补饲精料对乌珠穆沁羊生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响
|
摘要
试验旨在研究草颗粒和草颗粒补饲精料对乌珠穆沁羊生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取20只6月龄体重为(28.83±0.19) kg乌珠穆沁羊,采用随机区组设计,随机分为2组,每组10只。设计2种日粮饲喂乌珠穆沁羊,分别为草颗粒(对照组)和草颗粒补饲精料(试验组)。结果表明:补饲精料未能显著影响羊的日增重(P>0.05),日增重分别为56.33和60.00 g。对照组和试验组的3项屠宰性能指标(宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率)、6项化学成分指标(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、有机物、干物质、钙、磷)、6项肉品质指标(pH_1、pH_(24)、大理石纹、亮度、熟肉率、剪切力)、16项脂肪酸指标和15项氨基酸指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验组羊4项屠宰性能指标(净肉重、净肉率、眼肌面积、GR值)、4项肉品质指标(红度、黄度、胆固醇、失水率)、6项脂肪酸指标(十三碳酸、肉豆蔻酸、珍珠酸、γ-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、花生酸)和3项氨基酸指标(异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组7项主要脂肪酸(丁酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻烯酸、十五碳酸、十五碳烯酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、n-6/n-3)、苏氨酸和谷氨酸显著高于试验组(P<0.05)。饲喂草颗粒补饲精料对乌珠穆沁羊生长性能影响不大;天然草地草颗粒饲喂能满足家畜营养需求,在促进乌珠穆沁羊生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质方面具有重大潜力。
The objective of this study was to investigate the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid composition of Mongolian lamb fed pellet and complete pellet. Twenty healthy Mongolian lambs of the same age(six months) and similar body weight(28.83±0.19) kg were randomly divided into two groups, and a control group of ten sheep were fed solely grass pellet, while a second trial group were fed grass pellet with concentrate. It was found that feeding grass pellet with concentrate significantly increased the average daily gain from 56.33 g·d~(-1)(control) to 60.00 g·d~(-1)(trial group). A very large number of parameters determined showed no difference between control and trial groups, including: body weight before slaughter, carcass weight, dressing percentage, crude protein(CP), ether extract(EE), organic matter(OM), dry matter(DM), calcium(Ca), phosphorus(P), pH_1, pH_(24), marbling score, Lightness(L~*), cooking yield, shear force, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C17:1 n7, C18:2 n6 c, C20:1, C20:2, C20:3 n3, C20:5 n3, C22:2 n6, saturated fatty acids(SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), ∑n-6, ∑n-3, Val, Met, Leu, Phe, Lys, EAA(essential amino acid), Asp, Ser, Gly, Ala, Cys, His, Pro, NEAA(nonessential amino acid), EAA/NEAA of control group and trial group(P>0.05). Parameters higher(P<0.05) in the trial group than in the control group were: net meat mass, net meat percentage, loin muscle area, GR(carcass fat content) value, redness(a~*), yellowness(b~*), cholesterol, water loss rate, C13:0, C14:0, C17:0, C18:3 n6, C18:3 n3, C20:0, Ile, Tyr, Arg. Conversely, parameters higher(P<0.05) in the control group than in the trial group were: C4:0, C12:0, C14:1 n5, C15:0, C15:1 n5, C16:0, C16:1 n7, C18:0, C18:1 n9 c, n-6/n-3, Thr and Glu. These results indicate that feeding Wuzhumuqin lamb is more beneficial to growth performance and meat quality than feeding grass pellet with concentrate.
The objective of this study was to investigate the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid composition of Mongolian lamb fed pellet and complete pellet. Twenty healthy Mongolian lambs of the same age(six months) and similar body weight(28.83±0.19) kg were randomly divided into two groups, and a control group of ten sheep were fed solely grass pellet, while a second trial group were fed grass pellet with concentrate. It was found that feeding grass pellet with concentrate significantly increased the average daily gain from 56.33 g·d~(-1)(control) to 60.00 g·d~(-1)(trial group). A very large number of parameters determined showed no difference between control and trial groups, including: body weight before slaughter, carcass weight, dressing percentage, crude protein(CP), ether extract(EE), organic matter(OM), dry matter(DM), calcium(Ca), phosphorus(P), pH_1, pH_(24), marbling score, Lightness(L~*), cooking yield, shear force, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C17:1 n7, C18:2 n6 c, C20:1, C20:2, C20:3 n3, C20:5 n3, C22:2 n6, saturated fatty acids(SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), ∑n-6, ∑n-3, Val, Met, Leu, Phe, Lys, EAA(essential amino acid), Asp, Ser, Gly, Ala, Cys, His, Pro, NEAA(nonessential amino acid), EAA/NEAA of control group and trial group(P>0.05). Parameters higher(P<0.05) in the trial group than in the control group were: net meat mass, net meat percentage, loin muscle area, GR(carcass fat content) value, redness(a~*), yellowness(b~*), cholesterol, water loss rate, C13:0, C14:0, C17:0, C18:3 n6, C18:3 n3, C20:0, Ile, Tyr, Arg. Conversely, parameters higher(P<0.05) in the control group than in the trial group were: C4:0, C12:0, C14:1 n5, C15:0, C15:1 n5, C16:0, C16:1 n7, C18:0, C18:1 n9 c, n-6/n-3, Thr and Glu. These results indicate that feeding Wuzhumuqin lamb is more beneficial to growth performance and meat quality than feeding grass pellet with concentrate.
