荆州碘泡虫寄生部位种群分化
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摘要
【目的】研究荆州碘泡虫(Myxobolus kingchowensis)寄生于同种宿主不同寄生部位的种群分化及系统发育关系。【方法】对荆州碘泡虫不同种群及相似物种的形态和它们18SrDNA序列的变异位点、相似度、遗传距离、AT碱基比进行比较,分析了它们的系统发育关系。【结果】荆州碘泡虫重庆胆囊种群、武汉肌肉种群和武汉肾脏种群的形态学特征基本一致。各种群18SrDNA序列相似度为98.8%～100.0%,遗传距离为0.000～0.009,变异位点数为3～12个,AT碱基比(53.29%)高于GC碱基比(46.71%)。荆州碘泡虫不同种群及相似物种的系统发育树分为两大枝,孢子前端平滑且钝圆的的物种聚为一枝,孢子前端较尖的物种聚为了另一枝;鳃寄生的碘泡虫整体处于该系统发育树的基部。【结论】寄生于异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)上不同器官部位的荆州碘泡虫已出现种群分化;孢子形态上相似的碘泡虫物种具有更近的亲缘关系;较之于肌肉、肾脏、胆囊、骨骼肌、鳔和肠寄生的碘泡虫而言,鳃寄生碘泡虫分化较早。
[Purposes]It aims to investigate the population divergence of Myxobolus kingchowensis on different parasite-sites and phylogenetic relationship.[Methods]Comparisons were conducted on M.kingchowensis with the related congeners via their morphological characteristics,sequence similarity,genetic distance,variable sites,AT ratio and phylogeny based on 18 SrDNA.[Findings]Basically,the populations of M.kingchowensis from Chongqing and Wuhan shared a consistent morphological characteristics;these populations had 98.8% ～100.0% similarity,0.000～0.009 genetic distance,and 3～12 variation sites and higher AT ratio(53.29%)than GC ratio(46.71%);the phylogenetic tree revealed that Myxobolus species were grouped into two main groups:species with smooth and blunt round spore morphology clustered together as a clade,which is sister to another clade formed by the species with sharp spores;the gill-infecting species of Myxobolus are generally at the base of the phylogenetic tree.[Conclusions]Populations of M.kingchowensis infecting different sites of Carassius auratus gibelio were genetically divergent;species with similar spores shape were closely related;the gill-infecting species of Myxobolus diverged earlier than those infecting muscle,kidney,gall bladder,skeletal muscle,swim bladder and intestine.
[Purposes]It aims to investigate the population divergence of Myxobolus kingchowensis on different parasite-sites and phylogenetic relationship.[Methods]Comparisons were conducted on M.kingchowensis with the related congeners via their morphological characteristics,sequence similarity,genetic distance,variable sites,AT ratio and phylogeny based on 18 SrDNA.[Findings]Basically,the populations of M.kingchowensis from Chongqing and Wuhan shared a consistent morphological characteristics;these populations had 98.8% ～100.0% similarity,0.000～0.009 genetic distance,and 3～12 variation sites and higher AT ratio(53.29%)than GC ratio(46.71%);the phylogenetic tree revealed that Myxobolus species were grouped into two main groups:species with smooth and blunt round spore morphology clustered together as a clade,which is sister to another clade formed by the species with sharp spores;the gill-infecting species of Myxobolus are generally at the base of the phylogenetic tree.[Conclusions]Populations of M.kingchowensis infecting different sites of Carassius auratus gibelio were genetically divergent;species with similar spores shape were closely related;the gill-infecting species of Myxobolus diverged earlier than those infecting muscle,kidney,gall bladder,skeletal muscle,swim bladder and intestine.
引文
[1]KENT M L,ANDREE K B,BARTHOLOMEW J L,et al.Recent advances in our knowledge of the Myxozoa[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,2010,48(4):395-413.
[2]LODH N,KERANS B L,STEVENS L.The parasite that causes whirling disease,Myxobolus cerebralis,is genetically variable within and across spatial scales[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,2012,59(1):80-87.
