不同营养液浓度对小白菜生物量及硝酸盐含量的影响
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摘要
为明确在不影响小白菜生物量情况下,有效降低硝酸盐含量的最佳水肥供应方式,为实际生产中采取的经济环保且硝酸盐低残留的施肥方法提供依据,笔者以小白菜为原料,采用无土栽培,探讨不同EC值营养液对小白菜生物量、吸水量及其体内硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明:小白菜定植10天内,营养液浓度的改变对其生理指标没有显著影响。定植10天后到收获,当营养液浓度<2.4 dS/m时,小白菜的生理指标随着营养液浓度的增加而增加;营养液浓度≥2.4 d S/m时,营养液浓度的增加对鲜质量没有显著影响。小白菜收获时EC值≥2.4 dS/m时提高营养液浓度会显著增加小白菜体内硝酸盐的积累。小白菜的吸水量和营养液浓度呈正相关,当营养液浓度为2.4 dS/m时,小白菜的水分利用率最高。因此,在小白菜定植10天内使用1.2 dS/m浓度的营养液进行栽培,定植10天后营养液浓度逐渐增加至2.4 dS/m直至栽培结束,能够最大程度提高产量和水分利用率并把硝酸盐含量维持在一个较低水平。
To find the best water-manure supply method of reducing nitrate content without affecting biomass of Brassica campestris L., and provide reference for the economic and environmental fertilizing method with lownitrate residue, the effect of different EC value nutrient solutions on the biomass, soakage and nitrate content of B. campestris L. was studied. The results showed that in the 10 days of field setting, the concentration ofnutrient solution rarely influenced the physical indexes. After 10 days, the physical indexes increased with theincrease of nutrient solution concentration below 2.4 dS/m, and it had no significant effect on fresh weight whenthe concentration was higher than or equal to 2.4 dS/m. The nitrate content obviously increased in harvest timewhen EC value was more than or equal to 2.4 d S/m. The water absorbing ability of B. campestris L. waspositively correlated with the concentration of nutrient solution, and water use efficiency reached the highestunder nutrient solution concentration of 2.4 dS/m. The best culture condition is: 1.2 dS/m in the first 10 days of field setting and then 2.4 dS/m instead.
To find the best water-manure supply method of reducing nitrate content without affecting biomass of Brassica campestris L., and provide reference for the economic and environmental fertilizing method with lownitrate residue, the effect of different EC value nutrient solutions on the biomass, soakage and nitrate content of B. campestris L. was studied. The results showed that in the 10 days of field setting, the concentration ofnutrient solution rarely influenced the physical indexes. After 10 days, the physical indexes increased with theincrease of nutrient solution concentration below 2.4 dS/m, and it had no significant effect on fresh weight whenthe concentration was higher than or equal to 2.4 dS/m. The nitrate content obviously increased in harvest timewhen EC value was more than or equal to 2.4 d S/m. The water absorbing ability of B. campestris L. waspositively correlated with the concentration of nutrient solution, and water use efficiency reached the highestunder nutrient solution concentration of 2.4 dS/m. The best culture condition is: 1.2 dS/m in the first 10 days of field setting and then 2.4 dS/m instead.
引文
[1]沈明珠,翟宝杰,东惠茹,等.蔬菜硝酸盐累积的研究[J].园艺学报,1982,9(4):41-48.
[2]王正银,李会合,李宝珍,等.氮肥、土壤肥力和采收期对小白菜体内硝酸盐含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(9):1057-1064.
[3]都韶婷,章永松,林咸永,等.蔬菜积累的硝酸盐及其对人体健康的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):2007-2014.
[4] Olday F C, Barker A V, Maynard D N. A physiological basis for different patterns of nitrate accumulation in two spinach cultivars[J].J Amer Soc Hort Sci,1976,10(3):217-219.
[5]李会合,王正银.施肥对叶类蔬菜硝酸盐含量的影响[J].磷肥与复肥,2001,16(3):65-67.
[6]汪李平,向长萍,王运华.我国蔬菜硝酸盐污染状况及防治途径研究进展[J].长江蔬菜,2000(4):1-4.
[7] Petrovic N, Kastori R, Scaife A. Production of leafy vegetable with the low concentration of nitrate[C]. Proceedings 2nd Congress of the European Society for Agronomy,Warwick University,1992:422-423.
[8]都韶婷,金崇伟,章永松.蔬菜硝酸盐积累现状及其调控措施研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(17):3580-3589.
[9] McCall D, Willumsen J. Effects of nitrogen availability and supplementary light on the nitrate content of soil-grown lettuce[J].Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology,1999,74(4):458-463.
[10]刘永刚,陈利军,武志杰.蔬菜中硝酸盐的积累机制及其调控措施[J].土壤通报,2006,37(3):612-616.
