L-茶氨酸对小鼠肠道形态结构及游离氨基酸的影响
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摘要
将50只KM雄性小鼠按每组10只随机分为正常组、谷氨酰胺组及L-茶氨酸低、中、高剂量组,连续灌喂28 d,探究L-茶氨酸对小鼠肠道形态结构及游离氨基酸的影响。结果表明,与正常组相比,小鼠肠道绒毛高度随L-茶氨酸剂量的增大而增加,各剂量组的十二指肠绒毛高度和中、高剂量组的空肠绒毛高度及其绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值均达显著水平(P<0.05),血清游离氨基酸含量及中、高剂量组的尿素氮含量显著降低(P<0.05),高剂量组的碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05);L-茶氨酸对不同肠道游离氨基酸含量的影响随剂量的增大而升高,其中,十二指肠中的各茶氨酸剂量组的全部必需氨基酸和大部分非必需氨基酸显著升高(P<0.05),且高剂量组的必需氨基酸含量显著高于低剂量组(P<0.05);空肠中的低剂量组的必需氨基酸Thr、Lys、Ile及中、高剂量组的全部必需氨基酸含量显著升高,且中、高剂量组中除Cit外的其他氨基酸含量均显著高于低剂量组(P<0.05);回肠中的低、中、高剂量组的全部必需氨基酸及大部分非必需氨基酸含量显著降低,且中、高剂量组中除GABA外的其他氨基酸含量显著高于低剂量组(P<0.05)。结果表明,L-茶氨酸可通过增加肠道绒毛高度、提高绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值来改善小鼠肠道形态结构,同时可促进十二指肠、空肠对氨基酸的吸收利用。
Fifty KM male mice were randomly divided into the normal, glutamine and low, medium and high dose Ltheanine treatment groups with 10 mice/group. The mice were continuously fed for 28 days to investigate the effects of L-theanine on intestinal morphology and free amino acids. The results show that compared with the normal group, the intestinal villus height increased with the increase of L-theanine dosage. The duodenal villus height in each L-theanine groups, the jejunum villus height and villus height/crypt depth in the middle and high dose L-theanine groups were significantly increased(P<0.05). The levels of free amino acids in serum, urea nitrogen in high-andmiddle-dose L-theanine groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase and total protein were significantly increased in high-dose L-theanine group(P<0.05). The dose-dependent increase effect of L-theanine on the contents of free amino acids in different intestinal tract were also observed. In the duodenum, all essential amino acids and most of the non-essential amino acids in the L-theanine dose groups increased significantly(P<0.05). The essential amino acid contents in the high dose group were significantly higher than those in the low dose group(P<0.05). In the jejunum, the essential amino Thr, Lys and Ile in the low dose group and all essential amino acids in the middle and high dose groups were significantly increased. Other amino acids except Cit in the middle and high dose groups were significantly higher than those in the low dose group(P<0.05). In the ileum, all essential amino acids in the middle and high dose groups were significantly reduced, and other amino acid contents in the middle and high dose groups were significantly higher than the low dose group except for GABA(P<0.05). The results suggest that L-theanine can improve the intestinal morphology of mice by increasing the villus height of the intestine and the villus height/crypt depth, promoting the absorption and utilization of amino acids in duodenum and jejunum.
Fifty KM male mice were randomly divided into the normal, glutamine and low, medium and high dose Ltheanine treatment groups with 10 mice/group. The mice were continuously fed for 28 days to investigate the effects of L-theanine on intestinal morphology and free amino acids. The results show that compared with the normal group, the intestinal villus height increased with the increase of L-theanine dosage. The duodenal villus height in each L-theanine groups, the jejunum villus height and villus height/crypt depth in the middle and high dose L-theanine groups were significantly increased(P<0.05). The levels of free amino acids in serum, urea nitrogen in high-andmiddle-dose L-theanine groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase and total protein were significantly increased in high-dose L-theanine group(P<0.05). The dose-dependent increase effect of L-theanine on the contents of free amino acids in different intestinal tract were also observed. In the duodenum, all essential amino acids and most of the non-essential amino acids in the L-theanine dose groups increased significantly(P<0.05). The essential amino acid contents in the high dose group were significantly higher than those in the low dose group(P<0.05). In the jejunum, the essential amino Thr, Lys and Ile in the low dose group and all essential amino acids in the middle and high dose groups were significantly increased. Other amino acids except Cit in the middle and high dose groups were significantly higher than those in the low dose group(P<0.05). In the ileum, all essential amino acids in the middle and high dose groups were significantly reduced, and other amino acid contents in the middle and high dose groups were significantly higher than the low dose group except for GABA(P<0.05). The results suggest that L-theanine can improve the intestinal morphology of mice by increasing the villus height of the intestine and the villus height/crypt depth, promoting the absorption and utilization of amino acids in duodenum and jejunum.
引文
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[3]刘遵莹,刘秋玲,邓燕莉,等.L-茶氨酸对产肠毒素大肠杆菌引起的免疫应激小鼠肠道的保护作用研究[J].茶叶科学,2016,36(5):469-476.
