土壤深耕与秸秆还田对土壤物理性状及烟叶产质量的影响
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摘要
为探明江西典型植烟区适宜耕作方式,改善烟区土壤理化性质,在稻烟轮作区开展田间试验研究深耕对土壤物理性状、烤烟生长与烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明,在5～10 cm土层,秸秆还田显著降低了土壤容重、增加了土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙和通气孔隙;在20～25 cm土层,深耕和秸秆还田均显著降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤通气孔隙。深耕显著降低了土壤的贯穿阻力,秸秆还田通过增加5～10 cm土层≥2 mm团聚体的含量进而增加了土壤大团聚体的比例。深耕和秸秆还田均能提高烟株根茎叶的干物质量、促进其对氮磷钾的吸收,以深耕处理与深耕+秸秆还田处理效果更显著。深耕和秸秆还田显著提高了烟叶产量、产值和烟叶评吸总分。利用圆盘犁深耕土壤结合水稻秸秆还田是改良植烟土壤、提高烟叶产质量的可行技术措施。
In order to find out the suitable tillage methods in Jiangxi typical tobacco-growing areas, and to improve the soil physical and chemical properties in tobacco-producing areas, a field trial was carried out in the rice-tobacco rotation area of Jiangxi Province.The results showed that in the 5-10 cm soil layer, straw returning significantly reduced soil bulk density, increased soil total porosity,capillary porosity and aeration porosity; in the 20-25 cm soil layer, deep tillage and straw returning significantly reduced soil bulk density and significantly increased soil aeration porosity. Deep tillage significantly reduced the penetration resistance of the soil and straw returning to the field increased the proportion of large aggregates of soil by increasing the content of aggregates ≥2 mm in 5-10 cm soil layer. Deep tillage and straw returning increased the dry matter content of tobacco root, stem and leaf, and promoted the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The effects of deep tillage and deep tillage combined with straw returning were more significant than the other treatments. Deep tillage and straw returning significantly increased tobacco yield, output value and total tobacco smoking score. In Jiangxi Province, it is a feasible technical measure to improve tobacco planting soil and tobacco yield and quality by deep ploughing soil with disk plow combined with rice straw returning.
In order to find out the suitable tillage methods in Jiangxi typical tobacco-growing areas, and to improve the soil physical and chemical properties in tobacco-producing areas, a field trial was carried out in the rice-tobacco rotation area of Jiangxi Province.The results showed that in the 5-10 cm soil layer, straw returning significantly reduced soil bulk density, increased soil total porosity,capillary porosity and aeration porosity; in the 20-25 cm soil layer, deep tillage and straw returning significantly reduced soil bulk density and significantly increased soil aeration porosity. Deep tillage significantly reduced the penetration resistance of the soil and straw returning to the field increased the proportion of large aggregates of soil by increasing the content of aggregates ≥2 mm in 5-10 cm soil layer. Deep tillage and straw returning increased the dry matter content of tobacco root, stem and leaf, and promoted the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The effects of deep tillage and deep tillage combined with straw returning were more significant than the other treatments. Deep tillage and straw returning significantly increased tobacco yield, output value and total tobacco smoking score. In Jiangxi Province, it is a feasible technical measure to improve tobacco planting soil and tobacco yield and quality by deep ploughing soil with disk plow combined with rice straw returning.
引文
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[21]孔晓民,韩成卫,曾苏明,等.不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(1):108-113.SUN X M,HAN C W,ZENG S M,et al.Effects of different tillage managements on soil physical properties and maize yield[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2014,22(1):108-113.
[22]吕巨智,程伟东,钟昌松,等.不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(30):38-43.LYU J Z,CHENG W D,ZHONG C S,et al.Effects of different cultivation methods on the soil physical properties and yield of maize[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(30):38-43.
[23]田慎重,王瑜,李娜,等.耕作方式和秸秆还田对华北地区农田土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7116-7124.TIAN S Z,WANG Y LI N,et al.Effects of different tillage and straw systems on soil water-stable aggregate distribution and stability in the North China Plain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(22):7116-7124.
