寒地黑土区水稻耗水特性及其对水分利用效率的影响
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摘要
为了探究寒地黑土区水稻耗水特性及其对水分利用效率的影响,于2017年在黑龙江省水稻灌溉试验站的蒸渗仪内进行了水稻耗水试验。采用U_7(7~6)均匀试验设计,分析了各生育期水稻生育阶段、昼夜间及逐时耗水量的变化特征,明确了各生育阶段耗水量对产量及生物量水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:拔节孕穗期各处理耗水量及耗水模系数均值最高,分别为77. 25 mm、23. 09%;水稻各处理昼间、夜间耗水量总体呈现"低-高-低"的变化趋势,抽穗开花期昼、夜间耗水量均值达到最大,为6. 32、0. 76 mm/d;分蘖前期、分蘖中期水稻昼间耗水特征呈倒"V"形曲线,耗水量高峰出现在12:00—13:00;分蘖后期至乳熟期呈"M"形曲线,耗水量高峰分别出现在11:00—12:00、13:00—14:00,乳熟期首个耗水量峰值相对提前,为10:00—11:00;阶段耗水量对水分利用效率(WUE)的直接作用和对R~2总贡献排列一致,由大到小依次为抽穗开花期耗水量(ET_5)、分蘖中期耗水量(ET_2)、拔节孕穗期耗水量(ET_4)、分蘖后期耗水量(ET_3)、乳熟期耗水量(ET_6)、分蘖前期耗水量(ET_1);分蘖后期、乳熟期耗水量对WUE存在直接负作用,阶段耗水量对WUE影响决定系数较大的变量由大到小依次为ET_5、ET_4×ET_5、ET_2×ET_5、ET_2、ET_4;抽穗开花期生物量水分利用效率(SWUE5)与水稻产量及WUE均呈显著正相关,分蘖前期至抽穗开花期耗水量对SWUE5的影响由大到小依次为ET_5、ET_4、ET_3、ET_1、ET_2。该研究结果可为深入研究黑土区水稻耗水特性、水分利用规律及水稻节水高效生产提供依据。
In order to explore the effect of rice water consumption characteristics on WUE in cold black soil region,the experiment was carried out by lysimeter at the rice irrigation experiment station of Heilongjiang Province in 2017. The U_7( 7~6) experiment was conducted to analyze the variation regular of water consumption of rice stage water consumption,during daytime,nighttime and hourly at different growth stages,the effects of water consumption at different growth stages on WUE and biomass WUE were clarified. The results showed that water consumption and water consumption percentage were the highest at the jointing-booting stage,which were 77. 25 mm and 23. 09%,respectively. The daytime and nighttime water consumption of rice showed a trend of "low-high-low",The daytime and nighttime water consumption reached the maximum at the heading-flowering stage,which were 6. 32 mm/d and 0. 76 mm/d,respectively. The water consumption characteristics of rice in the daytime showed an inverted "V"curve at the early and mid-tillering stage,the water consumption peak was at 12: 00—13: 00. It showed an"M"curve from the late tillering stage to the milky stage,the water consumption peak was at 11: 00—12: 00 and 13: 00—14: 00,respectively. The time of the maximum water consumption was at 10: 00—11: 00 during the milky stage. The direct effect of stage water consumption on WUE and the total contribution to R~2 were consistent,and the order from large to small was ET_5,ET_2,ET_4,ET_3,ET_6 and ET_1. The water consumption at the late tillering and milky stage had a direct negative impact on WUE,the order of the determinant coefficient of water consumption in each stage on WUE was ET_5,ET_4× ET_5,ET_2× ET_5,ET_2 and ET_4. There were significant positive correlations between SWUE_5 and rice yield and WUE,the effect order of water consumption on SWUE_5 from the early tillering to heading-flowering stage was ET_5,ET_4,ET_3,ET_1 and ET_2. The study would be helpful in understanding water consumption and water use efficiency of rice and formulating water-saving plan in black soil region.
In order to explore the effect of rice water consumption characteristics on WUE in cold black soil region,the experiment was carried out by lysimeter at the rice irrigation experiment station of Heilongjiang Province in 2017. The U_7( 7~6) experiment was conducted to analyze the variation regular of water consumption of rice stage water consumption,during daytime,nighttime and hourly at different growth stages,the effects of water consumption at different growth stages on WUE and biomass WUE were clarified. The results showed that water consumption and water consumption percentage were the highest at the jointing-booting stage,which were 77. 25 mm and 23. 09%,respectively. The daytime and nighttime water consumption of rice showed a trend of "low-high-low",The daytime and nighttime water consumption reached the maximum at the heading-flowering stage,which were 6. 32 mm/d and 0. 76 mm/d,respectively. The water consumption characteristics of rice in the daytime showed an inverted "V"curve at the early and mid-tillering stage,the water consumption peak was at 12: 00—13: 00. It showed an"M"curve from the late tillering stage to the milky stage,the water consumption peak was at 11: 00—12: 00 and 13: 00—14: 00,respectively. The time of the maximum water consumption was at 10: 00—11: 00 during the milky stage. The direct effect of stage water consumption on WUE and the total contribution to R~2 were consistent,and the order from large to small was ET_5,ET_2,ET_4,ET_3,ET_6 and ET_1. The water consumption at the late tillering and milky stage had a direct negative impact on WUE,the order of the determinant coefficient of water consumption in each stage on WUE was ET_5,ET_4× ET_5,ET_2× ET_5,ET_2 and ET_4. There were significant positive correlations between SWUE_5 and rice yield and WUE,the effect order of water consumption on SWUE_5 from the early tillering to heading-flowering stage was ET_5,ET_4,ET_3,ET_1 and ET_2. The study would be helpful in understanding water consumption and water use efficiency of rice and formulating water-saving plan in black soil region.
