缓释肥施用量对槲栎容器苗苗木质量的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究缓释肥施肥量对槲栎(Quercus aliena)容器苗生长、养分积累及非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的响应规律。【方法】以槲栎1年生容器苗为研究对象,采用完全随机设计,使用缓释肥(15%N+9%P2O5+12%K2O+2%MgO+微量养分元素(TE))设置5个施肥处理0.24、0.95、1.91、3.81和5.71 g/L,测定生长季末槲栎苗高、地径、生物量、养分及非结构性碳水化合物含量与浓度。【结果】0.95、1.91和3.81 g/L施肥水平下,苗高、整株生物量、整株氮含量、淀粉含量和可溶性糖含量均高于0.24 g/L的施肥水平;当施肥量增至5.71 g/L时,整株苗木淀粉含量和可溶性糖含量较施肥量0. 95～3.81 g/L(施氮量100～400 mg/株)时下降,苗高和生物量则无显著变化。【结论】槲栎容器苗合理的施肥区间为0.95～3.81 g/L,槲栎1年生容器苗组织矿质元素合理的浓度范围为:根系中N 1.63%～1.93%、P 0. 48%～0. 52%、K 0. 65%～0.79%;茎中N 1.11%～1.43%、P 0.24%～0.25%、K0.28%～0. 44%。从提高利用率、节约成本、减少环境污染角度考虑,推荐槲栎最佳缓释肥施用量为0.95 g/L,即施氮量100 mg/株;可溶性糖和淀粉含量是筛选槲栎苗木施肥量的重要指标,可推荐用于槲栎苗木的质量评价。
【Objective】Determine the effects of slow-release fertilizer on seedling growth,nutrient accumulation,and non-structural carbohydrate( NSC) of Quercus aliena container seedlings.【Method】Experiments were conducted using five different rates( 0.24,0.95,1.91,3.81 and 5.71 g/L) of slow-release fertilizer( 15% N+9% P2O5+12% K2O+2%MgO+trace element) per liter media with a completely random design. At the end of the first growing season,the seedling height,diameter,biomass,as well as content and concentration of nutrients and NSC of Q. aliena were determined.【Results】Height,plant biomass,plant nitrogen content,starch content,and soluble sugar content were higher with0. 95,1.91,and 3.81 g of slow-release fertilizer per liter media than those with 0.24 g per liter media. When the rate increased to 5.71 g per liter media,no beneficial effects on height were observed. In contrast,lower plant starch content and soluble sugar content were observed at a rate of 5.71 g per liter media.【Conclusion】The recommended fertilization rate was 0.95-3.81 g per liter media of slow-release fertilizer for Q. aliena container seedlings,which is equivalent to100-400 mg N per seedling. Tissue nutrient concentration was used by foresters to gauge nutritional status as follows: in root,N 1.63%-1. 93%; P 0. 48%-0. 52%; K 0. 65%-0. 79%; in stem,N 1. 11%-1. 43%; P 0. 24%-0. 25%; K0. 28%-0.44%. From the fertilizer use efficiency,cost and environment protection perspective,the fertilization rate was determined as 0.95 g slow-release fertilizer per liter media( 100 mg N per seedling). Soluble sugar and starch content are important indices to optimize nursery fertilization.
【Objective】Determine the effects of slow-release fertilizer on seedling growth,nutrient accumulation,and non-structural carbohydrate( NSC) of Quercus aliena container seedlings.【Method】Experiments were conducted using five different rates( 0.24,0.95,1.91,3.81 and 5.71 g/L) of slow-release fertilizer( 15% N+9% P2O5+12% K2O+2%MgO+trace element) per liter media with a completely random design. At the end of the first growing season,the seedling height,diameter,biomass,as well as content and concentration of nutrients and NSC of Q. aliena were determined.【Results】Height,plant biomass,plant nitrogen content,starch content,and soluble sugar content were higher with0. 95,1.91,and 3.81 g of slow-release fertilizer per liter media than those with 0.24 g per liter media. When the rate increased to 5.71 g per liter media,no beneficial effects on height were observed. In contrast,lower plant starch content and soluble sugar content were observed at a rate of 5.71 g per liter media.【Conclusion】The recommended fertilization rate was 0.95-3.81 g per liter media of slow-release fertilizer for Q. aliena container seedlings,which is equivalent to100-400 mg N per seedling. Tissue nutrient concentration was used by foresters to gauge nutritional status as follows: in root,N 1.63%-1. 93%; P 0. 48%-0. 52%; K 0. 65%-0. 79%; in stem,N 1. 11%-1. 43%; P 0. 24%-0. 25%; K0. 28%-0.44%. From the fertilizer use efficiency,cost and environment protection perspective,the fertilization rate was determined as 0.95 g slow-release fertilizer per liter media( 100 mg N per seedling). Soluble sugar and starch content are important indices to optimize nursery fertilization.
引文
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[2]VILLAR-SALVADOR P,USCOLA M,JACOBS D F. The role of stored carbohydrates and nitrogen in the growth and stress tolerance of planted forest trees[J]. New Forests,2015,46(5/6):813-839. DOI:10.1007/s11056-015-9499-z.
[3]LANDIS T D. Mineral nutrition as an index of seedling quality[Z]//DURYEA M L. Evaluating seedling quality:principles,procedures,and predictive abilities of major Tests. Corvallis:Forest Research Laboratory,Oregon State University,1985:29-48.
[4]JACOBS D F,ROSE R,HAASE D L. Development of Douglasfir seedling root architecture in response to localized nutrient supply[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2003,33(1):118-125. DOI:10.1139/x02-160.
