铜合金围栏养殖大黄鱼海域水质综合评价与分析
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摘要
为了评价铜合金围栏养殖大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)海域的水质状况,通过大黄鱼养殖期与非养殖期的4次调查,分析评价了调查海域海水中的p H、溶解氧、铜、锌、无机氮、活性磷酸盐等指标的区域分布、季节变化及污染水平,并利用内梅罗指数对调查海域水体进行了质量综合评价。结果表明:调查海域大黄鱼非养殖时间段的海水综合质量整体上属于清洁或者较清洁状态,大黄鱼养殖时间段的海水综合质量下降,分布趋势是以养殖网箱为高值中心,向外缘逐渐下降。
Culturing marine fish with copper alloy fence is a new type of farming method. To assess the sea water quality in Larimichthys crocea farm cultured with copper alloy fence,indicators including Cu,Zn,p H,dissolved oxygen( DO),dissolved inorganic nitrogen( DIN),dissolved inorganic phosphorous( DIP) were investigated four times during cultivation period( April to December) and non-cultivation period( January to March). Then the characteristics of distribution pattern,seasonal changes and pollution levels of indicators were analyzed,and an assessment of sea water quality was conducted using Nemerow index. The results showed that the value of pH,DO,Cu,Zn,DIN accorded with the first type of"sea water quality standard",and all but the value of PO34--P of one investigation stations accorded with the second type of "sea water quality standard"during cultivation period. The sea water quality accorded with clean or relatively clean standard during the period of non-cultivation( February). The value of pH,DO in all investigation stations accorded with the first or second type of "sea water quality standard"during the period of cultivation( June,August,October),the value of PO43--P accorded with the second or third or fourth type of"sea water quality standard"in June,and accorded with the fourth type of "sea water quality standard"in August and October,the value of DIN accorded with the first or second or third or fourth type of "sea water quality standard"during the cultivation period,the pollution levels declined during the period of cultivation compared with noncultivation. Moreover,the distribution pattern of Nemerow index decreased from the core of cultivation area to the open sea.
Culturing marine fish with copper alloy fence is a new type of farming method. To assess the sea water quality in Larimichthys crocea farm cultured with copper alloy fence,indicators including Cu,Zn,p H,dissolved oxygen( DO),dissolved inorganic nitrogen( DIN),dissolved inorganic phosphorous( DIP) were investigated four times during cultivation period( April to December) and non-cultivation period( January to March). Then the characteristics of distribution pattern,seasonal changes and pollution levels of indicators were analyzed,and an assessment of sea water quality was conducted using Nemerow index. The results showed that the value of pH,DO,Cu,Zn,DIN accorded with the first type of"sea water quality standard",and all but the value of PO34--P of one investigation stations accorded with the second type of "sea water quality standard"during cultivation period. The sea water quality accorded with clean or relatively clean standard during the period of non-cultivation( February). The value of pH,DO in all investigation stations accorded with the first or second type of "sea water quality standard"during the period of cultivation( June,August,October),the value of PO43--P accorded with the second or third or fourth type of"sea water quality standard"in June,and accorded with the fourth type of "sea water quality standard"in August and October,the value of DIN accorded with the first or second or third or fourth type of "sea water quality standard"during the cultivation period,the pollution levels declined during the period of cultivation compared with noncultivation. Moreover,the distribution pattern of Nemerow index decreased from the core of cultivation area to the open sea.
引文
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[16]NEORI A,CHOPIN T,TROELL M,et al.Inte-grated aquaculture:rationale,evolution and state of the art emphasizing seaweed biofiltration in modern mariculture.[J].Aquaculture,2004,231(1):361-391.
[2]林德芳,黄文强,关长涛.我国海水网箱养殖的现状、存在的问题及今后课题[J].齐鲁渔业,2002,19(1):21-23.LIN D F,HUANG W Q,GUAN C T.The actuality,problem and prospects of the marine net cage culture of China[J].Shandong Fisheries,2002,19(1):21-23.
[3]何丰,朱威.我国海水鱼类网箱养殖现状及其发展前景[J].现代渔业信息2002,17(8):19-22.HE F,ZHU W.Status and perspectives for cage culture of marine fish in our country[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2002,17(8):19-22.
[4]韩芳.象山港网箱养殖富营养化状况及鱼藻生态修复模式研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2012.HAN F.Study on potential eutrophication and bioremediation system in fish-cage culture of Xiangshan Harbor[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2012.
[5]王磊,王鲁民,黄艇,等.柱桩式铜合金围栏网养殖设施的发展现状与分析[J].渔业信息与战略,2017,32(3):197-203.WANG L,WANG L M,HUANG T,et al.Current situation and analysis of copper alloy fence aquaculture facilities with pillar pile[J].Fisheries Information&Strategy,2017,32(3):197-203.
[6]周龙龙,平仙隐,李磊,等.铜围网大黄鱼养殖海域浮游植物群落结构特征及其环境效应研究[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(4):413-423.ZHOU L L,PING X Y,LI L,et al.ONcharacteristics and environment effets of phytoplankton community structure in the coast of Pseudosciaena crocea copper seine net cage culture[J].Marine Fisheries,2018,40(4):413-423.
[7]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 12763-2007海洋调查规范[S].General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.GB/T 12763-2007 The specification for marine monitoring[S].
[8]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 17378-2007海洋监测规范[S].2008.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.GB 17378-2007 The specification for marine monitoring[S].2008
[9]李春喜,王志和,王文林.生物统计学(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.LI C X,WANG Z H,WANG W L.Biostatistics(2nd ed)[M].Beijing:China Science&Technology Press,2000.
[10]NEMEROW N L.Scientific stream pollution analysis[M].Washington D.C.:Scripta Book Company,1974.
[11]国家环境保护局.GB3097-1997海水水质标准[S].State Environmental Protection Administration.GB3097-1997 Sea water quality standard[S].
[12]NEORI A,SHPIGEL M,BENEZRA D.A sustainable integrated system for culture of fish,seaweed and abalone[J].Aquaculture,2000,186(3-4):279-291.
[13]LARGO D B,DIOLA A G,MARABABOL M S.Development of an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture(IMTA)system for tropical marine species in southern Cebu,Central Philippines[J].Aquaculture Reports,2016,3(C):67-76.
[14]RIDLER N,WOWCHUK M,ROBINSON B,et al.Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture(Imta):a potential strategic choice for farmers[J].Aquaculture Economics&Management,2007,11(1):99-110.
[15]CHOPIN T,BUSCHMANN A H,HALLING C,et al.Integrating seaweeds into marine aquaculture systems:A key toward sustainability[J].Journal of Phycology,2001,37(6):975-986.
[16]NEORI A,CHOPIN T,TROELL M,et al.Inte-grated aquaculture:rationale,evolution and state of the art emphasizing seaweed biofiltration in modern mariculture.[J].Aquaculture,2004,231(1):361-391.
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