[24]石磊,朴世领,沈丽,等.不同耕作方式对烤烟生长及内在品质的影响[J].延边大学农学学报,2010,32(2):100-105.SHI L,PU S L,SHEN L,et al.Effects of different tillage methods on growth and intrinsic quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Agricultural Science Journal of Yanbian University,2010,32(2):100-105.
[25]李浩,高鹏.耕层深度与土壤改良对作物产量及土壤特性的影响[J].水土保持应用技术,2010(6):1-3.LI H,GAO P.Effects of tillage depth and soil improvement on crop yield and soil characteristics[J].Technology of Soil and Water Conservation,2010(6):1-3.
[26]孔凡磊,袁继超,张海林,等.耕作方式对华北两熟区冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(9):1612-1618.KONG F L,YUAN J C,ZHANG H L,et al.Effect of tillage practice on growth and development and yield of winter wheat in double cropping area in north china.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(9):1612-1618.
[27]周静,史向远,李永平,等.不同耕作措施对旱地玉米生长环境及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):134-139.ZHOU J,SHI X Y,LI Y P,et al.Effects of different tillage practices on growing environment and yield of dryland maize[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(1):134-139.
[28]曹海莲,田峰,蔡云帆,等.不同植烟土壤改良模式对烤烟产质量的影响[J].作物研究,2015(6):613-616.CAO H L,TIAN F,CAI Y F,et al.Effects of different improvement patterns for tobacco-planting soil on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Crop Research,2015(6):613-616.
[2]王娜,兰建强,王定伟,等.不同耕作深度对烤烟生长及产、质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(4):1737-1740.WANG N,LAN J Q,WANG D W.Effect of different plowing depths on growth-development,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2014,27(4):1737-1740.
[3]陈冬林,易镇邪,周文新,等.不同土壤耕作方式下秸秆还田量对晚稻土壤养分与微生物的影响[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(8):1722-1728.CHEN D L,YI Z X,ZHOU W X,et al.Effects of straw return on soil nutrient sand microorganisms in late rice under different soil tillage systems[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(8):1722-1728.
[4]ZHANG H L,QIN Y D,ZHU W S.Effect of tillage on soil physical properties[J].Soil,2003,2:140-144.
[5]冀保毅.深耕与秸秆还田的土壤改良效果及其作物增产效应研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.JI B Y.Research on the effect of deep tillage and straw retained improve soil quality and enhance the yield of crop[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2013.
[6]白和平,胡喜巧,朱俊涛,等.玉米秸秆还田对麦田土壤养分的影响[J].科技信息,2011(11):43-44.BAI H P,HU X Q,ZHU J T,et al.Effects of corn straw returning to field on wheat field soil nutrient[J].Science&Technology Information,2011(11):43-44
[7]张鹏,李涵,贾志宽,等.秸秆还田对宁南旱区土壤有机碳含量及土壤碳矿化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(12):2518-2525.ZHANG P,LI H,JIA Z K,et al.Effects of straw returning on soil organic carbon and carbon mineralization in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(12):2518-2525.
[8]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.LU R K.Analytical methods for soil and agro-chemistry[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1999.
[9]依艳丽.土壤物理研究法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2009.YI Y L.Soil Physics Research Method[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2009.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D.Soil agricultural chemistry analysis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[11]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 159-2002烟草及烟草制品水溶性糖的测定连续流动法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.YC/T159-2002 Tobacco and tobacco products-determination of water soluble sugers-continuous flow method[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2002.
[12]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 160-2002烟草及烟草制品总植物碱的测定连续流动法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.YC/T160-2002 Tobacco and tobacco products-determination of total alkaloids-continuous flow method[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2002.
[13]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 161-2002烟草及烟草制品总氮的测定连续流动法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.YC/T161-2002 Tobacco and tobacco products-determination of total nitrogen-continuous flow method[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2002.
