随钻电磁波测量仪器信号解耦及其在钻头前向探测中的应用
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摘要
采用水平层状各向异性介质中的并矢Green函数计算随钻电磁波测量仪器在地层中的响应。根据发射天线与接收天线的交叉排列方式和顺序排列方式提出将来自钻头前方地层的信号与来自仪器周围地层的信号进行最大程度解耦的方法。针对各向异性地层,还提出在这两种信号中将地层垂直电导率信息与水平电导率信息进行最大程度解耦的方法。结果表明:接收天线中来自仪器周围地层的感应电动势只受最低位置与最高位置天线之间地层电导率的影响,对钻头前方地层的存在并不敏感,可以利用该电动势精确获得地层的电导率参数;接收天线中来自钻头前方地层的感应电动势只受层界面的影响,利用该信号可以进行钻头前向探测从而指示出地层交界面的存在;来自钻头前方地层的信号与来自仪器周围地层的信号解耦程度与地层相对于仪器轴向的倾角有关,倾角越大,两种信号的解耦程度越低。
The response of the electromagnetic MWD tool was computed via the dyadic Green's functions in horizontally stratified anisotropic media. A method of decoupling anomalous formation signals ahead of the bit from formation signals around the tool to a maximum extent has been obtained for both alternating arrangement and serial arrangement of transmitter and receiver antennas. A method to maximiaze decoupling of horizontal conductivity from vertical conductivity in the two sets of signals above has also been obtained for anisotropic formations. The results show that the induced electromotive force from around-the-tool formations is only affected by the formation resistivity in between the lowest and highest antennas,and is not sensitive to the presence of layers ahead of the bit,therefore the formation conductivity can be accurately obtained. The induced electromotive force from ahead-of-bit formations is only affected by the layers suggesting that it can be used for aheadof-bit detection to accurately detect the presence of the layer. The decoupling extent of the ahead-of-bit signal from the around-the-tool signal is related to the dip angle of the formation with respect to the tool's axis,and large dipping angle leads to significant degradation in the decouping effect.
The response of the electromagnetic MWD tool was computed via the dyadic Green's functions in horizontally stratified anisotropic media. A method of decoupling anomalous formation signals ahead of the bit from formation signals around the tool to a maximum extent has been obtained for both alternating arrangement and serial arrangement of transmitter and receiver antennas. A method to maximiaze decoupling of horizontal conductivity from vertical conductivity in the two sets of signals above has also been obtained for anisotropic formations. The results show that the induced electromotive force from around-the-tool formations is only affected by the formation resistivity in between the lowest and highest antennas,and is not sensitive to the presence of layers ahead of the bit,therefore the formation conductivity can be accurately obtained. The induced electromotive force from ahead-of-bit formations is only affected by the layers suggesting that it can be used for aheadof-bit detection to accurately detect the presence of the layer. The decoupling extent of the ahead-of-bit signal from the around-the-tool signal is related to the dip angle of the formation with respect to the tool's axis,and large dipping angle leads to significant degradation in the decouping effect.
引文
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[18] WEI Baojun,ZHANG Gengji,LIU Qinghuo. Recursive algorithm and accurate computation of dyadic Green's functions for stratified uniaxial anisotropic media[J].Science in China(ser F),2008,51(1):63-80.
[19]魏宝君,王甜甜,王颖.用磁流源并矢Green函数的递推矩阵方法计算层状各向异性地层中多分量感应测井响应[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(11):2920-2928.WEI Baojun,WANG Tiantian,WANG Ying. Computing the response of multi-component induction logging in layered anisotropic formation by the recursive matrix method for magnetic-current-source dyadic Green's function[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2009,52(11):2920-2928.
[20]魏宝君,田坤,张旭,等.定向电磁波传播随钻测量基本理论及其在地层界面预测中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(10):2507-2515.WEI Baojun,TIAN Kun,ZHANG Xu,et al. Physics of directional electromagnetic propagation measurementswhile-drilling and its application for forecasting formation boundaries[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(10):2507-2515.
[21]汪宏年,陶宏根,姚敬金,等.用模式匹配算法研究层状各向异性倾斜地层中多分量感应测井响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1591-1599.WANG Hongnian,TAO Honggen,YAO Jingjin,et al.Study on the response of a multicomponent induction logging tool in deviated and layered anisotropic formations by using numerical mode matching method[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(5):1591-1599.
[2] SHEN L C. Theory of a coil-type resistivity sensor for MWD application[J]. The Log Analyst,1991,32(5):603-611.
[3] BITTAR M S,RODNEY P F,MACK S G,et al. A multiple-depth-of-investigation electromagnetic wave resistivity sensor:theory,experiment,and field test results[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1993,8(3):171-176.
