渗透坝对丹江口库湾水体氮磷负荷削减的应用
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摘要
为了解决丹江口库湾局部水体富营养化问题,以水体氮、磷削减负荷为目标,利用渗透坝对库湾水体进行净化,促进库湾水体流动循环。该技术以渗透坝为主体,包括提水风车、生态塘和布水系统,设计进水负荷为16.7 L·min~(-1)。结果表明,三级坝系统对水体中TP、TN、NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N负荷平均削减率分别为48.3%、46.8%、56.9%和52.1%,进水中NO_3~--N负荷量的标准偏差较大,为2.01,出水氮磷负荷量波动比较稳定,TN削减负荷量标准偏差较大,为1.08。TSS出水负荷量出现升高现象,分析表明TSS主要成分为固体颗粒物质。该技术的应用对库湾水体氮磷负荷具有显著的削减作用,同时能够增强库湾水体的流动循环,可有效防止水体富营养化现象发生。
In order to solve the problem of eutrophication in the bay of Danjiangkou reservoir, a permeable damwas used to purify water with nitrogen and phosphorus load reduction, and promote the water flow circulation inthe bay. In this technology, a triple permeable dam is the main part, water pumping windmills, ecological pondand water distribution system are auxiliary units, the design water load is 16.7 L·min~(-1). The results showed thatthrough the triple permeable dam, the average reduction rates in TP, TN, NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N loads reached48.3%, 46.8%, 76.9% and 69.07%, respectively. The standard deviation for the input NO_3~--N load was higherthan other parameters with a value of 2.01, the fluctuations in nitrogen and phosphorus load of effluent werestable, the standard deviation for TN reduction was also high with a value of 1.08. The TSS load in effluentincreased, and correlation analysis indicates that it mainly composed of solid particulates. The application of thistechnology could significantly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus load in the bay water, strengthen bay water flowcirculation, and prevent eutrophication phenomenon.
In order to solve the problem of eutrophication in the bay of Danjiangkou reservoir, a permeable damwas used to purify water with nitrogen and phosphorus load reduction, and promote the water flow circulation inthe bay. In this technology, a triple permeable dam is the main part, water pumping windmills, ecological pondand water distribution system are auxiliary units, the design water load is 16.7 L·min~(-1). The results showed thatthrough the triple permeable dam, the average reduction rates in TP, TN, NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N loads reached48.3%, 46.8%, 76.9% and 69.07%, respectively. The standard deviation for the input NO_3~--N load was higherthan other parameters with a value of 2.01, the fluctuations in nitrogen and phosphorus load of effluent werestable, the standard deviation for TN reduction was also high with a value of 1.08. The TSS load in effluentincreased, and correlation analysis indicates that it mainly composed of solid particulates. The application of thistechnology could significantly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus load in the bay water, strengthen bay water flowcirculation, and prevent eutrophication phenomenon.
引文
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[21]张莹,李宝珍,屈建航,等.斜生栅藻对低浓度无机磷去除和生长情况的研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(11):2661-2665.
[22]邓志强.人工浮床净化污染水体中氮磷的研究[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2013.
[23]李威.人工浮床对受污染地表水的净化研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013.
[24]苟婷,马千里,许振成,等.贝江浮游藻类群落特征及富营养化风险分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):946-954.
[25]王华,逄勇.藻类生长的水动力学因素影响与数值仿真[J].环境科学,2008,29(4):884-889.
[26]马沛明,况琪军,凌晓欢,等.藻类生物膜技术脱氮除磷效果研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):4742-4746.
[27]谭洪新,刘艳红,周琪,等.添加碳源对潜流+表面流组合湿地脱氮除磷的影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(6):1209-1215.
[28]易颖琦,陆敬严.立轴式大风车及其受力分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),1996,24(3):287-292.
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[30]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[31]国家环境保护总局.水质磷酸盐的测定钼酸铵分光光度法:GB 11893-1989[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989.
[32]国家环境保护总局.水质总氮的测定碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法:HJ 636-2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[33]国家环境保护总局.水质无机阴离子的测定离子色谱法:HJ/T 84-2016[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2016.
[34]国家环境保护总局.水质NH4+-N的测定纳氏试剂分光光度法:HJ 535-2009[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009.
[35]刘冰,张黎,尚宏志.表面流人工湿地在污水深度处理中应用的研究[C]//中国环境科学学会.中国环境科学学会2006年学术年会优秀论文集(中卷),2006.
[36]张多英,李伟光,刘苗,等.低温异养硝化菌群去除氨氮的动力学[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(8):3751-3756.
