我国苹果属资源现代分布调查初报
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摘要
种质资源是农业生物资源的重要组成部分。我国是苹果属植物的起源演化中心之一,加强我国苹果种质资源调查与收集,可以丰富我国苹果资源保存的多样性。国家果树种质苹果圃于2005-2016年开展了我国西北、华北、西南、东北和华东苹果属植物集中分布地区的调查和收集,旨在进一步摸清家底,扩展我国苹果属种质资源的保存类型和数量,为保护利用及科学研究提供基础资料。调查结果表明:我国苹果属种质资源类型多样,分布广泛,新收集资源621份,西北、西南和东北地区的苹果野生种资源丰富,地方品种少量分布;华北地区以地方品种为主,野生种类型较少。目前野生资源集中分布面积逐年减少,由先前的大范围散落分布逐渐转变为小面积集中分布;地方品种面临的问题较多,砍伐频发,流失严重。以连续11年的苹果属种质资源调查为依据,提出苹果资源收集保存面临的问题,并提出建议。
Germplasm resources are important part of agricultural biology. China is one of the biggest origins and evolution center of Malus Mill. genus,it will enrich the diversity of Malus Mill. germplasm resources in China,if it strengthens the investigation and collection of Malus Mill. germplasm resources. To find out the distribution of Malus Mill. germplasm resource,expand number and types of Malus Mill. germplasm resources,and provide basic reference for the protection and scientific research,National Apple Germplasm Repository investigated the Malus Mill. germplasm resources in Northwest China,North China,Southwest China,Northeast China and East China during 2005-2016. The results showed that there were various types of Malus Mill. germplasm resources in China,which were distributed widely,621 Malus Mill. germplasm resources were collected,the wild species were abundant in Northwest China,Southwest China and Northeast China,where had less apple landraces. The Malus Mill. germplasm resources in North China were dominated by apple landrace and the wild species were less. The current problem of wild species was the distribution area decreased year by year,from the previous large-scale scattered distribution gradually transformed to concentrated distribution in small areas. Landraces were facing the problem of frequent cutting,serious loss. The problems of protection and utilization were initially proposed based on the survey of Malus Mill. germplasm resources for consecutive 11 years.
Germplasm resources are important part of agricultural biology. China is one of the biggest origins and evolution center of Malus Mill. genus,it will enrich the diversity of Malus Mill. germplasm resources in China,if it strengthens the investigation and collection of Malus Mill. germplasm resources. To find out the distribution of Malus Mill. germplasm resource,expand number and types of Malus Mill. germplasm resources,and provide basic reference for the protection and scientific research,National Apple Germplasm Repository investigated the Malus Mill. germplasm resources in Northwest China,North China,Southwest China,Northeast China and East China during 2005-2016. The results showed that there were various types of Malus Mill. germplasm resources in China,which were distributed widely,621 Malus Mill. germplasm resources were collected,the wild species were abundant in Northwest China,Southwest China and Northeast China,where had less apple landraces. The Malus Mill. germplasm resources in North China were dominated by apple landrace and the wild species were less. The current problem of wild species was the distribution area decreased year by year,from the previous large-scale scattered distribution gradually transformed to concentrated distribution in small areas. Landraces were facing the problem of frequent cutting,serious loss. The problems of protection and utilization were initially proposed based on the survey of Malus Mill. germplasm resources for consecutive 11 years.
引文
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[6]王中英,童德中,朱文勇,等.山西果树志[M].北京:中国经济出版社,1991:57-150
[7]陈景新.河北省苹果志[M].北京:农业出版社,1985:121-200
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[14]张钊.1959年新疆果树资源调查初报[J].中国果树,1959(6):30-31
[15]张毅,杨兴华.山东果树种质资源[J].山东林业科技,1996(3):7-11
[16]张亮成,罗耀祖,杨永林.陕西秦巴山区的野生果树种质资源[J].园艺学报,1993,20(1):27-32
[17]樊卫国,朱维藩,范恩普,等.贵州野生果树种质资源的调查研究[J].贵州大学学报:农业与生物科学版,2002,21(1):32-38
[18]王昆,刘凤之,曹玉芬.苹果种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:72-75
[19]徐国菊,牛纪全,黄洁.沂水县稀有中国苹果资源品种简介[J].落叶果树,2011,43(3):53-54
[20]林培钧,崔乃然.天山野果林资源-伊犁野果林综合研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000:46-199
[21]张钊.新疆的果树资源[J].园艺学报,1962,1(2):129-136
[22]王大江,王昆,高源,等.苹果地方品种花粉形态分类及聚类研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(1):84-91
[23]《董玉琛论文选集》编委会.董玉琛论文选集[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010:22-30
[2]王昆,刘凤之,高源,等.中国苹果野生种自然地理分布、多型性及利用价值[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(6):1013-1019
[3]贾敬贤,贾定贤,任庆棉.中国作物及其野生近缘植物-果树卷[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:40-83
[4]青德厚.甘肃果树志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:151-196
[5]原芜洲,杜澍.陕西果树志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1978:153-212
[6]王中英,童德中,朱文勇,等.山西果树志[M].北京:中国经济出版社,1991:57-150
[7]陈景新.河北省苹果志[M].北京:农业出版社,1985:121-200
[8]山东省果树所.山东果树志[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1996:36-69
[9]李育农.四川苹果属种质资源的调查研究[J].农业科学导报,1986,1(4):23-29
[10]成明昊,石胜友,周志钦,等.横断山区苹果属植物区系地理学研究[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(11):1666-1671
[11]樊卫国,康杏媛,范恩普,等.贵州苹果属植物资源调查报告[J].贵州农院通报,1990,9(1):93-98
[12]郑慧章,李建,王守聪,等.西藏果树种质资源志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:127-135
[13]孙宇光.内蒙古果树品种及野生资源[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1989:27-84
[14]张钊.1959年新疆果树资源调查初报[J].中国果树,1959(6):30-31
[15]张毅,杨兴华.山东果树种质资源[J].山东林业科技,1996(3):7-11
[16]张亮成,罗耀祖,杨永林.陕西秦巴山区的野生果树种质资源[J].园艺学报,1993,20(1):27-32
[17]樊卫国,朱维藩,范恩普,等.贵州野生果树种质资源的调查研究[J].贵州大学学报:农业与生物科学版,2002,21(1):32-38
[18]王昆,刘凤之,曹玉芬.苹果种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:72-75
[19]徐国菊,牛纪全,黄洁.沂水县稀有中国苹果资源品种简介[J].落叶果树,2011,43(3):53-54
[20]林培钧,崔乃然.天山野果林资源-伊犁野果林综合研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000:46-199
[21]张钊.新疆的果树资源[J].园艺学报,1962,1(2):129-136
[22]王大江,王昆,高源,等.苹果地方品种花粉形态分类及聚类研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(1):84-91
[23]《董玉琛论文选集》编委会.董玉琛论文选集[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010:22-30