引文
[1]Li J W,Li Z G,Jiang L H,et al.Effect of supplementary feeding on livestock and production efficiency of Hulun Buir short tail sheep before lambing.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(7):90-97.李江文,李治国,蒋立宏,等.呼伦贝尔短尾羊产前补饲精喂对家畜个体特征及生产效益的影响.草业学报,2017,26(7):90-97.
[2]Zheng Y,Xu Z,Hao F,et al.Benefit analysis on greenhouse sheep breeding of typical steppe in Inner Mongolia.Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,2010,31(2):64-69.郑阳,徐柱,郝峰,等.内蒙古典型草原家庭牧场暖棚舍饲养羊效益分析.家畜生态学报,2010,31(2):64-69.
[3]Wang Q J,Wang W Y,Shi J J,et al.Ecological benefit analysis on hothouse breeding of domestic range land in Chaidamu Basin.Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,2006,27(3):90-94.王启基,王文颍,施建军,等.柴达木盆地家庭牧场暖棚养畜及其生态效益分析.家畜生态学报,2006,27(3):90-94.
[4]Sun Y G,Hao Z L,Li F D,et al.Damage grades and habits of psylliodes punctifrons baly.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2000,35(4):370-376.孙玉国,郝正里,李发弟,等.不同组合的全饲粮颗粒饲料肥育羔羊的效果.甘肃农业大学学报,2000,35(4):370-376.
[5]Cheng S L,Hao Z L,Li F D,et al.Effects of complete diet pellets with different nutritional level on fattening lambs.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2001,36(1):44-49.程胜利,郝正里,李发弟,等.不同营养水平全饲粮颗粒料肥育羔羊的效果.甘肃农业大学学报,2001,36(1):44-49.
[6]Dong L Y.Effect of feeding pellet diets on intake,digestion and metabolism of pregnant ewes.Urumqi:Xingjiang Agricultutral University,2013.董凌云.饲喂颗粒日粮对妊娠母羊采食和消化代谢的影响.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013.
[7]Osakwe I I,Steingass H,Drochner W.Effect of dried elaeisguineense supplementation on nitrogen and energy partitioning of WAD sheep fed a basal hay diet.Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,117(2):75-83.
[8]Olafadehan O A,Adewumi M K.Milk production and economic impact of strategic supplementation of prepartum Bunaji cows in the peri-urban areas of derived savanna of southwestern Nigeria.Livestock Research for Rural Development,2008,20(3):654-665.
[9]Zhao Y Z.Production of sheep.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2010.赵有璋.羊生产学.北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[10]AOAC.Official methods of analysis.Association of Official Analytical Chemists,Arlington,1994.
[11]Meng N,Xia T W,Wang H F,et al.GB/T 17377-2008,Animal and vegetable fats and oils analysis by gas chromatography of methyl esters of fatty acids.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008孟楠,夏天文,王慧芳,等.GB/T 17377-2008,动植物油脂脂肪酸甲酯的气相色谱分析.北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[12]Jia J B,Zhao X H.GB/T 5009.124-2003,Determination of amino acids in food.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2003.贾健斌,赵熙和.GB/T 5009.124-2003,食品中氨基酸的测定.北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[13]Qi J G,Chen J Q,Wan S Q,et al.Understanding the coupled natural and human systems in dryland East Asia.Environmental Research Letters,2012,7(1):15202-15207.
[14]Liu Y Y,Evans J P,McCabe M F,et al.Changing climate and over grazing are decimating Mongolian Steppes.PLoS One,2013,8(2):e57299-e57605.
[15]Zhen L,Ochirbat B,LüY,et al.Comparing patterns of ecosystem service consumption and perceptions of range management between ethnic herders in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia.Environmental Research Letters,2010,5(1):15001-15011.
[16]Hannes J K,Aranka P,Katharina H,et al.Confronting international research topics with stakeholders on multifunctional land use:The case of Inner Mongolia,China.Forest-Biogeosciences and Forestry,2014,7(1):e1-e11.