[2]SMITH V H.Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems:A global problem[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2003,10(2):126-139.
[3]李冰,王亚,郑钊,等.丹江口水库调水前后表层沉积物营养盐和重金属时空变化[J].环境科学,2018,39(8):3591-3600.
[4]ANDERSON D M,GLIBERT P M,BURKHOLDER J M.Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication:Nutrient sources,composition,and consequences[J].Estuaries,2002,25(4B):704-726.
[5]王书航,王雯雯,姜霞,等.丹江口水库水体氮的时空分布及入库通量[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(7):995-1005.
[6]张小龙,王晓昌,刘言正,等.多级生态塘植物修复技术用于富营养化水体修复[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(4):95-98.
[7]陈聪聪,饶拉,黄金良,等.东南沿海河流-水库系统藻类生长营养盐限制季节变动[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3238-3247.
[8]KEMP W M,BOYNTON W R,ADOLF J E,et al.Eutrophication of Chesapeake bay:Historical trends and ecological interactions[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2005,303:1-29.
[9]SCHINDLER D W,HECKY R E,FINDLAY D L,et al.Eutrophication of lakes cannot be controlled by reducing nitrogen input:Results of a 37-year whole-ecosystem experiment[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(32):11254-11258.
[10]HOWARTH R W,MARINO R.Nitrogen as the limiting nutrient for eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems:Evolving views over three decades[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(1):64-76.
[11]SMITH V H,TILMAN G D,NEKOLA J C.Eutrophication:Impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater,marine,and terrestrial ecosystems[J].Environmental Pollution,1999,100(1/2/3):79-96.
[12]CLOERN J E.Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2001,210:23-53.
[13]黄清辉,王磊,王子健.中国湖泊水域中磷形态转化及其潜在生态效应研究动态[J].湖泊科学,2006(3):199-206.
[14]尹华,昌镜伟,章光新,等.新立城水库水体富营养化成因及治理对策[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2010,42(1):152-156.
[15]郑保海,朱静亚,许信,等.丹江口水库着生藻类群落特征及其水质评价[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(4):95-101.
[16]HUTCHISON K J,HESTERBERG D.Dissolution of phosphate in a phosphorus-enriched ultisol as affected by microbial reduction[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2004,33(5):1793-1802.
[17]何晓祺.丹江口水库淹没区淅川段土壤氮磷分布及释放影响因素研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2010.
[18]雷沛,张洪,单保庆.丹江口水库典型入库支流氮磷动态特征研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3038-3045.
[19]李伟萍,曾源,张磊,等.丹江口水库消落区土地覆被空间格局分析[J].国土资源遥感,2011,23(4):108-114.
[20]黄廷林,柴蓓蓓.水源水库水质污染与富营养化控制技术研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(6):588-596.
[21]张莹,李宝珍,屈建航,等.斜生栅藻对低浓度无机磷去除和生长情况的研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(11):2661-2665.
[22]邓志强.人工浮床净化污染水体中氮磷的研究[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2013.
[23]李威.人工浮床对受污染地表水的净化研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013.
[24]苟婷,马千里,许振成,等.贝江浮游藻类群落特征及富营养化风险分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):946-954.
[25]王华,逄勇.藻类生长的水动力学因素影响与数值仿真[J].环境科学,2008,29(4):884-889.
[26]马沛明,况琪军,凌晓欢,等.藻类生物膜技术脱氮除磷效果研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):4742-4746.
[27]谭洪新,刘艳红,周琪,等.添加碳源对潜流+表面流组合湿地脱氮除磷的影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(6):1209-1215.
[28]易颖琦,陆敬严.立轴式大风车及其受力分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),1996,24(3):287-292.
[29]王福星,孙彦君,赵云久.风力离心泵提水机组的试验研究[J].水利水电科技进展,1999,19(5):42-43.
[30]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[31]国家环境保护总局.水质磷酸盐的测定钼酸铵分光光度法:GB 11893-1989[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989.
[32]国家环境保护总局.水质总氮的测定碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法:HJ 636-2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[33]国家环境保护总局.水质无机阴离子的测定离子色谱法:HJ/T 84-2016[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2016.
[34]国家环境保护总局.水质NH4+-N的测定纳氏试剂分光光度法:HJ 535-2009[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009.
[35]刘冰,张黎,尚宏志.表面流人工湿地在污水深度处理中应用的研究[C]//中国环境科学学会.中国环境科学学会2006年学术年会优秀论文集(中卷),2006.
[36]张多英,李伟光,刘苗,等.低温异养硝化菌群去除氨氮的动力学[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(8):3751-3756.