引文
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[2]山立,邹宇锋.我国旱区农业的地位和发展潜力及政策建议[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(4):425-430.SHAN Li,ZOU Yufeng.Status and potential for development of China’s dryland agriculture and suggestions on its policymaking[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2013,34(4):425-430.(in Chinese)
[3]程裕伟,马富裕,冯治磊,等.滴灌条件下春小麦耗水规律研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(2):112-117.CHENG Yuwei,MA Fuyu,FENG Zhilei,et al.Study on water consumption rules in spring wheat under drip irrigation[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(2):112-117.(in Chinese)
[4]董浩,陈雨海,周勋波.灌溉和种植方式对冬小麦耗水特性及干物质生产的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1871-1878.DONG Hao,CHEN Yuhai,ZHOU Xunbo.Effects of irrigation and planting pattern on winter wheat water consumption characteristics and dry matter production[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(7):1871-1878.(in Chinese)
[5]褚光,展明飞,朱宽宇,等.干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量与水分利用效率的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(7):1026-1036.ZHU Guang,ZHAN Mingfei,ZHU Kuanyu,et al.Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2016,42(7):1026-1036.(in Chinese)
[6]ZHOU Qun,CHENG Xinju,WANG Z Q,et al.Grain yield and water use efficiency of super rice under soil water deficit and alternate wetting and drying irrigation[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2017,16(5):1028-1043.
[7]迟道才,佟延旭,陈涛涛,等.多生育期不同水分胁迫耦合对水稻产量及水分生产率的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2016,47(1):71-77.CHI Daocai,TONG Yanxu,CHEN Taotao,et al.Effects of water stress coupling in different growth stage on rice yield and water productivity[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2016,47(1):71-77.(in Chinese)
[8]董淑喜,徐淑琴.水分胁迫对寒区水稻生长特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(6):64-66.DONG Shuxi,XU Shuqin.The influence of the different degrees in different periods of water stress on rice growth characteristic and yield in cold region[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2008,27(6):64-66.(in Chinese)
[9]刘展鹏,褚琳琳.作物干旱胁迫补偿效应研究进展[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(9):804-808.LIU Zhanpeng,CHU Linlin.Advances in research on compensation effects of crops under drought stress[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2016,34(9):804-808.(in Chinese)
[10]周英捷,梁燕菲,李伏生.不同时期亏水对糯玉米产量和水分利用的影响[J].玉米科学,2012,20(2):119-123.ZHOU Yingjie,LIANG Yanfei,LI Fusheng.Effect of water deficit at different growth stages on yield and water use of sticky maize[J].Maize Science,2012,20(2):119-123.(in Chinese)
[11]BUCKLEY T N.The control of stomata by water balance[J].New Phytologist,2005,168(2):275-291.
[12]O'TOOLE J C,CRUZ R T.Response of leaf water potential,stomatal resistance,and leaf rolling to water stress[J].Plant Physiology,1980,65(3):428-432.
[13]时学双,李法虎,闫宝莹,等.不同生育期水分亏缺对春青稞水分利用和产量的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(10):144-151.SHI Xueshuang,LI Fahu,YAN Baoying,et al.Effects of water deficit at different growth stages on water use and yield of spring highland barley[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(10):144-151.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20151019&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.10.019.(in Chinese)
[14]招礼军,李吉跃,于界芬,等.干旱胁迫对苗木蒸腾耗水日变化的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2003,25(3):42-47.ZHAO Lijun,LI Jiyue,YU Jiefen,et al.Daily variation in transpiring water-consumption rates of seedlings in different drought stress[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2003,25(3):42-47.(in Chinese)
[15]路兴花,吴良欢,庞林江.不同土壤水分含量对水稻水分利用特征的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(2):186-190.LU Xinghua,WU Lianghuan,PANG Linjiang.Effects of soil moisture on water utilization characteristics of rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2009,23(2):186-190.(in Chinese)
[16]ASSENG S,RITCHIE J T,SMUCKER A J M,et al.Root growth and water uptake during water deficit and recovering in wheat[J].Plant&Soil,1998,201(2):265-273.
[17]刘笑吟,王冠依,杨士红,等.不同时间尺度节水灌溉水稻腾发量特征与影响因素分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(8):91-100.LIU Xiaoyin,WANG Guanyi,YANG Shihong,et al.Influence factors and characteristics of transpiration and evaporation in water-saving irrigation paddy field under different temporal scales[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(8):91-100.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160813&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.08.013.(in Chinese)
[18]栗丽,洪坚平,王宏庭,等.水氮互作对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):291-296.LI Li,HONG Jianping,WANG Hongting,et al.Effects of nitrogen and irrigation interaction on water consumption characteristiics and use efficiency in winter wheat[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(6):291-296.(in Chinese)
[19]汪妮娜,黄敏,陈德威,等.不同生育期水分胁迫对水稻根系生长及产量的影响[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(9):1650-1656.WANG Nina,HUANG Min,CHEN Dewei,et al.Effects of water stress on root and yield of rice at different growth stages[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2013,34(9):1650-1656.(in Chinese)
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