[4] MEYER W H. New two frequency propagation resistivity tools[C/CD]. SPWLA 36th Annual Logging Symposium,Paper XX,June 1995,Paris,France.
[5] BITTAR M S,RODNEY P E. The effects of rock anisotropy on MWD electromagnetic wave resistivity sensors[J]. The Log Analyst,1996,37(1):20-30.
[6] BITTAR M S. Electromagnetic wave resistivity tool having a tilted antenna for determining the horizontal and vertical resistivities and relative dip angle in anisotropic earth formations:6163155[P]. 2000-12-19.
[7] BITTAR M S. Electromagnetic wave resistivity tool having a tilted antenna for geosteering within a desired payzone:6476609[P]. 2002-11-05.
[8] BITTAR M S. Fixed depth of investigating log for LWD resistivity tool[R]. SPE 84098,2003.
[9] IVERSON M. Geo-steering using ultra-deep resistivity on the Grane field Norwegian North Sea[C/CD]. SPWLA44th Annual Logging Symposium,Paper J,June 2003,Galveston,Texas,USA.
[10] LI Q,OMERAGIC D,CHOU L,et al. New directional electromagnetic tool for proactive geosteering and accurate formation evaluation while drilling[C/CD]. SPWLA 46th Annual Logging Symposium,Paper UU,June2005,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA.
[11] BITTAR M S,KLEIN J,BESTE R,et al. A new azimuthal deep-reading resistivity tool for geosteering and advanced formation evaluation[R]. SPE 109971,2007.
[12] SINCLAIR P. Method and apparatus for directional measurement of subsurface electrical properties:6100696[P]. 2000-08-08.
[13] ALLAN V,SINCLAIR P,PRAIN K,et al. Design,development and field introduction of a unique low-frequency(20kHz)induction resistivity logging-whiledrilling tool[C/CD]. SPWLA 45th Annual Logging Symposium,Paper XX,June 2004,Noordwijk,Netherlands.
[14]魏宝君,王成园,党峰,等.用柱状成层各向异性介质的并矢Green函数模拟多分量感应测井仪器的响应[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(2):59-69.WEI Baojun,WANG Chengyuan,DANG Feng,et al.Simulating responses of multi-component induction logging tools by dyadic Green's functions in cylindrically stratified anisotropic media[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(2):59-69.
[15]许巍,柯式镇,李安宗,等.随钻电磁波测井仪器结构影响的三维有限元模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(6):50-56.XU Wei,KE Shizhen,LI Anzong,et al. Structural effects analysis of an electromagnetic wave propagation resistivity LWD tool by 3D finite element method[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(6):50-56.
[16]魏宝君,曹景强,任广强,等.用柱状成层各向异性介质的并矢Green函数模拟偏心对多分量感应测井响应的影响[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(3):1234-1247.WEI Baojun,CAO Jingqiang,REN Guangqiang,et al.Simulating effect of tool eccentricity on responses of multi-component induction logging tools by dyadic Green's functions in cylindrically stratified anisotropic media[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(3):1234-1247.
[17]巫振观,范宜仁,王磊,等.随钻方位电磁波测井仪器偏心响应模拟及分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(5):69-76.WU Zhenguan,FAN Yiren,WANG Lei,et al. Numerical modeling and analysis of eccentricity effect on borehole response of azimuthal electromagnetic logging while drilling tool[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(5):69-76.
[18] WEI Baojun,ZHANG Gengji,LIU Qinghuo. Recursive algorithm and accurate computation of dyadic Green's functions for stratified uniaxial anisotropic media[J].Science in China(ser F),2008,51(1):63-80.
[19]魏宝君,王甜甜,王颖.用磁流源并矢Green函数的递推矩阵方法计算层状各向异性地层中多分量感应测井响应[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(11):2920-2928.WEI Baojun,WANG Tiantian,WANG Ying. Computing the response of multi-component induction logging in layered anisotropic formation by the recursive matrix method for magnetic-current-source dyadic Green's function[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2009,52(11):2920-2928.
[20]魏宝君,田坤,张旭,等.定向电磁波传播随钻测量基本理论及其在地层界面预测中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(10):2507-2515.WEI Baojun,TIAN Kun,ZHANG Xu,et al. Physics of directional electromagnetic propagation measurementswhile-drilling and its application for forecasting formation boundaries[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(10):2507-2515.
[21]汪宏年,陶宏根,姚敬金,等.用模式匹配算法研究层状各向异性倾斜地层中多分量感应测井响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1591-1599.WANG Hongnian,TAO Honggen,YAO Jingjin,et al.Study on the response of a multicomponent induction logging tool in deviated and layered anisotropic formations by using numerical mode matching method[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(5):1591-1599.