[3]MOLNR K,SZKELY C.Myxobolus infection of the gills of common bream(Abramis brama L.)in Lake Balaton and in the Kis-Balaton reservoir,Hungary[J].Acta Veterinaria Hungarica,1999,47(4):419-432.
[4]ABDEL-GHAFFAR F,ABDEL-BAKI A A,GARHY M E.Ultrastructural characteristics of the sporogenesis of genus,Myxobolus,infecting some Nile fishes in Egypt[J].Parasitology Research,2005,95(3):167-171.
[5]ZHAO Y J,AL-FARRAJ S A,AL-RASHEID K A S,et al.Data on ten new myxosporean parasites(Myxozoa,Myxosporea,Bivalvulida)from the Yellow sea,China[J].Acta Protozoologica,2015,54(4):305-323.
[6]ALI M,ABDEL-BAKI A A,SAKRAN T.Myxidium elmatboulii n.sp and Ceratomyxa ghaffari n.sp(Myxozoa:Myxosporea)parasitic in the gallbladder of the red sea houndrish Tylosurus choram(Ruppell,1837)(Teleostei:Belonidae)from the Red sea,Egypt[J].Acta Protozoologica,2006,45(1):97-103.
[7]宋微波,赵元莙,徐奎栋,等.海水养殖中的危害性原生动物[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:315-428.SONG W B,ZHAO Y J,XU K D,et al.Pathogenic protozoa in mariculture[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:315-428.
[8]CANNING E U,OKAMURA B.Biodiversity and evolution of the myxozoa[J].Advances in Parasitology,2004,56(2):44-131.
[9]索栋,赵元莙.尼氏单极虫(粘体门,双壳目)重描述及基于18SrDNA系统地位分析[J].动物分类学报,2010,35(1):90-95.SUO D,ZHAO Y J.Morphological redescription of T.nikolskii Achmerov,1955(Myxozoa,Bivalvulida)and phylogenic analysis of Thelohanellus nikolskii inferred from 18S rDNA[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2010,35(1):90-95.
[10]OKAMURA B,GRUHL A,BARTHOLOMEW J L.An introduction to myxozoan evolution,ecology and development[M]//OKAMURA B,GRUHL A,BARTHOLOMEW J L.Myxozoan evolution,ecology and development.[S.l.]:Springer International Publishing,2015:1-20.
[11]EIRAS J C,MOLNR K,LU Y S.Synopsis of the species of Myxobolus Bütschli,1882(Myxozoa:Myxosporea:Myxobolidae)[J].Systematic Parasitology,2005,61(1):1-46.
[12]LOM J,DYKOVI.Myxozoan genera:definition and notes on taxonomy,life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species[J].Folia Parasitologica,2006,53(1):1-36.
[13]ZHANG J Y,YOKOYAMA H,WANG J G,et al.Utilization of tissue habitats by Myxobolus wulii,Landsberg&Lom,1991in different carp hosts and disease resistance in allogynogenetic gibel carp:redescription of M.wulii,from China and Japan[J].Journal of Fish Diseases,2010,33(1):57-68.
[14]陈启鎏,马成伦.中国动物志,粘体门[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:412-524.CHEN Q L,MA C L.China Fauna:Myxozoa,Bivalvulida(Freshwater)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998:412-524.
[15]赵子明,刘新华,赵媛莉,等.荆州碘泡虫(粘体动物门,碘泡虫科)重描述及其基于18srdna系统发育关系分析[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(2):79-85.ZHAO Z M,LIU X H,ZHAO Y L,et al.Redescription and phylogenetic analysis based on 18SrDNA of Myxobolus kingchowensis(Myxozoa,Myxobolidae)[J].FreshwaterFisheries,2017,47(2):79-85.
[16]赵元莙,马成伦,宋微波.海水养殖中原生动物病原虫的鉴定—Ⅱ粘孢子虫的研究及鉴定方法[J].青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2001,31(5):681-688.ZHAO Y J,MA C L,SONG W B.Illustrated guide to the identification of pathogenetic protozoa in maricuture-II diagnostic methods for the myxosporean[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao(Natural Science),2001,31:681-688.
