3种动物蛋白质源替代鱼粉对草鱼生长性能、肌肉营养成分、消化酶活性、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究鸡肉粉(PBM)、肠衣蛋白粉(CM)和黑水虻幼虫粉(BSFLM)替代鱼粉对草鱼生长性能、肌肉营养成分、消化酶活性、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响。试验选择初始体重为(206.95±0.19) g的草鱼900尾,随机分为10组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。以PBM、CM和BSFLM分别替代基础饲料中0、20%、40%和60%的鱼粉(基础饲料中鱼粉添加量为7.5%),配制10组等氮等脂的饲料投喂草鱼,分别记为D0(对照)、J20、J40、J60、C20、C40、C60、K20、K40和K60组,试验期为56 d。结果表明:1)与D0组比较,J20、J40、J60、C60和K60组终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数显著上升(P<0.05); C20、C40、K20和K40组终末体重、增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数无显著差异(P>0.05),其中K20组增重率和特定生长率分别提高2.65%和1.75%(P>0.05),饲料系数降低2.29%(P>0.05)。各组间肝体比、脏体比、肠体比、肥满度无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与D0组比较,K20组肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著升高(P<0.05),肌肉水分含量显著降低(P<0.05),其他各组肌肉粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、水分、钙和总磷含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)各组间中肠蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶以及肝脏淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)与D0组比较,K20和K60组血清甘油三酯含量显著升高(P<0.05),其他各试验组血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮、葡萄糖、总蛋白含量及谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05); K20组血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力有所提高(P>0.05),但各组间血清抗氧化指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,PBM替代20%～60%鱼粉显著降低草鱼生长性能,CM和BSFLM替代40%以下鱼粉对草鱼生长性能无显著影响,BSFLM替代20%鱼粉能够提高草鱼生长性能和抗氧化能力。综合各项指标,BSFLM应用效果最佳,其次为CM。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of fishmeal replacement by poultry by-products meal( PBM),casing meal( CM) and black soldier fly larvae meal( BSFLM) on growth performance,muscle nutritional components,digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical and antioxidant indices of Ctenopharyngodon idellus. A total of 900 Ctenopharyngodon idellus with body weight of( 206. 95 ± 0. 19) g were randomly divided into 10 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. Ten isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by replacing 0,20%,40% and 60% of fish meal( the addition of fish meal in the basal diet was 7.5%) with PBM,CM and BSFLM,respectively,and named D0( control),J20,J40,J60,C20,C40,C60,K20,K40 and K60 groups,respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the D0 group,the final body weight( FBW),weight gain rate( WGR) and specific growth rate( SGR) of J20,J40,J60,C60 and K60 groups were significantly decreased( P<0.05),and the feed coefficient( FC) was significantly increased( P<0.05); the FBW,WGR,SGR and FC of C20,C40,K20 and K40 groups had no significant difference( P>0.05),the WGR and SGR of K20 group were increased by 2.65% and 1.75%( P> 0.05),respectively,and the FC was decreased by 2. 29%( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in hepatosomatic index,viscerosomatic index,intestosomatic index and condition factor among all groups( P>0.05). 2) Compared with the D0 group,the muscle crude protein content of K20 group was significantly increased( P<0.05),the muscle moisture content was significantly decreased( P<0.05),and the contents of crude protein,ether extract,crude ash,moisture,calcium and total phosphorus in muscle of other groups had no significant difference( P>0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in the activities of protease,amylase and lipase in mid-intestine and amylase and lipase in liver among all groups( P>0.05). 4) Compared with the D0 group,the serum triglyceride content of K20 and K60 groups was significantly increased( P<0.05),and the serum cholesterol,triglyceride,urea nitrogen,glucose and total protein contents and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activities of other experimental groups had no significant difference( P>0.05); the serum total superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity of K20 group were increased( P>0.05),and there were no significant differences in serum antioxidant indies among all groups( P>0.05). In conclusion,the PBM replaced 20% to60% fish meal significantly reduce the growth performance of Ctenopharyngodon idellus,the CM and BSFLM replaced less than 40% fishmeal have no significant effects on the growth performance of Ctenopharyngodonidellus,and the BSFLM replaced 20% fishmeal can improve the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Comprehensive all indicators,the application effect of BSFLM is the best,followed by CM.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2187-2200]
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of fishmeal replacement by poultry by-products meal( PBM),casing meal( CM) and black soldier fly larvae meal( BSFLM) on growth performance,muscle nutritional components,digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical and antioxidant indices of Ctenopharyngodon idellus. A total of 900 Ctenopharyngodon idellus with body weight of( 206. 95 ± 0. 19) g were randomly divided into 10 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. Ten isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by replacing 0,20%,40% and 60% of fish meal( the addition of fish meal in the basal diet was 7.5%) with PBM,CM and BSFLM,respectively,and named D0( control),J20,J40,J60,C20,C40,C60,K20,K40 and K60 groups,respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the D0 group,the final body weight( FBW),weight gain rate( WGR) and specific growth rate( SGR) of J20,J40,J60,C60 and K60 groups were significantly decreased( P<0.05),and the feed coefficient( FC) was significantly increased( P<0.05); the FBW,WGR,SGR and FC of C20,C40,K20 and K40 groups had no significant difference( P>0.05),the WGR and SGR of K20 group were increased by 2.65% and 1.75%( P> 0.05),respectively,and the FC was decreased by 2. 29%( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in hepatosomatic index,viscerosomatic index,intestosomatic index and condition factor among all groups( P>0.05). 2) Compared with the D0 group,the muscle crude protein content of K20 group was significantly increased( P<0.05),the muscle moisture content was significantly decreased( P<0.05),and the contents of crude protein,ether extract,crude ash,moisture,calcium and total phosphorus in muscle of other groups had no significant difference( P>0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in the activities of protease,amylase and lipase in mid-intestine and amylase and lipase in liver among all groups( P>0.05). 4) Compared with the D0 group,the serum triglyceride content of K20 and K60 groups was significantly increased( P<0.05),and the serum cholesterol,triglyceride,urea nitrogen,glucose and total protein contents and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activities of other experimental groups had no significant difference( P>0.05); the serum total superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity of K20 group were increased( P>0.05),and there were no significant differences in serum antioxidant indies among all groups( P>0.05). In conclusion,the PBM replaced 20% to60% fish meal significantly reduce the growth performance of Ctenopharyngodon idellus,the CM and BSFLM replaced less than 40% fishmeal have no significant effects on the growth performance of Ctenopharyngodonidellus,and the BSFLM replaced 20% fishmeal can improve the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Comprehensive all indicators,the application effect of BSFLM is the best,followed by CM.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2187-2200]
引文
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[5]罗嘉翔,黄文文,袁野,等.鸡肉粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用、消化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(11):3970-3979.
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[12]周维仁,宦海琳,白群安,等.配合饲料中不同动物蛋白源对异育银鲫生产性能的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2008,36(6):225-226.
[13]安新城,吕欣.黑水虻的生物学特性及营养价值[J].养殖与饲料,2007(11):67-68.
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