[11] Kazuhisa Katoa, Toshihiro Ueta, Eiichi Matsumoto. Soil Nitratenitrogen Testing to Reduce the Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Nitrate Concentration in a Year-round Cultivation of Komatsuna(Brassica rapa L. Perviridis Group)in a Greenhouse[J].Hort Res,2013,12(1):43-49.
[12] Correia M J, Fonseca F, Azedo-Silva J, et al. Effects of water deficit on the activity of nitrate reductase and content of sugars,nitrate and free amino acids in the leaves and roots of sunflower and white lupin plants growing under two nutrient supply regimes[J].Physiologia Plantarum, 2005,124(1):61-70.
[13] Foyer C H, Valadier M H, Migge A, et al. Drought-Induced Effects on Nitrate Reductase Activity and mRNA and on the Coordination of Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism in Maize Leaves[J]. Plant Physiology,1998,117:283-292.
[14] Corre W J, Breimer T. Nitrate and Nitrite in Vegetables[M].Wageningen:centre for agricultural publishing and documentation,1979.
[15]王朝晖,田霄鸿,李生秀.土壤水分对降低蔬菜体内硝酸盐效果的研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1997,25(6):15-20.
[16]李胜利,王建辉,孙治强.营养液深度对水培生菜生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(8):343-345.
[17]任尚杰,方伟,张国敏,等.两种浓度营养液下水培生菜和小白菜生长特性及品质研究[J].作物杂志,2011(3):42-46.
[18]谢勇,乐素菊.不同配方营养液对小白菜产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007(5):278-280.
[19] Huixia Li, Tomono Inokuchi, Tomomi Nagaoka, et al. NO3-Requirement and the Quantitative Management Method of Nutrient Solution Based on NO3-Supply in Hydroponic Culture of Radish Plants[J]. J Japan Soc Hort Sci,2014,83(1):44-51.
[20] Yutaka Shinohara, Satoru Tsukagoshi, Naoko Hayashi, et al.Development of the Fertigation Control Based on Cumulative Solar Radiation to Decrease the Nitrate Concentration in Spinach[J]. Hort Res,2007,6(2):189-193.
[21] Yutaka Shinohara, Satoru Tsukagoshi, Naoko Hayashi, et al.Practical Use of the Fertigation Control Based on Cumulative Solar Radiation to Decrease the Nitrate Concentration in Spinach Grown in the Greenhouse[J]. Hort Res,2007,6(2):195-199.
[22]袁艺,陶婧,汪骞,等.辣椒漂浮育苗营养液筛选与优化研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(9):2085-2090.
[23]徐灿,孙建波,宋建辰,等.滴灌水肥一体化不同施氮量对玉米叶绿素含量和荧光特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,2018(10):54-58.
[24]张二震,刘慧英,温泽林,等.不同电导率营养液对苦苣生长、产量与品质的影响[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2017,35(4):438-443.
[25]李宏告,彭选明,张乐平,等.小白菜与苋菜营养生长期的吸水量研究[J].湖南农业科学,2012(11):43-45.
[26]季延海,武占会,于平彬,等.不同营养液浓度对水培韭菜生长适应性的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2017(11):53-56.
[27]李会合,王正银,李宝珍.蔬菜营养与硝酸盐的关系[J].应用生态学报,2004(9):1667-1672.
[28]王朝辉,田霄鸿,李生秀.叶类蔬菜的硝态氮累积及成因研究[J].生态学报,2001(7):1136-1141.
[29]袁丽红,朱建雯,冯翠梅,等.不同氮素水平对3种叶菜硝酸盐含量的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008(2):25-28.
[30]沈明珠,翟宝杰,东惠茹,等.蔬菜硝酸盐累积的研究——Ⅰ.不同蔬菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量评价[J].园艺学报,1982(4):41-48.
[31]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 18406.1—2001[S].2001.
[32]陈选阳,张招娟,郑佳伟,等.水培对叶菜型甘薯茎尖营养品质与硝酸盐含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(17):3736-3742.
[2]王正银,李会合,李宝珍,等.氮肥、土壤肥力和采收期对小白菜体内硝酸盐含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(9):1057-1064.
[3]都韶婷,章永松,林咸永,等.蔬菜积累的硝酸盐及其对人体健康的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):2007-2014.
[4] Olday F C, Barker A V, Maynard D N. A physiological basis for different patterns of nitrate accumulation in two spinach cultivars[J].J Amer Soc Hort Sci,1976,10(3):217-219.
[5]李会合,王正银.施肥对叶类蔬菜硝酸盐含量的影响[J].磷肥与复肥,2001,16(3):65-67.
[6]汪李平,向长萍,王运华.我国蔬菜硝酸盐污染状况及防治途径研究进展[J].长江蔬菜,2000(4):1-4.