[17]HILLIS D M,DIXON M T.Ribosomal DNA:molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference[J].Quarterly Review of Biology,1991,66(4):411-453.
[18]WHIPPS C M,ADLARD R D,BRYANT M S,et al.First report of three Kudoa species from Eastern Australia:Kudoa thyrsites from mahi mahi(Coryphaena hippurus),Kudoa amamiensis and Kudoa minithyrsites n.sp.from sweeper(Pempheris ypsilychnus)[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,2003,50(3):215-219.
[19]高永杰,杨承忠,赵元莙.多涅茨尾孢虫ITS-5.8SrDNA的种群地理学研究[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,32(3):48-53.GAO Y J,YANG C Z,ZHAO Y J.Population geography of Henneguya doneci base on ITS-5.8SrDNA[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2015,32(3):48-53.
[20]TAMURA K,STECHER G,PETERSON D,et al.MEGA6:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version6.0[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution,2013,30(12):2725-2729.
[21]RONQUIST F,HUELSENBECK J P.MrBayes 3:Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models[J].Bioinformatics,2003,19(12):1572-1574.
[22]李楠楠,赵元莙,唐发辉,等.基于18Sr DNA序列对单尾虫属(粘体门,双壳目)的系统学研究[J].内江师范学院学报,2012,27(12):38-42.LI N N,ZHAO Y J,TANG F H,et al.Phylogenetic study on Unicauda genus(Myxozoa,Bivalvulida)based on 18S rDNA sequences[J].Neijiang Normal University,2012,27(12):38-42.
[23]SZKELY C,CECH G,CHAUDHARY A,et al.Myxozoan infections of the three Indian major carps in fish ponds around Meerut,UP,India,with descriptions of three new species,Myxobolus basuhaldari sp.n.,M.kalavatiae sp.n.and M.meerutensis sp.n.,and the redescription of M.catlae and M.bhadrensis[J].Parasitology Research,2015,114(4):1301-1311.
[24]ZHAO Y J,LI N N,TANG F H,et al.Remarks on the validity of Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus and Myxobolus honghuensis(Myxozoa:Myxosporea)based on SSU rDNA sequences[J].Parasitology Research,2013,112(11):3817-3823.
[25]MOLNR K,ESZTERBAUER E,MARTON S,et al.Comparison of the Myxobolus fauna of common barbel from Hungary and Iberian barbel from Portugal[J].Diseases of Aquatic Organisms,2015,100(3):231-248.
[26]KARLSBAKK E,KRISTMUNDSSON,ALBANO M,et al.Redescription and phylogenetic position of Myxobolus aeglefini and Myxobolus platessae n.Comb.(Myxosporea),parasites in the cartilage of some North Atlantic marine fishes,with notes on the phylogeny and classification of the Platysporina[J].Parasitology International,2017,66(1):952-959.
[27]URAWA S,FREEMAN M A,JOHNSON S C,et al.Geographical variation in spore morphology,gene sequences,and host specificity of Myxobolus arcticus(Myxozoa)infecting salmonid nerve tissues[J].Diseases of Aquatic Organisms,2011,96(3):229-237.
[28]YOKOYAMA H,YANAGIDA T,FREEMAN M A,et al.Molecular diagnosis of Myxobolus spirosulcatus associated with encephalomyelitis of cultured yellowtail,Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck&Schlegel[J].Journal of Fish Diseases,2010,33(12):939-946.
[29]冉佼,杨承忠,赵元莙.基于遗传距离的粘孢子虫分类研究[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,31(3):31-34.RAN J,YANG C Z,ZHAO Y J.Taxonomic research of the Myxosporidia based on genetic distance[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2014,31(3):31-34.
[30]FIALA I,BARTOOVP.History of myxozoan character evolution on the basis of rDNA and EF-2data[J].BMC Evolutionary Biology,2010,10(1):228.
[2]LODH N,KERANS B L,STEVENS L.The parasite that causes whirling disease,Myxobolus cerebralis,is genetically variable within and across spatial scales[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,2012,59(1):80-87.
