白鹤滩尾水隧洞明满流对水电站稳定性的影响
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摘要
白鹤滩水电站单机容量为1 000 MW,规模居世界第二。对于水电站而言,引水发电系统的稳定性尤为重要,而该水电站的尾水隧洞存在着明满流现象,严重影响到了引水发电系统的稳定性。为此,采用特征隐格式下的虚拟狭缝法,分析了尾水隧洞内不同流态对机组稳定性及尾水调压室水位波动的影响。分析结果表明:当明满流段流态为明流时,可以加速调压室水位波动收敛,有利于输水系统的稳定;当流态为明满过渡流时,其压力脉动现象会导致机组调节品质变差,不利于输水系统的稳定。此外,明满流段的长度对机组调节品质影响很小,长度的选取不受输水系统稳定性限制。研究成果可为类似输水系统设计和研究提供参考。
Baihetan Hydropower Station is the world′s second largest hydropower station with installation capacity of 16000 MW. The stability of the diversion and power generation system is very important for the operation of the whole power station. The free-pressure transition flow in the tailrace tunnel influences the stability of the diversion and power generation system seriously. In this paper, the effects of different flow states in the tailrace tunnel on the unit stability and water level fluctuation in the tailrace surge chamber are studied by the characteristic implicit scheme virtual slit method. The results show that the open channel flow in the tailrace tunnel can accelerate the stability of water level fluctuation in surge tank, which is conducive to the diversion system stability; however, for the free-pressure transition flow, the pressure fluctuation will worse the unit′s stable regulation quality, which is unfavorable to the diversion system stability; the length of the free-pressure flow section has little effect on the regulation quality of the unit and the length selection is not limited by the diversion system stability. The results may provide reference for the design and research of similar water diversion system.
Baihetan Hydropower Station is the world′s second largest hydropower station with installation capacity of 16000 MW. The stability of the diversion and power generation system is very important for the operation of the whole power station. The free-pressure transition flow in the tailrace tunnel influences the stability of the diversion and power generation system seriously. In this paper, the effects of different flow states in the tailrace tunnel on the unit stability and water level fluctuation in the tailrace surge chamber are studied by the characteristic implicit scheme virtual slit method. The results show that the open channel flow in the tailrace tunnel can accelerate the stability of water level fluctuation in surge tank, which is conducive to the diversion system stability; however, for the free-pressure transition flow, the pressure fluctuation will worse the unit′s stable regulation quality, which is unfavorable to the diversion system stability; the length of the free-pressure flow section has little effect on the regulation quality of the unit and the length selection is not limited by the diversion system stability. The results may provide reference for the design and research of similar water diversion system.
引文
[1] 褚宝鑫,樊红刚,陈乃祥.具有明满交替流大型水电站的动态数值模拟及优化设计研究[J].工程力学,2003,20(4):166-170.
[2] 邵年,费文平,刘小江.彭水水利枢纽电站厂房布置方案研究[J].人民长江,1999,30(10):23-25.
[3] 周建旭,张健,刘德有.双机共变顶高尾水洞系统小波动稳定性研究[J].水利水电技术,2004,35(12):64-67.
[4] 李修树,胡铁松,陈恺祥,等.变顶高尾水系统小波动过渡过程中水流运动理论研究[J].长江科学院院报,2005,22(1):1-4.
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[6] 薛阿强,黄国兵,侯冬梅.三峡电站变顶高尾水洞水力过渡过程试验研究[J].人民长江,2014,45(11):82-85.
[7] 赵桂连,杨建东.水电站中两种尾水布置型式在超低水头下的小波动稳定性比较[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2001,34(2):28-31.
[8] 陈刚,周建旭,胡明.尾水洞出现明满流的水电站小波动稳定性分析[J].水利水电科技进展,2011,31(3):70-73.
[9] 程永光,张师华.具有长尾水渠的水电站的过渡过程[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),1997(3):43-46.
[10] 王威,吴时强,黄标,等.变坡长隧洞明满流水力特性研究[J].人民黄河,2017,39(6):94-98.
[11] Bourdarias C,Gerbi S.A finite volume scheme for a model coupling free surface and pressurised flows in pipes[M].Amsterdam Elsevier Science Publishers,2007.
[12] Ajam S M,Wang Y,Oberlack M.Modeling of Channel Flows with Transition Interface Separating Free Surface and Pressurized Channel Flows[M].Basel:Mathematical Optimization of Water Networks,2012:83-109.