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[10]谭俊峰,李靓,何普明,等.茶氨酸对ICR小鼠免疫功能的影响及其急性毒性初步研究[J].茶叶科学,2011,31(1):17-21.
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[14]伍国耀.小肠氨基酸的代谢:动物营养的新视角[J].饲料工业,2011(22):52-58.
[15]孙玉丽.L-亮氨酸对新生哺乳仔猪肠道发育及氨基酸转运影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[16]管武太.理想氨基酸模式提高猪生产性能的机理[D].北京:中国农业大学,1997.
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[18]朱繁,王丽霞,贾杏林,等.饲粮中添加表皮生长因子对断奶仔猪血清生化指标、血清游离氨基酸和小肠黏膜水解氨基酸含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(07):2519-2528).
[19]江敏,阮征,米书梅,等.色氨酸对断奶仔猪氨基酸转运载体的影响[J].现代食品科技,2016(02):40-45.
[20]KAKUDA T,HINOI E,ABE A,et al.Theanine,an ingredient of green tea,inhibits[3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain[J].J Neurosci Res,2008,86(8):1846-1856.
[21]熊霞,阳成波,印遇龙.肠道氨基酸及氨基酸转运载体研究进展[J].生理科学进展,2012,43(3):202-206.
[2]WANG J,CHEN L,LI P,et al.Gene expression is altered in piglet small intestine by weaning and dietary glutamine supplementation[J].Journal of Nutrition,2008,138(6):1025-1032.
[3]刘遵莹,刘秋玲,邓燕莉,等.L-茶氨酸对产肠毒素大肠杆菌引起的免疫应激小鼠肠道的保护作用研究[J].茶叶科学,2016,36(5):469-476.
[4]FRIEDMAN M,MACKEY B E,KIM H,et al.Structure-activity relationships of tea compounds against human cancer cells[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2007,55(2):243-253.
[5]YONEDA J I S S M.SUN-P113:oral administration of amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal inflammation by suppressing the recruitment of inflammatory monocyte[J].Clinical Nutrition,2017,36:S96.
[6]TERASHIMA T,TAKIDO J,YOKOGOSHI H.Time-dependent changes of amino acids in the serum,liver,brain and urine of rats administered with theanine[J].1999,63(4):615-618.
[7]童海鸥,李成舰,颜琼娴,等.L-茶氨酸对断乳大鼠血清及肝脏氨基酸谱的影响[J].食品科学,2016,(15):247-252.
[8]SUGIYAMA M,YOSHIZUMI T,YOSHIDA Y,et al.p62promotes amino acid sensitivity of mTOR pathway and hepatic differentiation in adult liver stem/progenitor cells[J].Journal of Cellular Physiology,2017,232(8):2112-2124.
[9]OGAWA S,OTA M,OGURA J,et al.Effects of l-theanine on anxiety-like behavior,cerebrospinal fluid amino acid profile,and hippocampal activity in wistar kyoto rats[J].Psychopharmacology,2018,235(1):37-45.
[10]谭俊峰,李靓,何普明,等.茶氨酸对ICR小鼠免疫功能的影响及其急性毒性初步研究[J].茶叶科学,2011,31(1):17-21.
[11]周玉香,吕玉玲,王洁,等.血液生化指标在动物生产与营养调控研究中的应用概况[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2012(Z1):72-74.
[12]SELF J T,SPENCER T E,JOHNSON G A,et al.Glutamine synthesis in the developing porcine placenta1[J].Biology of Reproduction,2004,70(5):1444-1451.
[13]UNNO T,SUZUKI Y,KAKUDA T,et al.Metabolism of theanine,gamma-glutamylethylamide,in rats[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,1999(4):1593-1596.
[14]伍国耀.小肠氨基酸的代谢:动物营养的新视角[J].饲料工业,2011(22):52-58.
[15]孙玉丽.L-亮氨酸对新生哺乳仔猪肠道发育及氨基酸转运影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[16]管武太.理想氨基酸模式提高猪生产性能的机理[D].北京:中国农业大学,1997.
[17]STOLL B,HENRY J,REEDS P J,et al.Catabolism dominates the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary essential amino acids in milk protein-fed piglets[J].Journal of Nutrition,1998,128(3):606-614.
[18]朱繁,王丽霞,贾杏林,等.饲粮中添加表皮生长因子对断奶仔猪血清生化指标、血清游离氨基酸和小肠黏膜水解氨基酸含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(07):2519-2528).
[19]江敏,阮征,米书梅,等.色氨酸对断奶仔猪氨基酸转运载体的影响[J].现代食品科技,2016(02):40-45.
[20]KAKUDA T,HINOI E,ABE A,et al.Theanine,an ingredient of green tea,inhibits[3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain[J].J Neurosci Res,2008,86(8):1846-1856.
[21]熊霞,阳成波,印遇龙.肠道氨基酸及氨基酸转运载体研究进展[J].生理科学进展,2012,43(3):202-206.