积雪升华过程对高寒湿地陆气相互作用的影响
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摘要
利用青海玉树隆宝地区2014年12月积雪升华过程的观测资料,分析了积雪升华过程中高寒湿地陆气相互作用特征及积雪深度对陆气相互作用的影响。结果表明:在降雪和积雪升华过程中,高寒湿地浅层土壤温度在短时期内有所升高,而深层土壤温度和土壤体积含水量对降雪过程的响应不敏感。积雪升华过程中净辐射、感热通量和潜热通量的日平均值增加,向上短波辐射的日平均值减少。积雪逐渐升华导致地表吸收的能量增加,同时地表向大气传递的能量也随之增加。随着积雪的逐步升华,感热占比和潜热占比逐渐升高,而土壤热通量占比和热储存占比逐渐降低。积雪深度增加会导致地表反照率和地表比辐射率增大,感热输送系数减小。
Using the observed data at Longbao,Yushu,Qinghai in Dec.2014,influence of snowsubliming process on land-atmosphere interaction were analyzed.The results show that shallowsoil temperature increases in a short time during snowfalling and subliming.Responses of deep soil temperature and soil moisture to snowfall are insensitive.Daily averages of net radiation,sensible heat flux and latent heat flux increase during snowsubliming process.Daily average of upward shortwave radiation decreases during snow subliming process.The energy absorbed by ground and transferred to atmosphere both increases on account of snowsubliming.Sensible heat ratio(H/R_n) and latent heat ratio(LE/R_n) increase while soil heat flux ratio(G/R_n) and heat storage ratio(S/R_n) decrease along with snowsubliming process.Surface albedo and surface emissivity increase but sensible heat transfer coefficient decreases with snowcover depth increasing.
Using the observed data at Longbao,Yushu,Qinghai in Dec.2014,influence of snowsubliming process on land-atmosphere interaction were analyzed.The results show that shallowsoil temperature increases in a short time during snowfalling and subliming.Responses of deep soil temperature and soil moisture to snowfall are insensitive.Daily averages of net radiation,sensible heat flux and latent heat flux increase during snowsubliming process.Daily average of upward shortwave radiation decreases during snow subliming process.The energy absorbed by ground and transferred to atmosphere both increases on account of snowsubliming.Sensible heat ratio(H/R_n) and latent heat ratio(LE/R_n) increase while soil heat flux ratio(G/R_n) and heat storage ratio(S/R_n) decrease along with snowsubliming process.Surface albedo and surface emissivity increase but sensible heat transfer coefficient decreases with snowcover depth increasing.
引文
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[6]Li Dongliang,Wang Chunxue.Research progress of snowcover and its influence on China climate[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences,2011,34(5):627-636.[李栋梁,王春学.积雪分布及其对中国气候影响的研究进展[J].大气科学学报,2011,34(5):627-636.]
[7]Chen Qianjin,Gao Bo,Li Weijing,et al.Studies on relationships among snowcover winter over the Tibetan Plateau and droughts/floods during meiyu season in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as well as atmosphere/ocean[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2000,58(5):582-595.[陈乾金,高波,李维京,等.青藏高原冬季积雪异常和长江中下游主汛期旱涝及其与环流关系的研究[J].气象学报,2000,58(5):582-595.]
[8]Wang Guoya,Mao Weiyi,He Bin,et al.Changes in snowcovers during 1961-2011 and its effects on frozen ground in Altay region,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(6):1293-1300.[王国亚,毛炜峄,贺斌,等.新疆阿勒泰地区积雪变化特征及其对冻土的影响[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1293-1300.]
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[12]Gao Liming,Zhang Yaonan,Shen Yongping,et al.Analysis of water and heat transfer in snowlayer during snowmelt period in Irtysh River basin based on energy balance theory[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(2):323-334.[高黎明,张耀南,沈永平,等.基于能量平衡对额尔齐斯河流域融雪过程的研究[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(2):323-334.]
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[17]Huo Fei,Jiang Zhihong,Liu Zhengyu.Impacts of late spring Tibetan Plateau snowcover on early autumn precipitation[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2014,38(2):352-362.[霍飞,江志红,刘征宇.春夏季青藏高原积雪对中国夏末秋初降水的影响及其可能机制[J].大气科学,2014,38(2):352-362.]
[18]Li Guoping,Xiao Jie.Diurnal variation of surface albedo and relationship between surface albedo and meteorological factors on the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2007,27(1):63-67.[李国平,肖杰.青藏高原西部地面反射率的日变化以及与若干气象因子的关系[J].地理科学,2007,27(1):63-67.]
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