邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯对大黄鱼受精卵及仔鱼的急性毒性效应
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摘要
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(dinoctyl phthalate,DOP)是一类重要的工业用有机化合物,在水环境中广泛分布,对水生生物具有一定的毒性效应。为了研究DBP和DOP对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)受精卵及初孵仔鱼的急性毒性效应,开展大黄鱼幼鱼在DBP和DOP中的暴露实验。结果显示,随着DBP和DOP浓度的升高,大黄鱼受精卵孵化率呈现逐步降低的趋势,死亡率、畸形率则呈现逐步升高的趋势。DBP和DOP暴露对大黄鱼初孵仔鱼均产生一定的致死效应,DBP和DOP对大黄鱼仔鱼的96 h半致死浓度分别为5. 23 mg·L-1和6. 57 mg·L-1。结果表明,DBP和DOP对大黄鱼鱼卵及初孵仔鱼均具有高毒毒性。DBP和DOP对水生生物的慢性毒性需要进一步关注。
DBP( dibutyl phthalate,DBP) and DOP( dinoctyl phthalate,DOP) are essential organic compounds applied in industrial sectors,and are ubiquitously and widely distributed in the environment. DBP and DOP have certain toxicity to aquatic organisms. Because of hydrolysis,its photolysis and evaporation rate is very slow. DBP and DOP have been concerned as major global environmental pollutants. It is significant to study their possible adverse impacts on organisms. In order to study toxic effects of DBP and DOP on early life stage of Pseudosciaena crocea,fish actue static test was used to explore the acute toxicity of DBP and DOP to juveile P. crocea. The acute toxicity test of DBP and DOP to juvenile P. crocea was determined. The acute toxicity effects on Pseudosciaena crocea by dibutylphthalate( DBP) and dinoctyl phthalate( DOP) were studied by adopting standard determination technique of aquatic biological toxicity. It was found that toxic effect was caused in groups treated with DBP and DOP. DBP and DOP caused toxic effects on the hatchability and the deformity of the larvae. The results obtained in this study indicates that the median-lethal concentrations( LC50) of DBP and DOP in 96 h to P. crocea larvae were 5. 23 mg·L-1 and 6. 57 mg·L-1,respectively. It shows that DBP and DOP are highly toxic for eggs and newly hatched larvae of Pseudosciaena crocea. The chronic toxicity of DBP and DOP to aquatic organisms needs more further study.
DBP( dibutyl phthalate,DBP) and DOP( dinoctyl phthalate,DOP) are essential organic compounds applied in industrial sectors,and are ubiquitously and widely distributed in the environment. DBP and DOP have certain toxicity to aquatic organisms. Because of hydrolysis,its photolysis and evaporation rate is very slow. DBP and DOP have been concerned as major global environmental pollutants. It is significant to study their possible adverse impacts on organisms. In order to study toxic effects of DBP and DOP on early life stage of Pseudosciaena crocea,fish actue static test was used to explore the acute toxicity of DBP and DOP to juveile P. crocea. The acute toxicity test of DBP and DOP to juvenile P. crocea was determined. The acute toxicity effects on Pseudosciaena crocea by dibutylphthalate( DBP) and dinoctyl phthalate( DOP) were studied by adopting standard determination technique of aquatic biological toxicity. It was found that toxic effect was caused in groups treated with DBP and DOP. DBP and DOP caused toxic effects on the hatchability and the deformity of the larvae. The results obtained in this study indicates that the median-lethal concentrations( LC50) of DBP and DOP in 96 h to P. crocea larvae were 5. 23 mg·L-1 and 6. 57 mg·L-1,respectively. It shows that DBP and DOP are highly toxic for eggs and newly hatched larvae of Pseudosciaena crocea. The chronic toxicity of DBP and DOP to aquatic organisms needs more further study.
引文
[1]陈济安,邱志群,舒为群,等.我国水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯污染现状及其生物降解研究进展[J].癌变·畸变·突变,2007,19(3):212-214.CHEN J A,QIU Z Q,SHU W Q,et al. Pollution of PAEs in water and the biodegradations studies in China[J]. Carcinogenesis, Teratogenesis&Mutagenesis,2007,19(3):212-214.
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[3] STAPLES C A,PETERSON D R,PARKERTON T F,et al. The environmental fate of phthalate esters:A literature review[J]. Chemosphere,1997,35(4):667-749.