[17]National Research Council.Nutrient requirements of sheep.Washington,DC,USA:National Academy Press,1994.
[18]Dhanda J S.Evaluation of crossbred goat and sheep production in the tyopics.London UK:Longman Group Ltd.,2001.
[19]Santos-Silva J,Mendesand I A,Bessa R J B.The effect of genotype,feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs.Livestock Production Science,2002,76(1/2):17-25.
[20]Carvalho S,Pires C C H,Silva J.Body composition and net protein requirements for lambs weight gain.Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia-brazilian Journal of Animal Science,2000,29(6):2325-2331.
[21]Sève B,Ponter A A.Nutrient-hormone signals regulating muscle protein turnover in pigs.Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,1997,56(2):565-580.
[22]Lytras G N,Geileskey A,King R D.Effect of muscle type,salt and pH on cooked meat haemoprotein formation in lamb and beef.Meat Science,1999,52(2):189-194.
[23]Priolo A,Micol D,Agabriel J,et al.Effect of grass or concentrate feeding systems on lamb carcass and meat quality.Meat Science,2002,62(2):179-185.
[24]Mancini R A,Hunt M C.Current research in meat color.Meat Science,2005,71(1):100-121.
[25]Rousset-Akrim S,Young O A,BerdaguéJ L.Diet and growth effects in panel assessment of sheep meat odour and flavour.Meat Science,1997,45(2):169-181.
[26]Prache S,Theriez M.Traceability of lamb production systems:Carotenoids in plasma and adipose tissue.Animal Science Journal,1999,69(1):29-36.
[27]Ripoll G,AlbertíP,Joy M.Influence of alfalfa grazing-based feeding systems on carcass fat colour and meat quality of light lambs.Meat Science,2012,90(2):457-464.
[28]Gao X,Wang Z,Miao J,et al.Influence of different production strategies on the stability of color,oxygen consumption and metmyoglobin reducing activity of meat from Ningxia Tan sheep.Meat Science,2014,96(2):769-774.
[29]Gentry J G,McGlone J J,Miller M F,et al.Environmental effects on pig performance,meat quality,and muscle characteristics.Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(1):209-217.
[30]Bas P,Morand-Fehr P.Effect of nutritional factors on fatty acid composition of lamb fat deposits.Livestock Production Science,2000,64(1):61-79.
[31]Enser M,Hallett K,Hewitt B,et al.Fatty acid content and composition of English beef,lamb and pork at retail.Meat Science,1996,42(4):443-456.
[32]Zhang W,Xiao S,Himali S,et al.Improving functional value of meat product.Meat Science,2010,86(1):15-31.
[33]Kemp S E,Birch G G.An intensity/time study of the taste of amino acids.Chemical Senses,1992,17(2):151-168.
[34]Anson L.Neurbiology:The bitter-sweet taste of amino acids.Nature,2002,416(6877):136.
[2]Zheng Y,Xu Z,Hao F,et al.Benefit analysis on greenhouse sheep breeding of typical steppe in Inner Mongolia.Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,2010,31(2):64-69.郑阳,徐柱,郝峰,等.内蒙古典型草原家庭牧场暖棚舍饲养羊效益分析.家畜生态学报,2010,31(2):64-69.
[3]Wang Q J,Wang W Y,Shi J J,et al.Ecological benefit analysis on hothouse breeding of domestic range land in Chaidamu Basin.Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,2006,27(3):90-94.王启基,王文颍,施建军,等.柴达木盆地家庭牧场暖棚养畜及其生态效益分析.家畜生态学报,2006,27(3):90-94.
[4]Sun Y G,Hao Z L,Li F D,et al.Damage grades and habits of psylliodes punctifrons baly.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2000,35(4):370-376.孙玉国,郝正里,李发弟,等.不同组合的全饲粮颗粒饲料肥育羔羊的效果.甘肃农业大学学报,2000,35(4):370-376.
[5]Cheng S L,Hao Z L,Li F D,et al.Effects of complete diet pellets with different nutritional level on fattening lambs.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2001,36(1):44-49.程胜利,郝正里,李发弟,等.不同营养水平全饲粮颗粒料肥育羔羊的效果.甘肃农业大学学报,2001,36(1):44-49.
[6]Dong L Y.Effect of feeding pellet diets on intake,digestion and metabolism of pregnant ewes.Urumqi:Xingjiang Agricultutral University,2013.董凌云.饲喂颗粒日粮对妊娠母羊采食和消化代谢的影响.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013.
[7]Osakwe I I,Steingass H,Drochner W.Effect of dried elaeisguineense supplementation on nitrogen and energy partitioning of WAD sheep fed a basal hay diet.Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,117(2):75-83.