[13] Li J.Modeling Mixed Flow in Storm Sewers[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,125(11):1170-1180.
[14] Almeida A B D,Koelle E.Fluid transients in pipe net-works[M].Southampton:Elsevier Applied Science,1992.
[15] 穆祥鹏,练继建,刘瀚和.复杂输水系统水力过渡的数值方法比较及适用性分析[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2008,41(5):515-521.
[16] 练继建,王俊,万五一,等.变时步的特征线法计算复杂输水系统的水力过渡过程[J].水利水电技术,2003,34(9):12-14.
[17] 樊红刚,陈乃祥.明满混合瞬变流动仿真计算分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40(11):63-66.
[18] 樊红刚,陈乃祥,杨琳.具有复杂拓扑结构明满流隧洞的水电站瞬变计算[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,45(8):1126-1129.
[19] 钮新强,杨建东,谢红兵,等.三峡地下电站变顶高尾水洞技术研究与应用[J].人民长江,2009,40(23):1-4.
[20] 树锦,袁健.基于L-F狭缝法的变顶高尾水洞过渡过程计[J].人民长江,2014,45(1):73-76.
[21] 张宗溥,花玉龙,程欢.导流洞改建尾水洞明满流过渡过程数值模拟[J].人民黄河,2015,37(4):105-108.
[2] 邵年,费文平,刘小江.彭水水利枢纽电站厂房布置方案研究[J].人民长江,1999,30(10):23-25.
[3] 周建旭,张健,刘德有.双机共变顶高尾水洞系统小波动稳定性研究[J].水利水电技术,2004,35(12):64-67.
[4] 李修树,胡铁松,陈恺祥,等.变顶高尾水系统小波动过渡过程中水流运动理论研究[J].长江科学院院报,2005,22(1):1-4.
[5] 王建华,李修树.三峡右岸地下电站变顶高尾水系统分析研究[J].人民长江,2002,33(7):1-3.
[6] 薛阿强,黄国兵,侯冬梅.三峡电站变顶高尾水洞水力过渡过程试验研究[J].人民长江,2014,45(11):82-85.
[7] 赵桂连,杨建东.水电站中两种尾水布置型式在超低水头下的小波动稳定性比较[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2001,34(2):28-31.
[8] 陈刚,周建旭,胡明.尾水洞出现明满流的水电站小波动稳定性分析[J].水利水电科技进展,2011,31(3):70-73.
[9] 程永光,张师华.具有长尾水渠的水电站的过渡过程[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),1997(3):43-46.
[10] 王威,吴时强,黄标,等.变坡长隧洞明满流水力特性研究[J].人民黄河,2017,39(6):94-98.
[11] Bourdarias C,Gerbi S.A finite volume scheme for a model coupling free surface and pressurised flows in pipes[M].Amsterdam Elsevier Science Publishers,2007.
[12] Ajam S M,Wang Y,Oberlack M.Modeling of Channel Flows with Transition Interface Separating Free Surface and Pressurized Channel Flows[M].Basel:Mathematical Optimization of Water Networks,2012:83-109.
[13] Li J.Modeling Mixed Flow in Storm Sewers[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,125(11):1170-1180.
[14] Almeida A B D,Koelle E.Fluid transients in pipe net-works[M].Southampton:Elsevier Applied Science,1992.
[15] 穆祥鹏,练继建,刘瀚和.复杂输水系统水力过渡的数值方法比较及适用性分析[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2008,41(5):515-521.
[16] 练继建,王俊,万五一,等.变时步的特征线法计算复杂输水系统的水力过渡过程[J].水利水电技术,2003,34(9):12-14.
[17] 樊红刚,陈乃祥.明满混合瞬变流动仿真计算分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40(11):63-66.
[18] 樊红刚,陈乃祥,杨琳.具有复杂拓扑结构明满流隧洞的水电站瞬变计算[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,45(8):1126-1129.
[19] 钮新强,杨建东,谢红兵,等.三峡地下电站变顶高尾水洞技术研究与应用[J].人民长江,2009,40(23):1-4.
[20] 树锦,袁健.基于L-F狭缝法的变顶高尾水洞过渡过程计[J].人民长江,2014,45(1):73-76.
[21] 张宗溥,花玉龙,程欢.导流洞改建尾水洞明满流过渡过程数值模拟[J].人民黄河,2015,37(4):105-108.