[4] ABDUL-GHANI S,YANAI J,ABDUL-GHANI R,et al. The teratogenicity and behavioral teratogenicity of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)and di-butyl phthalate(DBP)in a chick model.[J].Neurotoxicology&Teratology,2012,34(1):56-62.
[5]刘庆,杨红军,史衍玺,等.环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)污染物研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(8):968-975.LIU Q,YANG H J,SHI Y X,et al. Research progress on phthalate esters(PAEs)organic pollutants in the environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(8):968-975.
[6]骆祝华,黄翔玲,叶德赞.环境内分泌干扰物-邻苯二甲酸酯的生物降解研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2008,14(6):890-897.LUO Z H,HAUNG X L,YE D Z. Advances in research of biodegradation of environmental endocrine disruptors-phthalate esters[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2008,14(6):890-897.
[7]周文敏,傅德黔,孙宗光.中国水中优先控制污染物黑名单的确定[J].环境科学研究,1991,4(6):18-20.ZHOU W M,FU D Q,SUN Z G. Determination of black list of China's priority pollutants in water[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,1991,4(6):18-20.
[8]黄国兰,孙红文,高娟,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对大型蚤(Daphnia magna)的毒性作用研究[J].环境化学,1998(5):428-433.HUANG G L,SUN H W,GAO J,et al. Study on toxic effects of dibutyl phthalate on Daphnia magna[J]. Environmental Chemistry,1998(5):428-433.
[9]刘伟杰,段舜山.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对多刺裸腹溞生长繁殖的影响[J].生态科学,2011,30(3):229-235.LIU W J,DUAN S S. Effect of dibutyl phthalate exposure on growth and multiply of Miona maeroeopa[J]. Ecological Science,2011,30(3):229-235.
[10]王金霞,席贻龙,刘晓波,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对多刺裸腹溞的毒性[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(7):1335-1339.WANG J X,XI Y L,LIU X B,et al. Toxicity of dibutyl phthalate to cladoceran Moina macrocopa[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2009,28(7):1335-1339.
[11]胡芹芹,熊丽,田裴秀子,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对斜生栅藻的致毒效应研究[J].生态毒理学报,2008,3(1):87-92.HU Q Q,XIONG L,TIAN P X Z,et al. Toxic effects of dibutyl phthalate(DBP)on Cenedesmus obliquus[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2008,3(1):87-92.
[12]别聪聪,李锋民,李媛媛,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对短裸甲藻活性氧自由基的影响[J].环境科学,2012,33(2):442-447.BIE C C, LI F M, LI Y Y, et al. Effects of allelochemical dibutyl phthalate on Gymnodinium breve reactive oxygen species[J]. Environmental Science,2012,33(2):442-447.
[13]张灿,杨雪,何桢,等.邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)对斑马鱼的毒性效应研究[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):105-109.ZHANG C,YANG X,HE Z,et al. Toxic effects of butyl benzyl phthalate on Danio rerio[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2010,3(6):105-109.
[14]李文英,熊丽,刘荣,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)生理生化特性的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(1):117-122.LI W Y,XIONG L,LIU R,et al. Effects of dbp on physiological and biochemistrical characteristics of Brachydanio rerio[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2007,2(1):117-122.
[15]秦洁芳,陈海刚,蔡文贵,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼的胁迫效应[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(5):1125-1131.QIN J F,CHEN H G,CAI W G,et al. Effects of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)on activity of enzyms in different tissues of crimson snapper(Lutjanus erythropterus)[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2011,18(5):1125-1131.
[16] HUANG B,LI D,YANG Y. Joint toxicity of two phthalates with waterborne copper to Daphnia magna and Photobacterium phosphoreum[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2016,97(3):380.
[17]李凤芝. DOP对鲤鱼的遗传毒性及肝脏抗氧化系统的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(28):130-132.LI F Z. Effects of DOP on the genetic toxicity and liver antioxidant system in carps[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(28):130-132.
[18]祁明亮,朱敏,赵晓祥. DEP、DOP暴露对鲤鱼的酸碱性磷酸酶的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(2):10-13.QI M L,ZHU M,ZHAO X X. Effects of DEP and DOP exposure on the acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the carp[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2012,12(2):10-13.
