liu Q.2012.Effects of stocking density on growth and physiological indices of grouper Epinephelus awoara in recirculating aquaculture[J].Journal of Dalian O-cean University,27(6):518-522.]
张永泉,尹家胜,王丙乾,刘奕,李永发,李建兴,白庆利.2009.养殖密度对白点鲑幼鱼生长、存活以及行为的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,24(6):520-524.[Zhang Y Q,Yin JS,Wang B Q,Liu Y,Li Y F,Li J X,Bai Q L.2009.Effects of stocking density on growth,survival and behavior of juvenile siberian charr Salvelinus leucomaenis[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,24(6):520-524.]
郑乐云,杨求华,黄种特,吴精灵,陈新明.2013.循环水养殖密度和氨氮对斜带石斑鱼生长和免疫力的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,22(5):706-712.[Zheng L Y,Yang Q H,Huang Z T,Wu J L,Chen X M.2013.Effect of the breeding density and ammonia-nitrogen on growth and immunity of Epinephelus coioides in recirculating system[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,22(5):706-712.]
Fagerlund U H M,Mc Bride J R,Stone E T.1981.Stress-related effects of hatchery rearing density on coho salmon[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,110(5):644-649.
丁厚猛,李吉方,温海深,刘群,倪萌,张墨,步艳,任源远,宋志飞.2015.放养密度对西伯利亚杂交鲟摄食、生长以及肌肉组分的影响[J].海洋湖沼学报,(1):79-84.[Ding H M,Li J F,Wen H S,Liu Q,Ni M,Zhang M,Bu Y,Ren Y Y,Song Z F.2015.Effects of stocking density on feeding,growth and muscle component in Siberia hybrid sturgeon[J].Transcations of Oceanology and Limnology,(1):79-84.]
江仁党.2009.放养密度对虹鳟稚鱼生长的影响[J].水产学杂志,22(4):31-33.[Jiang R D.2009.Effect of stocking density on growth of Rainbow trout Juvenile[J].Chinese Journal Fisheries,22(4):31-33.]
李大鹏,庄平,严安生,王明学,章龙珍.2004.光照、水流和养殖密度对史氏鲟稚鱼摄食、行为和生长的影响[J].水产学报,28(1):54-61.[Li D P,Zhuang P,Yan A S,Wang MX,Zhang L Z.2004.The infiuences of illumination,water current and stocking density on feeding,behavior and growth of juvenile Acipenser schrenckii[J].Journal of Fisheries China,28(1):54-61.]
李国聪,陈刚,黄建盛,张健东,周晖,施纲,潘传豪,汤保贵,王忠良.2015.照度对龙虎斑幼鱼行为活动的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,35(1):43-50.[Li G C,Chen G,Huang JS,Zhang J D,Zhou H,Shi G,Pan C H,Tang B G,Wang ZL.2015.Effect of light intensity on activities in the juvenile hybridized grouper of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,35(1):43-50.]
梁华芳,黄东科,吴耀华,王成桂,钟卫军.2013.温度和盐度对龙虎斑存活与摄食的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,33(4):22-26.[Liang H F,Huang D K,Wu Y H,Wang C G,Zhong W J.2013.Effects of temperature and salinity on survival and food intake of grouper hybrid(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×E.Fuscoguttatus♀)[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,33(4):22-26.]
逯尚尉,刘兆普,余燕.2011.密度胁迫对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长、代谢的影响[J].中国水产科学,18(2):322-328.[Lu S W,Liu Z P,Yu Y.2011.Effects of density stress on growth and metabolism of juvenile Epinephelus malabaricus[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,18(2):322-328.]
薛家华,张家国,师吉华,苏联芳,樊继梅,田功太.1995.不同生态环境内鲤的几项血液指标的比较[J].上海水产大学学报,4(2):112-117.[Xue J H,Zhang J G,Shi J H,Su LF,Fan J M,Tian G T.1995.The comparison of hematological indices of common carp in different ecological environment[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,4(2):112-117.]
于淼.2005.拥挤胁迫对鲤生长和生理指标的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学.[Yu M.2005.Effects of crowding stress on growth and physiological parameters of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.]
张墨,李吉方,温海深,步艳,倪萌,任源远,来长青,刘传忠.2014.放养密度对大杂交鲟大规格鱼种血液生理生化指标的影响[J].海洋湖沼通报,(2):67-72.[Zhang M,Li JF,Wen H S,Bu Y,Ni M,Ren Y Y,Lai C Q,Liu C Z.2014.Effects of stocking density on bloodphysiological and serum biochemistry indicators of hybrid sturgeon[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,(2):67-72.]
张庆阳,李小进,闫杰,王超,董志航,刘瑞娟,王香丽.2015.养殖密度对龙纹斑幼鱼生长的影响[J].水产养殖,36(4):34-39.[Zhang Q Y,Li X J,Yan J,Wang C,Dong Z H,Liu R J,Wang X L.2015.Effect of stocking density on growth,survival and behavior of juvenile Murray cod[J].Journal of Aquaculture,36(4):34-39.]
张曦文,吴垠,贺茹靖,苏延明,刘琦.2012.循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对青石斑鱼生长及生理指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,27(6):518-522.[Zhang X W,Wu Y,He R J,Su Y M,Liu Q.2012.Effects of stocking density on growth and physiological indices of grouper Epinephelus awoara in recirculating aquaculture[J].Journal of Dalian O-cean University,27(6):518-522.]
张永泉,尹家胜,王丙乾,刘奕,李永发,李建兴,白庆利.2009.养殖密度对白点鲑幼鱼生长、存活以及行为的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,24(6):520-524.[Zhang Y Q,Yin JS,Wang B Q,Liu Y,Li Y F,Li J X,Bai Q L.2009.Effects of stocking density on growth,survival and behavior of juvenile siberian charr Salvelinus leucomaenis[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,24(6):520-524.]
郑乐云,杨求华,黄种特,吴精灵,陈新明.2013.循环水养殖密度和氨氮对斜带石斑鱼生长和免疫力的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,22(5):706-712.[Zheng L Y,Yang Q H,Huang Z T,Wu J L,Chen X M.2013.Effect of the breeding density and ammonia-nitrogen on growth and immunity of Epinephelus coioides in recirculating system[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,22(5):706-712.]
Fagerlund U H M,Mc Bride J R,Stone E T.1981.Stress-related effects of hatchery rearing density on coho salmon[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,110(5):644-649.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |