氧化—生物双降解地膜在豫西烟区烤烟生产中的应用效果探究
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摘要
通过田间试验,研究了氧化—生物双降解地膜的上机性能、降解性能、增温保墒效果,及其对烤烟生长发育、经济性状和土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:氧化—生物双降解地膜的上机性能与普通地膜没有差异,能够满足机械化覆膜的要求;其降解性能较好,不同配方的地膜降解速率不同;在降解破裂前的增温保墒效果与普通地膜相同,对烟株的生长发育和烟叶的经济效益无影响,并对增加土壤有机质含量具有积极作用。总体来讲,氧化—生物双降解地膜具备普通地膜的功能,能够满足烤烟生长发育需求,可有效解决"白色污染"问题。
Through field experiment, the author studied the mechanical property, degradable features and temperature-increasing and soil-moisture-conserving effects of oxydic-biodegradable mulching film, and analyzed its effects on the growth, development and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco, as well as on the physicochemical properties of soil in western Henan. The results showed that oxydic-biodegradable mulching film had the same mechanical property as ordinary plastic film, and it could completely meet the requirements of mechanized film-mulching. The degradation rate of oxydic-biodegradable mulching films with different formulations was different, but their degradation property was relatively good. Before degradation and fracture, oxydic-biodegradable mulching film possessed the same temperature-increasing and soil-moisture-conserving effects as ordinary plastic film, it had no influences on the growth, development and economic characters of tobacco plants, and it also could increase the soil organic matter content. In general, oxydic-biodegradable mulching film had the same functions as ordinary plastic film, it could meet the demands of flue-cured tobacco growth and development, and could effectively solve the "white pollution" problem. Thus, oxydic-biodegradable mulching film has good popularization prospects.
Through field experiment, the author studied the mechanical property, degradable features and temperature-increasing and soil-moisture-conserving effects of oxydic-biodegradable mulching film, and analyzed its effects on the growth, development and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco, as well as on the physicochemical properties of soil in western Henan. The results showed that oxydic-biodegradable mulching film had the same mechanical property as ordinary plastic film, and it could completely meet the requirements of mechanized film-mulching. The degradation rate of oxydic-biodegradable mulching films with different formulations was different, but their degradation property was relatively good. Before degradation and fracture, oxydic-biodegradable mulching film possessed the same temperature-increasing and soil-moisture-conserving effects as ordinary plastic film, it had no influences on the growth, development and economic characters of tobacco plants, and it also could increase the soil organic matter content. In general, oxydic-biodegradable mulching film had the same functions as ordinary plastic film, it could meet the demands of flue-cured tobacco growth and development, and could effectively solve the "white pollution" problem. Thus, oxydic-biodegradable mulching film has good popularization prospects.
引文
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[16] 国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 142—1998 烟草农艺性状调查方法[S].
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[2] 严昌荣,梅旭荣,何文清,等.农用地膜残留污染的现状与防治[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):269-272.
[3] 翟金良,邓伟,刘振乾.中国农业自身污染及其控制对策[J].环境保护科学,2001,27(4):34-36.
[4] 张瑞娟,李宇飞.残留地膜对土壤自净能力影响的初探[J].中国公共卫生学报,1995,14(6):337-338.
[5] 唐赛珍.生物降解塑料与可持续发展[J].国外塑料,2008,26(6):52-58.
[6] 李忠杰.可控降解地膜应用现状及发展前景[J].环境科学与管理,2006,31(2):56-57.
[7] 刘敏,黄占斌,杨玉姣.可生物降解地膜的研究进展与发展趋势[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(9):439-443.
[8] 佚名.农业部关于打好农业面源污染防治攻坚战的实施意见[EB/OL].http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/mywrfz/gzgh/201509/t20150914_4827678.htm.
[9] 佚名.2016年中国烟草大事记[EB/OL].http://www.tobacco.gov.cn/html/10/1003/84099464_n.html.
[10] 吕江南,王朝云,易永健.农用薄膜应用现状及可降解农膜研究进展[J].中国麻业科学,2007,29(3):150-157.
[11] 黄瑶珠,杨友军,潘东英,等.光降解地膜覆盖栽培在南雄烟区应用效果探究[J].广东农业科学,2010(6):39-41.
[12] 袁跃斌,杨静,刘圣高.淀粉基可生物降解地膜在烤烟生产中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(15):7824-7825.
[13] 战勇,魏建军,杨相昆,等.可降解地膜的性能及在北疆棉田上的应用[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(7):202-206.
[14] 申丽霞,王璞,张丽丽.可降解地膜对土壤、温度水分及玉米生长发育的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):25-30.
[15] 杨惠娣,唐赛珍.降解塑料试验评价方法探讨[J].塑料,1996(2):16-22.
[16] 国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 142—1998 烟草农艺性状调查方法[S].
[17] 王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤.烟草化学品质分析[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1990:77-79.