[14]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 173-2003烟草及烟草制品钾的测定火焰光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.YC/T173-2003 Tobacco and tobacco products-determination of potassium-flame photometry[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2003.
[15]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 162-2011烟草及烟草制品氯的测定连续流动法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.YC/T162-2011 Tobacco and tobacco products-determination of chlorine-continuous flow method[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2011.
[16]JI B,ZHAO Y,MU X,et al.Effects of tillage on soil physical properties and root growth of maize in loam and clay in central China[J].Plant Soil and Environment,2013,59(7):295-302
[17]孙敬国,王昌军,陈振国,等.不同耕作方式对土壤及烤烟的影响[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(3):299-304.SUN J G,WANG C J,CHEN Z G,et al.The influence of different tillage on soil and flue-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Hubei University(Natural Science),2017,39(3):299-304.
[18]张大伟,刘建,王波,等.连续两年秸秆还田与不同耕作方式对直播稻田土壤理化性质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(8):53-56.ZHANG D W,LIU J,WANG B,et al.Effect of straw-returning and different tillage modes on physical and chemical properties of direct seeding paddy soil[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2009,21(8):53-56.
[19]张军刚,郭海斌,王文文,等.深耕对土壤理化性质及生物性状的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2017(11):184-185.ZHANG J G,GUO H B,WANG W W,et al.Effects of deep tillage on soil physical and chemical properties and biological properties[J].Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2017(11):184-185.
[20]慕平,张恩和,王汉宁,等.不同年限全量玉米秸秆还田对玉米生长发育及土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(3):291-296.MU P,ZHANG E H,WANG H N,et al.Effects of continuous straw return to soil on maize growth and soil[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(3):291-296.
[21]孔晓民,韩成卫,曾苏明,等.不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(1):108-113.SUN X M,HAN C W,ZENG S M,et al.Effects of different tillage managements on soil physical properties and maize yield[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2014,22(1):108-113.
[22]吕巨智,程伟东,钟昌松,等.不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(30):38-43.LYU J Z,CHENG W D,ZHONG C S,et al.Effects of different cultivation methods on the soil physical properties and yield of maize[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(30):38-43.
[23]田慎重,王瑜,李娜,等.耕作方式和秸秆还田对华北地区农田土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7116-7124.TIAN S Z,WANG Y LI N,et al.Effects of different tillage and straw systems on soil water-stable aggregate distribution and stability in the North China Plain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(22):7116-7124.
[24]石磊,朴世领,沈丽,等.不同耕作方式对烤烟生长及内在品质的影响[J].延边大学农学学报,2010,32(2):100-105.SHI L,PU S L,SHEN L,et al.Effects of different tillage methods on growth and intrinsic quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Agricultural Science Journal of Yanbian University,2010,32(2):100-105.
[25]李浩,高鹏.耕层深度与土壤改良对作物产量及土壤特性的影响[J].水土保持应用技术,2010(6):1-3.LI H,GAO P.Effects of tillage depth and soil improvement on crop yield and soil characteristics[J].Technology of Soil and Water Conservation,2010(6):1-3.
[26]孔凡磊,袁继超,张海林,等.耕作方式对华北两熟区冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(9):1612-1618.KONG F L,YUAN J C,ZHANG H L,et al.Effect of tillage practice on growth and development and yield of winter wheat in double cropping area in north china.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(9):1612-1618.
[27]周静,史向远,李永平,等.不同耕作措施对旱地玉米生长环境及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):134-139.ZHOU J,SHI X Y,LI Y P,et al.Effects of different tillage practices on growing environment and yield of dryland maize[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(1):134-139.
[28]曹海莲,田峰,蔡云帆,等.不同植烟土壤改良模式对烤烟产质量的影响[J].作物研究,2015(6):613-616.CAO H L,TIAN F,CAI Y F,et al.Effects of different improvement patterns for tobacco-planting soil on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Crop Research,2015(6):613-616.