[19] JR M F,SANDERS H O. Toxicology of phthalic acid esters in aquatic organisms[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,1973,3:153-157.
[20]贾真. DMP、DBP、DOP对斑马鱼的生态毒理效应研究[C].中囯环境科学学会学术年会论文集,成都,2014:1839-1844.JIA Z. Toxic effects of DMP,DBP,DOP on Danio rerio[C]. Proceedings of Chinese Society of Environmental Science, Chengdu, 2014:1839-1844.
[21] STAPLES C A,ADAMS W J,PARKERTON T F,et al. Aquatic toxicity of eighteen phthalate esters[J]. Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2010,16(5):875-891.
[22]何秀婷,李潇,杨永涛,等.邻苯二甲酸酯对斑马鱼胚胎发育的联合毒性[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2010,49(5):101-106.HE X T, LI X, YANG Y T, et al. Effects of combined toxicity of phthalic acid esters on zebrafish embryonic development[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni(Natural Science),2010,49(5):101-106.
[23]林玲,王玉柱,丁训诚,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性的研究[J].卫生研究,2008,37(3):278-280.LIN L,WANG Y Z,DING X C,et al. Embryo toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate to zebrafish(Brchydanio)embryos[J]. Journal of Hyciene Research,2008,37(3):278-280.
[24] BOXTEL A L V,FLUITSMA K D M,LEGLER J.Dithiocarbamates are teratogenic to developing zebrafish through inhibition of lysyl oxidase activity[J]. Toxicology&Applied Pharmacology,2010,244(2):156-161.
[25] ZHANG Y,WANG C,HUANG L,et al. Low-level pyrene exposure causes cardiac toxicity in zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryos.[J]. Aquatic Toxicology,2012,114-115(3):119-124.
[26]吴琼,张晓峰,任伟,等.邻苯二甲酸酯的污染现状及微生物降解研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2018,38(2):122-128.WU Q,ZHANG X F,REN W,et al. Advances in pollution status and microbio-degradation of phthalates[J]. Journal of Microbiology,2018,38(2):122-128.
[2] GUO Y,WU Q,KANNAN K. Phthalate metabolites in urine from China,and implications for human exposures.[J]. Environment International,2011,37(5):893-898.
[3] STAPLES C A,PETERSON D R,PARKERTON T F,et al. The environmental fate of phthalate esters:A literature review[J]. Chemosphere,1997,35(4):667-749.
[4] ABDUL-GHANI S,YANAI J,ABDUL-GHANI R,et al. The teratogenicity and behavioral teratogenicity of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)and di-butyl phthalate(DBP)in a chick model.[J].Neurotoxicology&Teratology,2012,34(1):56-62.
[5]刘庆,杨红军,史衍玺,等.环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)污染物研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(8):968-975.LIU Q,YANG H J,SHI Y X,et al. Research progress on phthalate esters(PAEs)organic pollutants in the environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(8):968-975.
[6]骆祝华,黄翔玲,叶德赞.环境内分泌干扰物-邻苯二甲酸酯的生物降解研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2008,14(6):890-897.LUO Z H,HAUNG X L,YE D Z. Advances in research of biodegradation of environmental endocrine disruptors-phthalate esters[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2008,14(6):890-897.
[7]周文敏,傅德黔,孙宗光.中国水中优先控制污染物黑名单的确定[J].环境科学研究,1991,4(6):18-20.ZHOU W M,FU D Q,SUN Z G. Determination of black list of China's priority pollutants in water[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,1991,4(6):18-20.
[8]黄国兰,孙红文,高娟,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对大型蚤(Daphnia magna)的毒性作用研究[J].环境化学,1998(5):428-433.HUANG G L,SUN H W,GAO J,et al. Study on toxic effects of dibutyl phthalate on Daphnia magna[J]. Environmental Chemistry,1998(5):428-433.
[9]刘伟杰,段舜山.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对多刺裸腹溞生长繁殖的影响[J].生态科学,2011,30(3):229-235.LIU W J,DUAN S S. Effect of dibutyl phthalate exposure on growth and multiply of Miona maeroeopa[J]. Ecological Science,2011,30(3):229-235.
[10]王金霞,席贻龙,刘晓波,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对多刺裸腹溞的毒性[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(7):1335-1339.WANG J X,XI Y L,LIU X B,et al. Toxicity of dibutyl phthalate to cladoceran Moina macrocopa[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2009,28(7):1335-1339.