[8]Olafadehan O A,Adewumi M K.Milk production and economic impact of strategic supplementation of prepartum Bunaji cows in the peri-urban areas of derived savanna of southwestern Nigeria.Livestock Research for Rural Development,2008,20(3):654-665.
[9]Zhao Y Z.Production of sheep.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2010.赵有璋.羊生产学.北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[10]AOAC.Official methods of analysis.Association of Official Analytical Chemists,Arlington,1994.
[11]Meng N,Xia T W,Wang H F,et al.GB/T 17377-2008,Animal and vegetable fats and oils analysis by gas chromatography of methyl esters of fatty acids.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008孟楠,夏天文,王慧芳,等.GB/T 17377-2008,动植物油脂脂肪酸甲酯的气相色谱分析.北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[12]Jia J B,Zhao X H.GB/T 5009.124-2003,Determination of amino acids in food.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2003.贾健斌,赵熙和.GB/T 5009.124-2003,食品中氨基酸的测定.北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[13]Qi J G,Chen J Q,Wan S Q,et al.Understanding the coupled natural and human systems in dryland East Asia.Environmental Research Letters,2012,7(1):15202-15207.
[14]Liu Y Y,Evans J P,McCabe M F,et al.Changing climate and over grazing are decimating Mongolian Steppes.PLoS One,2013,8(2):e57299-e57605.
[15]Zhen L,Ochirbat B,LüY,et al.Comparing patterns of ecosystem service consumption and perceptions of range management between ethnic herders in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia.Environmental Research Letters,2010,5(1):15001-15011.
[16]Hannes J K,Aranka P,Katharina H,et al.Confronting international research topics with stakeholders on multifunctional land use:The case of Inner Mongolia,China.Forest-Biogeosciences and Forestry,2014,7(1):e1-e11.
[17]National Research Council.Nutrient requirements of sheep.Washington,DC,USA:National Academy Press,1994.
[18]Dhanda J S.Evaluation of crossbred goat and sheep production in the tyopics.London UK:Longman Group Ltd.,2001.
[19]Santos-Silva J,Mendesand I A,Bessa R J B.The effect of genotype,feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs.Livestock Production Science,2002,76(1/2):17-25.
[20]Carvalho S,Pires C C H,Silva J.Body composition and net protein requirements for lambs weight gain.Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia-brazilian Journal of Animal Science,2000,29(6):2325-2331.
[21]Sève B,Ponter A A.Nutrient-hormone signals regulating muscle protein turnover in pigs.Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,1997,56(2):565-580.
[22]Lytras G N,Geileskey A,King R D.Effect of muscle type,salt and pH on cooked meat haemoprotein formation in lamb and beef.Meat Science,1999,52(2):189-194.
[23]Priolo A,Micol D,Agabriel J,et al.Effect of grass or concentrate feeding systems on lamb carcass and meat quality.Meat Science,2002,62(2):179-185.
[24]Mancini R A,Hunt M C.Current research in meat color.Meat Science,2005,71(1):100-121.
[25]Rousset-Akrim S,Young O A,BerdaguéJ L.Diet and growth effects in panel assessment of sheep meat odour and flavour.Meat Science,1997,45(2):169-181.
[26]Prache S,Theriez M.Traceability of lamb production systems:Carotenoids in plasma and adipose tissue.Animal Science Journal,1999,69(1):29-36.
[27]Ripoll G,AlbertíP,Joy M.Influence of alfalfa grazing-based feeding systems on carcass fat colour and meat quality of light lambs.Meat Science,2012,90(2):457-464.
[28]Gao X,Wang Z,Miao J,et al.Influence of different production strategies on the stability of color,oxygen consumption and metmyoglobin reducing activity of meat from Ningxia Tan sheep.Meat Science,2014,96(2):769-774.
[29]Gentry J G,McGlone J J,Miller M F,et al.Environmental effects on pig performance,meat quality,and muscle characteristics.Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(1):209-217.
[30]Bas P,Morand-Fehr P.Effect of nutritional factors on fatty acid composition of lamb fat deposits.Livestock Production Science,2000,64(1):61-79.
[31]Enser M,Hallett K,Hewitt B,et al.Fatty acid content and composition of English beef,lamb and pork at retail.Meat Science,1996,42(4):443-456.
[32]Zhang W,Xiao S,Himali S,et al.Improving functional value of meat product.Meat Science,2010,86(1):15-31.
[33]Kemp S E,Birch G G.An intensity/time study of the taste of amino acids.Chemical Senses,1992,17(2):151-168.
[34]Anson L.Neurbiology:The bitter-sweet taste of amino acids.Nature,2002,416(6877):136.