育肥饲料中混合植物油替代鱼油对三疣梭子蟹育肥性能、生理代谢指标和生化组成的影响
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摘要
为研究饲料中植物油替代鱼油对三疣梭子蟹育肥性能、生理代谢和生化组成的影响,采用混合植物油(大豆油:菜籽油=1∶1)分别替代饲料中0%、25%、50%、75%和100%的鱼油,制成5种等氮等脂育肥饲料(分别记为饲料Diet 1～Diet 5)对生殖蜕壳后的三疣梭子蟹雌体[初始体质量为(150±25) g]进行45 d的育肥养殖。结果显示:(1)饲料中鱼油替代对雌体成活率(SR)、增重率(WGR)、性腺指数(GSI)、肝胰腺指数(HSI)、出肉率(MY)和总可食率(TEY)均无显著影响。(2)各组雌蟹肝胰腺中的甘油三酯(TG)含量,苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、脂肪酶(LPS)和脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)活性均存在显著性差异,其中TG和LPS水平均在Diet 5最高,MDH活性在Diet 1组最高,而LPL活性在Diet 2组最高;血清中甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)分别在Diet 3和Diet 4组最高。(3)Diet 1组肝胰腺中的过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著高于Diet 2和Diet 3组,而肝胰腺中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)均在Diet 4组最高;血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性在Diet 1组最低,Diet 2组最高,而ALP活性在Diet 1组最高。(4)不同饲料组肌肉中粗蛋白和总碳水化合物含量差异显著,均以Diet 3组最高;Diet 3和Diet 4组肝胰腺中的粗脂肪和总碳水化合物均相对较高;此外,卵巢中的粗蛋白含量在Diet 3组最高。(5)饲料中鱼油替代水平对三疣梭子蟹肌肉、卵巢和肝胰腺的脂肪酸组成产生显著影响,n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6 PUFA)随鱼油替代水平的升高而升高,而n-3 PUFA和高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)随饲料鱼油替代水平的升高而降低。研究表明,育肥饲料中植物油替代鱼油对三疣梭子蟹雌体成活和卵巢发育等无显著影响,但可提高肝胰腺中甘油三酯、粗脂肪、n-6 PUFA含量、部分抗氧化和免疫指标;50%的鱼油替代水平可提高卵巢和肌肉中粗蛋白含量。因此,混合植物油可以替代三疣梭子蟹育肥中50%的鱼油。
In order to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil replacement with blending vegtable oils on the fattening performance, physiological metabolism and biochemical composition of adult female swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus), five isonitrogenous and islipidic fattening diets were formulated to replace 0%, 25%,50%, 75% and 100% of fish oil(defined as Diet 1-Diet 5) with blending vegtable oils(soybean oil∶rapeseed oil=1∶1). The five fattening diets were fed to female P. trituberculatus(150±25) g for 45 days. The results showed as follows: Dietary fish oil levels had no significant effects on survival rate, weight gain rate,gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index, meat yield and total edible yeild of adult female P. trituberculatus.There were significant differences in the triglyceride(TG) content, malate dehydrogenase(MDH) lipase(LPS) and lipoprotein lipase(LPL) activities in the hepatopancreas among five diet treatments; the highest levels of TG and LPS were detected in Diet 5, and the highest MDH was detected in Diet 1, while the highest LPL was detected in Diet 2. The highest TG and TC were detected in Diet 3 and Diet 4, respectively. The hepatopancreatic peroxidase(POD) activity of the crabs in Diet 1 was significantly higher than that of Diet 2 and Diet 3, while the Diet 4 had the highest activities of hepatopancreatic alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and acid phosphatase(ACP). The highest and lowest values of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activity in the serum were detected at treatments of Diet 2and Diet 1, respectively, while the highest serum ALP activity was detected in Diet 1. Dietary fish oil replacement has significant effects on the contents of crude protein and total carbohydrate in muscle, and the highest levels of crude protein and total carbohydrate in the muscle were dected in Diet 3. There were significant differences in the contents of total lipid and total carbohydrate in the hepatopancreas among five treatments, and the higher levels of them were detected for Diet 3 and 4 treatments; moreover, the highest ovarian crude protein content was also detected in Diet 3 treatment. Dietary fish oil replacement had significant effects on the fatty acid profile of muscle,ovary, and hepatopancreas; tissue n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(n-6 PUFA) increased with increasing dietary fish oil replacement level, while the contents of n-3 PUFAs and highly unsaturated fatty acid(HUFA) showed a decreasing trend. In conclusion, dietary fish oil replacement by vegetable oils had no siginificant effect on survival rate and fattening performance of adult female P. trituberculatus, but promote the TG, crude lipid and n-6 PUFA accumulations in the hepatopancreas as well as the POD and phosphatase; 50% fish oil replacement level could increase the crude protein conetent of ovaries and muscle. These results indicated the dietary optimal fish oil replacement with blending vegetable oils could be 50% for the fattening of adult female P. trituberculatus.
In order to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil replacement with blending vegtable oils on the fattening performance, physiological metabolism and biochemical composition of adult female swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus), five isonitrogenous and islipidic fattening diets were formulated to replace 0%, 25%,50%, 75% and 100% of fish oil(defined as Diet 1-Diet 5) with blending vegtable oils(soybean oil∶rapeseed oil=1∶1). The five fattening diets were fed to female P. trituberculatus(150±25) g for 45 days. The results showed as follows: Dietary fish oil levels had no significant effects on survival rate, weight gain rate,gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index, meat yield and total edible yeild of adult female P. trituberculatus.There were significant differences in the triglyceride(TG) content, malate dehydrogenase(MDH) lipase(LPS) and lipoprotein lipase(LPL) activities in the hepatopancreas among five diet treatments; the highest levels of TG and LPS were detected in Diet 5, and the highest MDH was detected in Diet 1, while the highest LPL was detected in Diet 2. The highest TG and TC were detected in Diet 3 and Diet 4, respectively. The hepatopancreatic peroxidase(POD) activity of the crabs in Diet 1 was significantly higher than that of Diet 2 and Diet 3, while the Diet 4 had the highest activities of hepatopancreatic alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and acid phosphatase(ACP). The highest and lowest values of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activity in the serum were detected at treatments of Diet 2and Diet 1, respectively, while the highest serum ALP activity was detected in Diet 1. Dietary fish oil replacement has significant effects on the contents of crude protein and total carbohydrate in muscle, and the highest levels of crude protein and total carbohydrate in the muscle were dected in Diet 3. There were significant differences in the contents of total lipid and total carbohydrate in the hepatopancreas among five treatments, and the higher levels of them were detected for Diet 3 and 4 treatments; moreover, the highest ovarian crude protein content was also detected in Diet 3 treatment. Dietary fish oil replacement had significant effects on the fatty acid profile of muscle,ovary, and hepatopancreas; tissue n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(n-6 PUFA) increased with increasing dietary fish oil replacement level, while the contents of n-3 PUFAs and highly unsaturated fatty acid(HUFA) showed a decreasing trend. In conclusion, dietary fish oil replacement by vegetable oils had no siginificant effect on survival rate and fattening performance of adult female P. trituberculatus, but promote the TG, crude lipid and n-6 PUFA accumulations in the hepatopancreas as well as the POD and phosphatase; 50% fish oil replacement level could increase the crude protein conetent of ovaries and muscle. These results indicated the dietary optimal fish oil replacement with blending vegetable oils could be 50% for the fattening of adult female P. trituberculatus.
引文
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