[5]FU Y L,OLIET J A,LI G L,et al. Effect of controlled release fertilizer type and rate on mineral nutrients,non-structural carbohydrates,and field performance of Chinese pine container-grown seedlings[J]. Silva Fennica,2017,51(2):1-13. DOI:10.14214/sf.1607.
[6]DAVIS A S,JACOBS D F. Quantifying root system quality of nursery seedlings and relationship to outplanting performance[J].New Forests, 2005, 30(2/3):295-311. DOI:10. 1007/s11056-005-7480-y.
[7]WILSON E R,VITOLS K C,PARK A. Root characteristics and growth potential of container and bare-root seedlings of red oak(Quercus rubra L.)in Ontario,Canada[J]. New Forests,2007,34(2):163-176. DOI:10.1007/s11056-007-9046-7.
[8]李国雷,祝燕,蒋乐,等.指数施肥对栓皮栎容器苗生长和氮积累的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(11):6-9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2012.11.002.LI G L, ZHU Y, JIANG L, et al. Effect of exponential fertilization on growth and nitrogen storage of containerized quercus variabilis seedlings[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2012,40(11):6-9.
[9]吴小林,张东北,楚秀丽,等.赤皮青冈容器苗不同基质配比和缓释肥施用量的生长效应[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(6):794-800. DOI:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2014.06.014.WU X L,ZHANG D B,CHU X L,et al. Effect of substrate ratio and slow-release fertilizer dose on the growth of containerized Cyclobalanopsis gilva seedlings[J]. Forest Research,2014,27(6):794-800.
[10]MILLARD P,GRELET G A. Nitrogen storage and remobilization by trees:ecophysiological relevance in a changing world[J]. Tree Physiology,2010, 30(9):1083-1095. DOI:10. 1093/treephys/tpq042.
[11]TRENKEL M E. Controlled-release and stabilized fertilizers in agriculture[M]. Paris:International Fertilizer Industry Association,1997.
[12]JUNTUNEN M L,HAMMAR T,RIKALA R. Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and uptake by container birch seedlings(Betula pendula Roth)grown in three different fertilizations[J]. New Forests, 2003, 25(2):133-147. DOI:10. 1023/A:1022686402578.
[13]张树清,武翻江,牛建彪.施用不同缓释肥料对春小麦产量的影响[J].土壤肥料,2004(2):23-25.ZHANG S Q,WU F J,NIU J B. Effects of using different slow release fertilizers for spring wheat yield[J]. Soils and Fertilizers,2004(2):23-25.
[14]李学刚,宋宪亮,孙学振,等.控释氮肥对棉花叶片光合特性及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):656-662. DOI:10.11674/zuyf.2010.0320.LI X G,SONG X L,SUN X Z,et al. Effects of controlled release N fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(3):656-662.
[15]杨越超,张民,陈剑秋,等.控释氮肥对水稻秧苗形态特征和生理特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(5):1126-1135. DOI:10.11674/zwff.2010.0513.YANG Y C,ZHANG M,CHEN J Q,et al. Effects of controlledrelease urea on morphological characteristics and physiological traits of rice seedlings[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(5):1126-1135.
[16]HAASE D L,ROSE R,TROBAUGH J. Field performance of three stock sizes of douglas-fir container seedlings grown with slow-release fertilizer in the nursery growing medium[J]. New Forests,2006,31(1):1-24. DOI:10. 1007/s11056-004-5396-6.
[17]SLOAN J L,JACOBS D F. Leaf physiology and sugar concentrations of transplanted Quercus rubra seedlings in relation to nutrient and water availability[J]. New Forests,2012,43(5/6):779-790. DOI:10.1007/s11056-012-9326-8.
[18]王艺,王秀花,吴小林,等.缓释肥加载对浙江楠和闽楠容器苗生长和养分库构建的影响[J].林业科学,2013,49(12):57-63. DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20131209.WANG Y,WANG X H,WU X L,et al. Effects of slow-release fertilizer loading on growth and construction of nutrients reserves of Phoebe chekiangensis and Phoebe bournei container seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(12):57-63.
[19]楚秀丽,王秀花,张东北,等.基质配比和缓释肥添加量对浙江楠大规格容器苗质量的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):67-73. DOI:10.3969/j. issn.1000-2006.2015.06.013.CHU X L,WANG X H,ZHANG D B,et al. Effect of substrate ratio and slow-release fertilizer loading on the quality of large size container seedlings of Phoebe chekiangensis[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2015,39(6):67-73.
[20]陈有民.园林树木学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013.CHEN Y M. Landscape dendrology[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishirg House,2013.
[21]韩亚琦,唐宇丹,张少英,等.盐胁迫抑制槲栎2变种光合作用的机理研究[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(3):583-587.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2007.03.028.HAN Y Q,TANG Y D,ZHANG S Y,et al. Photosynthesis inhibition of two varieties of Quercus aliena in salt stress[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(3):583-587.
[22]王中磊,高贤明.啮齿动物对锐齿槲栎坚果的取食模式及坚果命运[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3533-3541. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2006.11.002.WANG Z L,GAO X M. The predating behavior of rodents and its effects to acorns of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(11):3533-3541.
[23]王中磊,高贤明.锐齿槲栎林的天然更新:坚果、幼苗库和径级结构[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):986-993. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2005.05.007.WANG Z L,GAO X M. The regeneration of Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata:acorn status,seedling pool and size structure[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(5):986-993.
[24]王向雨,胡东,贺金生.神农架地区米心水青冈林和锐齿槲栎林生物量的研究[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(2):62-67. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1004-9398. 2007.02.014.WANG X Y,HU D,HE J S. Biomass research of Fagus engleriana and Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest in Shennongjia Foest District[J]. Journal of Capital Normal University(Natural Sciences Edition),2007,28(2):62-67.
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