[3]MOLNR K,SZKELY C.Myxobolus infection of the gills of common bream(Abramis brama L.)in Lake Balaton and in the Kis-Balaton reservoir,Hungary[J].Acta Veterinaria Hungarica,1999,47(4):419-432.
[4]ABDEL-GHAFFAR F,ABDEL-BAKI A A,GARHY M E.Ultrastructural characteristics of the sporogenesis of genus,Myxobolus,infecting some Nile fishes in Egypt[J].Parasitology Research,2005,95(3):167-171.
[5]ZHAO Y J,AL-FARRAJ S A,AL-RASHEID K A S,et al.Data on ten new myxosporean parasites(Myxozoa,Myxosporea,Bivalvulida)from the Yellow sea,China[J].Acta Protozoologica,2015,54(4):305-323.
[6]ALI M,ABDEL-BAKI A A,SAKRAN T.Myxidium elmatboulii n.sp and Ceratomyxa ghaffari n.sp(Myxozoa:Myxosporea)parasitic in the gallbladder of the red sea houndrish Tylosurus choram(Ruppell,1837)(Teleostei:Belonidae)from the Red sea,Egypt[J].Acta Protozoologica,2006,45(1):97-103.
[7]宋微波,赵元莙,徐奎栋,等.海水养殖中的危害性原生动物[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:315-428.SONG W B,ZHAO Y J,XU K D,et al.Pathogenic protozoa in mariculture[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:315-428.
[8]CANNING E U,OKAMURA B.Biodiversity and evolution of the myxozoa[J].Advances in Parasitology,2004,56(2):44-131.
[9]索栋,赵元莙.尼氏单极虫(粘体门,双壳目)重描述及基于18SrDNA系统地位分析[J].动物分类学报,2010,35(1):90-95.SUO D,ZHAO Y J.Morphological redescription of T.nikolskii Achmerov,1955(Myxozoa,Bivalvulida)and phylogenic analysis of Thelohanellus nikolskii inferred from 18S rDNA[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2010,35(1):90-95.
[10]OKAMURA B,GRUHL A,BARTHOLOMEW J L.An introduction to myxozoan evolution,ecology and development[M]//OKAMURA B,GRUHL A,BARTHOLOMEW J L.Myxozoan evolution,ecology and development.[S.l.]:Springer International Publishing,2015:1-20.
[11]EIRAS J C,MOLNR K,LU Y S.Synopsis of the species of Myxobolus Bütschli,1882(Myxozoa:Myxosporea:Myxobolidae)[J].Systematic Parasitology,2005,61(1):1-46.
[12]LOM J,DYKOVI.Myxozoan genera:definition and notes on taxonomy,life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species[J].Folia Parasitologica,2006,53(1):1-36.
[13]ZHANG J Y,YOKOYAMA H,WANG J G,et al.Utilization of tissue habitats by Myxobolus wulii,Landsberg&Lom,1991in different carp hosts and disease resistance in allogynogenetic gibel carp:redescription of M.wulii,from China and Japan[J].Journal of Fish Diseases,2010,33(1):57-68.
[14]陈启鎏,马成伦.中国动物志,粘体门[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:412-524.CHEN Q L,MA C L.China Fauna:Myxozoa,Bivalvulida(Freshwater)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998:412-524.
[15]赵子明,刘新华,赵媛莉,等.荆州碘泡虫(粘体动物门,碘泡虫科)重描述及其基于18srdna系统发育关系分析[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(2):79-85.ZHAO Z M,LIU X H,ZHAO Y L,et al.Redescription and phylogenetic analysis based on 18SrDNA of Myxobolus kingchowensis(Myxozoa,Myxobolidae)[J].FreshwaterFisheries,2017,47(2):79-85.
[16]赵元莙,马成伦,宋微波.海水养殖中原生动物病原虫的鉴定—Ⅱ粘孢子虫的研究及鉴定方法[J].青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2001,31(5):681-688.ZHAO Y J,MA C L,SONG W B.Illustrated guide to the identification of pathogenetic protozoa in maricuture-II diagnostic methods for the myxosporean[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao(Natural Science),2001,31:681-688.