[7] Petrovic N, Kastori R, Scaife A. Production of leafy vegetable with the low concentration of nitrate[C]. Proceedings 2nd Congress of the European Society for Agronomy,Warwick University,1992:422-423.
[8]都韶婷,金崇伟,章永松.蔬菜硝酸盐积累现状及其调控措施研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(17):3580-3589.
[9] McCall D, Willumsen J. Effects of nitrogen availability and supplementary light on the nitrate content of soil-grown lettuce[J].Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology,1999,74(4):458-463.
[10]刘永刚,陈利军,武志杰.蔬菜中硝酸盐的积累机制及其调控措施[J].土壤通报,2006,37(3):612-616.
[11] Kazuhisa Katoa, Toshihiro Ueta, Eiichi Matsumoto. Soil Nitratenitrogen Testing to Reduce the Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Nitrate Concentration in a Year-round Cultivation of Komatsuna(Brassica rapa L. Perviridis Group)in a Greenhouse[J].Hort Res,2013,12(1):43-49.
[12] Correia M J, Fonseca F, Azedo-Silva J, et al. Effects of water deficit on the activity of nitrate reductase and content of sugars,nitrate and free amino acids in the leaves and roots of sunflower and white lupin plants growing under two nutrient supply regimes[J].Physiologia Plantarum, 2005,124(1):61-70.
[13] Foyer C H, Valadier M H, Migge A, et al. Drought-Induced Effects on Nitrate Reductase Activity and mRNA and on the Coordination of Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism in Maize Leaves[J]. Plant Physiology,1998,117:283-292.
[14] Corre W J, Breimer T. Nitrate and Nitrite in Vegetables[M].Wageningen:centre for agricultural publishing and documentation,1979.
[15]王朝晖,田霄鸿,李生秀.土壤水分对降低蔬菜体内硝酸盐效果的研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1997,25(6):15-20.
[16]李胜利,王建辉,孙治强.营养液深度对水培生菜生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(8):343-345.
[17]任尚杰,方伟,张国敏,等.两种浓度营养液下水培生菜和小白菜生长特性及品质研究[J].作物杂志,2011(3):42-46.
[18]谢勇,乐素菊.不同配方营养液对小白菜产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007(5):278-280.
[19] Huixia Li, Tomono Inokuchi, Tomomi Nagaoka, et al. NO3-Requirement and the Quantitative Management Method of Nutrient Solution Based on NO3-Supply in Hydroponic Culture of Radish Plants[J]. J Japan Soc Hort Sci,2014,83(1):44-51.
[20] Yutaka Shinohara, Satoru Tsukagoshi, Naoko Hayashi, et al.Development of the Fertigation Control Based on Cumulative Solar Radiation to Decrease the Nitrate Concentration in Spinach[J]. Hort Res,2007,6(2):189-193.
[21] Yutaka Shinohara, Satoru Tsukagoshi, Naoko Hayashi, et al.Practical Use of the Fertigation Control Based on Cumulative Solar Radiation to Decrease the Nitrate Concentration in Spinach Grown in the Greenhouse[J]. Hort Res,2007,6(2):195-199.
[22]袁艺,陶婧,汪骞,等.辣椒漂浮育苗营养液筛选与优化研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(9):2085-2090.
[23]徐灿,孙建波,宋建辰,等.滴灌水肥一体化不同施氮量对玉米叶绿素含量和荧光特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,2018(10):54-58.
[24]张二震,刘慧英,温泽林,等.不同电导率营养液对苦苣生长、产量与品质的影响[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2017,35(4):438-443.
[25]李宏告,彭选明,张乐平,等.小白菜与苋菜营养生长期的吸水量研究[J].湖南农业科学,2012(11):43-45.
[26]季延海,武占会,于平彬,等.不同营养液浓度对水培韭菜生长适应性的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2017(11):53-56.
[27]李会合,王正银,李宝珍.蔬菜营养与硝酸盐的关系[J].应用生态学报,2004(9):1667-1672.
[28]王朝辉,田霄鸿,李生秀.叶类蔬菜的硝态氮累积及成因研究[J].生态学报,2001(7):1136-1141.
[29]袁丽红,朱建雯,冯翠梅,等.不同氮素水平对3种叶菜硝酸盐含量的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008(2):25-28.
[30]沈明珠,翟宝杰,东惠茹,等.蔬菜硝酸盐累积的研究——Ⅰ.不同蔬菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量评价[J].园艺学报,1982(4):41-48.
[31]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 18406.1—2001[S].2001.
[32]陈选阳,张招娟,郑佳伟,等.水培对叶菜型甘薯茎尖营养品质与硝酸盐含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(17):3736-3742.