江蓠、浒苔、藻渣和菌渣替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、血清和肝脏生化指标、体组成和肠道组织结构的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究江蓠、浒苔、藻渣和菌渣替代饲料中鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、血清和肝脏生化指标、体组成和肠道组织结构的影响。试验共制成5种等氮等脂的饲料,首先配制含60%鱼粉的基础饲料(鱼粉组,作为对照组),然后分别将10%的江蓠、浒苔、藻渣、菌渣与植物蛋白质(谷朊粉、玉米蛋白粉和豆粕)配合后替代基础饲料中35%的鱼粉,投喂初始体重为(16.00±0.11)g的大菱鲆幼鱼77 d。结果表明:1)江蓠、藻渣和菌渣组的增重率、特定生长率与鱼粉组无显著差异(P>0.05),浒苔组则显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05);江蓠和鱼粉组的饲料效率无显著差异(P>0.05),二者均显著高于浒苔、藻渣、菌渣组(P<0.05);鱼粉组的蛋白质沉积率显著高于浒苔、藻渣、菌渣组(P<0.05),与江蓠组无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)江蓠、浒苔组的鱼体粗蛋白质含量显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05),藻渣、菌渣组的鱼体粗脂肪含量显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05);江蓠、浒苔、藻渣和菌渣组肌肉中组氨酸和牛磺酸含量显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05),浒苔和藻渣组肌肉中赖氨酸含量显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05);各组血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性和肝脏谷草转氨酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),鱼粉组肝脏谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于江蓠和菌渣组(P<0.05),与浒苔和藻渣组无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)菌渣组的前肠和中肠皱襞高度显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05),藻渣组的前肠皱襞高度显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05),各组前肠和中肠微绒毛高度无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合来看,将10%江蓠、藻渣和菌渣与植物蛋白质配合后替代饲料中35%的鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能无不良影响,并且藻渣和菌渣对大菱鲆幼鱼的肠道组织结构有改善作用。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fish meal replacement by Gracilaria verrucosa,Enteromorpha prolifera,algae residue and fungi residue on growth performance,serum and liver biochemical indices,body composition and intestinal histological morphology of juvenile turbot( Scophthalmus maximus L.). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with a basal diet containing60% fish meal as the control group( fish meal group),and other four diets with 35% fish meal replaced by 10% Gracilaria verrucosa,Enteromorpha prolifera,algae residue or fungi residue and vegetables protein( wheat gluten,corn gluten meal and soybean meal),and they were named as FM,JL,HT,ZZ and JZ groups. Each diet was fed to three replicates of 25 juvenile turbot with an initial body weight of( 16. 00 ±0.11) g for 77 d. The results showed as follows: 1) the weight gain rate( WGR) and special growth ratio( SGR) of JL,ZZ and JZ groups were not significantly different compared with FM group( P> 0.05). The WGR and SGR of HT group were significantly lower than those of FM group( P<0.05). The feed efficiency ratio( FER) of JL and FM groups was not significantly different( P>0.05),but it in JL and FM groups were significantly higher than that of HT,ZZ and JZ groups( P<0.05). The protein productive value( PPV) of FM group was significantly higher than that of HT,ZZ and JZ groups( P>0.05),but had no significant difference compared with JL group( P>0.05). 2) Crude protein content in whole body of JL and HT groups was significantly lower than that of FM group( P<0.05). And crude lipid content in whole body of ZZ and JZ groups was significantly higher than that of FM group( P<0.05). The contents of histidine and taurine in muscle of JL,HT,ZZ and JZ groups were significantly lower than those of FM group( P<0.05),and the content of lysine in muscle of HT and ZZ groups was significantly lower than that of FM group( P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase( GPT),serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase( GOT) and liver GOT( P>0.05). The activity of liver GPT of FM group was significantly higher than that of JL and JZ groups( P<0.05),but had no significant differences compared with HT and ZZ groups( P>0.05). 3) The mucosal fold height of foregut and midgut of JZ group was significantly higher than that of FM group( P<0.05). The mucosal fold height of foregut of ZZ group was significantly higher than that of FM group( P<0.05). No significant differences were found in microvillus height of foregut and midgut among different groups( P>0.05). Above results show that replaced 35% fish meal with 10% Gracilaria verrucosa,algae residue or fungi residue and vegetable proteins have no adverse effect on the growth performance of juvenile turbot,and the algae residue and fungi residue can improve the development of intestinal histological morphology.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fish meal replacement by Gracilaria verrucosa,Enteromorpha prolifera,algae residue and fungi residue on growth performance,serum and liver biochemical indices,body composition and intestinal histological morphology of juvenile turbot( Scophthalmus maximus L.). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with a basal diet containing60% fish meal as the control group( fish meal group),and other four diets with 35% fish meal replaced by 10% Gracilaria verrucosa,Enteromorpha prolifera,algae residue or fungi residue and vegetables protein( wheat gluten,corn gluten meal and soybean meal),and they were named as FM,JL,HT,ZZ and JZ groups. Each diet was fed to three replicates of 25 juvenile turbot with an initial body weight of( 16. 00 ±0.11) g for 77 d. The results showed as follows: 1) the weight gain rate( WGR) and special growth ratio( SGR) of JL,ZZ and JZ groups were not significantly different compared with FM group( P> 0.05). The WGR and SGR of HT group were significantly lower than those of FM group( P<0.05). The feed efficiency ratio( FER) of JL and FM groups was not significantly different( P>0.05),but it in JL and FM groups were significantly higher than that of HT,ZZ and JZ groups( P<0.05). The protein productive value( PPV) of FM group was significantly higher than that of HT,ZZ and JZ groups( P>0.05),but had no significant difference compared with JL group( P>0.05). 2) Crude protein content in whole body of JL and HT groups was significantly lower than that of FM group( P<0.05). And crude lipid content in whole body of ZZ and JZ groups was significantly higher than that of FM group( P<0.05). The contents of histidine and taurine in muscle of JL,HT,ZZ and JZ groups were significantly lower than those of FM group( P<0.05),and the content of lysine in muscle of HT and ZZ groups was significantly lower than that of FM group( P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase( GPT),serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase( GOT) and liver GOT( P>0.05). The activity of liver GPT of FM group was significantly higher than that of JL and JZ groups( P<0.05),but had no significant differences compared with HT and ZZ groups( P>0.05). 3) The mucosal fold height of foregut and midgut of JZ group was significantly higher than that of FM group( P<0.05). The mucosal fold height of foregut of ZZ group was significantly higher than that of FM group( P<0.05). No significant differences were found in microvillus height of foregut and midgut among different groups( P>0.05). Above results show that replaced 35% fish meal with 10% Gracilaria verrucosa,algae residue or fungi residue and vegetable proteins have no adverse effect on the growth performance of juvenile turbot,and the algae residue and fungi residue can improve the development of intestinal histological morphology.
引文
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[2]SHIMENO S,MIMA T,IMANAGA T,et al.Inclusion of combination of defatted soybean meal,meat meal,and corn gluten meal to yellowtail diets[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1993,59(11):1889-1895.
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[4]EUSEBIO P S,COLOSO R M.Nutritional evaluation of various plant protein sources in diets for Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2010,16(2):56-60.
[5]MILLAMENA O M.Replacement of fish meal by animal by-product meals in a practical diet for grow-out culture of grouper Epinephelus coioides[J].Aquaculture,2002,204(1/2):75-84.
[6]赵晓丹.食物抗营养因子[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2015.
[7]常巧玲,孙建义.海藻饲料资源及其在水产养殖中的应用研究[J].饲料工业,2006,27(2):62-64.
[8]李人光,姜永新,姜瑞勇,等.大型海藻作为饲料的综合利用技术[J].科学养鱼,2009(1):64-65.
[9]NORAMBUENA F,HERMON K,SKRZYPCZYK V,et al.Algae in fish feed:performances and fatty acid metabolism in juvenile Atlantic salmon[J].PLoS One,2015,10(4):e0124042.
[10]WASSEF E A,EL-SAYED A F M,KANDEEL K M,et al.Evaluation of Pterocladia Rhodophyta and Ulva Chlorophyta meals as additives to gilthead seabream Sparus aurata diets[J].Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research,2005,31:321-332.
[11]李雅婷,陈明,曾帅霖,等.饲料中添加龙须菜对眼斑拟石首鱼生长、脂肪酸组成、免疫及肠道的影响[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(1):85-93.
[12]周胜强,游翠红,王树启,等.饲料中添加浒苔对黄斑蓝子鱼生长性能与生理生化指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(6):1257-1265.
[13]苏延明,蔡学新,孙俭,等.用几种饲料原料饲喂中间球海胆稚胆的效果[J].大连海洋大学学报,2008,23(3):242-246.
[14]杨维维,刘文斌,沈美芳,等.海带粉对克氏原螯虾生长、非特异性免疫和肝胰脏抗氧化能力的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(1):40-44.
[15]许凤清,吴皓.海带多糖的研究进展[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2005,12(6):106-108.
[16]林建斌,梁萍,朱庆国,等.海带多糖对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能和免疫力的影响[J].福建农业学报,2017,32(1):17-21.
[17]杨晴,杨锐,周歧存,等.褐藻糖胶对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能和消化酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(7):1880-1887.
[18]邹仕庚,陶正国,许毅.DMPT在水产动物营养中的应用[J].广东饲料,2005,14(3):34-35.
[19]王亮.部分大型海藻DMSP含量的检测[D].硕士学位论文.苏州:苏州大学,2012.
[20]高春生,范光丽,王艳玲.牛磺酸对黄河鲤鱼生长性能和消化酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(6):645-647.
[21]DAY O J,GONZLEZ H G P.Soybean protein concentrate as a protein source for turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,6(4):221-228.
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