[11]胡芹芹,熊丽,田裴秀子,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对斜生栅藻的致毒效应研究[J].生态毒理学报,2008,3(1):87-92.HU Q Q,XIONG L,TIAN P X Z,et al. Toxic effects of dibutyl phthalate(DBP)on Cenedesmus obliquus[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2008,3(1):87-92.
[12]别聪聪,李锋民,李媛媛,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对短裸甲藻活性氧自由基的影响[J].环境科学,2012,33(2):442-447.BIE C C, LI F M, LI Y Y, et al. Effects of allelochemical dibutyl phthalate on Gymnodinium breve reactive oxygen species[J]. Environmental Science,2012,33(2):442-447.
[13]张灿,杨雪,何桢,等.邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)对斑马鱼的毒性效应研究[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):105-109.ZHANG C,YANG X,HE Z,et al. Toxic effects of butyl benzyl phthalate on Danio rerio[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2010,3(6):105-109.
[14]李文英,熊丽,刘荣,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)生理生化特性的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(1):117-122.LI W Y,XIONG L,LIU R,et al. Effects of dbp on physiological and biochemistrical characteristics of Brachydanio rerio[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2007,2(1):117-122.
[15]秦洁芳,陈海刚,蔡文贵,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼的胁迫效应[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(5):1125-1131.QIN J F,CHEN H G,CAI W G,et al. Effects of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)on activity of enzyms in different tissues of crimson snapper(Lutjanus erythropterus)[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2011,18(5):1125-1131.
[16] HUANG B,LI D,YANG Y. Joint toxicity of two phthalates with waterborne copper to Daphnia magna and Photobacterium phosphoreum[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2016,97(3):380.
[17]李凤芝. DOP对鲤鱼的遗传毒性及肝脏抗氧化系统的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(28):130-132.LI F Z. Effects of DOP on the genetic toxicity and liver antioxidant system in carps[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(28):130-132.
[18]祁明亮,朱敏,赵晓祥. DEP、DOP暴露对鲤鱼的酸碱性磷酸酶的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(2):10-13.QI M L,ZHU M,ZHAO X X. Effects of DEP and DOP exposure on the acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the carp[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2012,12(2):10-13.
[19] JR M F,SANDERS H O. Toxicology of phthalic acid esters in aquatic organisms[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,1973,3:153-157.
[20]贾真. DMP、DBP、DOP对斑马鱼的生态毒理效应研究[C].中囯环境科学学会学术年会论文集,成都,2014:1839-1844.JIA Z. Toxic effects of DMP,DBP,DOP on Danio rerio[C]. Proceedings of Chinese Society of Environmental Science, Chengdu, 2014:1839-1844.
[21] STAPLES C A,ADAMS W J,PARKERTON T F,et al. Aquatic toxicity of eighteen phthalate esters[J]. Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2010,16(5):875-891.
[22]何秀婷,李潇,杨永涛,等.邻苯二甲酸酯对斑马鱼胚胎发育的联合毒性[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2010,49(5):101-106.HE X T, LI X, YANG Y T, et al. Effects of combined toxicity of phthalic acid esters on zebrafish embryonic development[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni(Natural Science),2010,49(5):101-106.
[23]林玲,王玉柱,丁训诚,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性的研究[J].卫生研究,2008,37(3):278-280.LIN L,WANG Y Z,DING X C,et al. Embryo toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate to zebrafish(Brchydanio)embryos[J]. Journal of Hyciene Research,2008,37(3):278-280.
[24] BOXTEL A L V,FLUITSMA K D M,LEGLER J.Dithiocarbamates are teratogenic to developing zebrafish through inhibition of lysyl oxidase activity[J]. Toxicology&Applied Pharmacology,2010,244(2):156-161.
[25] ZHANG Y,WANG C,HUANG L,et al. Low-level pyrene exposure causes cardiac toxicity in zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryos.[J]. Aquatic Toxicology,2012,114-115(3):119-124.
[26]吴琼,张晓峰,任伟,等.邻苯二甲酸酯的污染现状及微生物降解研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2018,38(2):122-128.WU Q,ZHANG X F,REN W,et al. Advances in pollution status and microbio-degradation of phthalates[J]. Journal of Microbiology,2018,38(2):122-128.
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