[17]HILLIS D M,DIXON M T.Ribosomal DNA:molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference[J].Quarterly Review of Biology,1991,66(4):411-453.
[18]WHIPPS C M,ADLARD R D,BRYANT M S,et al.First report of three Kudoa species from Eastern Australia:Kudoa thyrsites from mahi mahi(Coryphaena hippurus),Kudoa amamiensis and Kudoa minithyrsites n.sp.from sweeper(Pempheris ypsilychnus)[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,2003,50(3):215-219.
[19]高永杰,杨承忠,赵元莙.多涅茨尾孢虫ITS-5.8SrDNA的种群地理学研究[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,32(3):48-53.GAO Y J,YANG C Z,ZHAO Y J.Population geography of Henneguya doneci base on ITS-5.8SrDNA[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2015,32(3):48-53.
[20]TAMURA K,STECHER G,PETERSON D,et al.MEGA6:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version6.0[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution,2013,30(12):2725-2729.
[21]RONQUIST F,HUELSENBECK J P.MrBayes 3:Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models[J].Bioinformatics,2003,19(12):1572-1574.
[22]李楠楠,赵元莙,唐发辉,等.基于18Sr DNA序列对单尾虫属(粘体门,双壳目)的系统学研究[J].内江师范学院学报,2012,27(12):38-42.LI N N,ZHAO Y J,TANG F H,et al.Phylogenetic study on Unicauda genus(Myxozoa,Bivalvulida)based on 18S rDNA sequences[J].Neijiang Normal University,2012,27(12):38-42.
[23]SZKELY C,CECH G,CHAUDHARY A,et al.Myxozoan infections of the three Indian major carps in fish ponds around Meerut,UP,India,with descriptions of three new species,Myxobolus basuhaldari sp.n.,M.kalavatiae sp.n.and M.meerutensis sp.n.,and the redescription of M.catlae and M.bhadrensis[J].Parasitology Research,2015,114(4):1301-1311.
[24]ZHAO Y J,LI N N,TANG F H,et al.Remarks on the validity of Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus and Myxobolus honghuensis(Myxozoa:Myxosporea)based on SSU rDNA sequences[J].Parasitology Research,2013,112(11):3817-3823.
[25]MOLNR K,ESZTERBAUER E,MARTON S,et al.Comparison of the Myxobolus fauna of common barbel from Hungary and Iberian barbel from Portugal[J].Diseases of Aquatic Organisms,2015,100(3):231-248.
[26]KARLSBAKK E,KRISTMUNDSSON,ALBANO M,et al.Redescription and phylogenetic position of Myxobolus aeglefini and Myxobolus platessae n.Comb.(Myxosporea),parasites in the cartilage of some North Atlantic marine fishes,with notes on the phylogeny and classification of the Platysporina[J].Parasitology International,2017,66(1):952-959.
[27]URAWA S,FREEMAN M A,JOHNSON S C,et al.Geographical variation in spore morphology,gene sequences,and host specificity of Myxobolus arcticus(Myxozoa)infecting salmonid nerve tissues[J].Diseases of Aquatic Organisms,2011,96(3):229-237.
[28]YOKOYAMA H,YANAGIDA T,FREEMAN M A,et al.Molecular diagnosis of Myxobolus spirosulcatus associated with encephalomyelitis of cultured yellowtail,Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck&Schlegel[J].Journal of Fish Diseases,2010,33(12):939-946.
[29]冉佼,杨承忠,赵元莙.基于遗传距离的粘孢子虫分类研究[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,31(3):31-34.RAN J,YANG C Z,ZHAO Y J.Taxonomic research of the Myxosporidia based on genetic distance[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2014,31(3):31-34.
[30]FIALA I,BARTOOVP.History of myxozoan character evolution on the basis of rDNA and EF-2data[J].BMC Evolutionary Biology,2010,10(1):228.