茂兰喀斯特自然保护区聚落空间分布与演变特点
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摘要
探讨自然保护区聚落空间分布与演变特点,对认识自然保护地区人地关系动态变化具有重要意义。本文采用1963年到2015年的高分辨率影像和地形图数据,研究了茂兰保护区聚落空间分布与动态演变。结果表明:(1)茂兰自然保护区的聚落集中分布在4个实验区,从1963年到2015年,实验区聚落一直呈增加趋势,2005年是聚落集聚程度经历了减弱再到增加过程的拐点;(2)在聚落规模增加的同时,聚落的功能也在发生着变化,形成了以旅游业为主的新型生态旅游型聚落;(3)保护区峰丛洼地中聚落面积与耕地面积二者呈显著的正相关,保护区聚落密度低、聚耕比小是保护区植被得以较完整保存的根本原因。研究结果有助于为查清茂兰自然保护地区人-地关系动态状况、为连片峰丛洼地区的人-地关系优化调控提供参考。
To explore the characteristics of spatial distribution and evolution of settlement is of great significance to understand the man-environment dynamic in the Nature Reserve Area. In this paper, we studied the spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of settlements in the Maolan Reserve Area with data derived from the interpretation of high resolution imagery and topographic maps from the period of 1963 to 2015. The results showed that,(1) The settlement of the study area are mainly concentrated in 4 experimentation areas. Moreover, from 1963 to 2015, the size of settlement in the experimentation area had been increasing, and in 2005, the settlement agglomeration degree experienced a turning point from which it began to increase from the weakened process.(2) At the same time, the function of the settlement is changing with the increasing of settlement scale, and a new type of ecological tourism settlement is formed.(3) There is a significant positive correlation between the settlement area and the cultivated land area in the peak-cluster depression area of Maolan Reserve Area. The low density of settlements and the low ratio of settlement area to cultivated land area are the basic reasons for the existence of intact vegetation in the study area. The study results are useful to understand the dynamic relationship between human and the environment of Maolan Reserve Area, and provide a reference for the optimal regulation of man-land relationship in the contiguous peak-cluster depression area.
To explore the characteristics of spatial distribution and evolution of settlement is of great significance to understand the man-environment dynamic in the Nature Reserve Area. In this paper, we studied the spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of settlements in the Maolan Reserve Area with data derived from the interpretation of high resolution imagery and topographic maps from the period of 1963 to 2015. The results showed that,(1) The settlement of the study area are mainly concentrated in 4 experimentation areas. Moreover, from 1963 to 2015, the size of settlement in the experimentation area had been increasing, and in 2005, the settlement agglomeration degree experienced a turning point from which it began to increase from the weakened process.(2) At the same time, the function of the settlement is changing with the increasing of settlement scale, and a new type of ecological tourism settlement is formed.(3) There is a significant positive correlation between the settlement area and the cultivated land area in the peak-cluster depression area of Maolan Reserve Area. The low density of settlements and the low ratio of settlement area to cultivated land area are the basic reasons for the existence of intact vegetation in the study area. The study results are useful to understand the dynamic relationship between human and the environment of Maolan Reserve Area, and provide a reference for the optimal regulation of man-land relationship in the contiguous peak-cluster depression area.
引文
[1] 马利邦,郭晓东,张启媛.陇中黄土丘陵区乡村聚落的空间格局:以甘肃省通渭县为例[J].山地学报,2012,30(4):408-416 .
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[5] 王介勇,刘彦随,陈玉福.黄淮海平原农区典型村庄用地扩展及其动力机制[J].地理研究,2010,29(10):1833-1840.
[6] 余兆武,肖黎姗,郭青海,等.城镇化过程中福建省山区县农村聚落景观格局变化特征[J].生态学报,2016.36(10):3021-3031.
[7] 席建超,赵美风,葛全胜.旅游地乡村聚落用地格局演变的微尺度分析:河北野三坡旅游区苟各庄村的案例实证[J].地理学报,2011,66(12):1707-1717.
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[9] 王发艳,李阳兵.红枫湖流域聚落空间格局特征及其影响因素分析[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(3):326-337.
[10] 闵婕,杨庆媛.岩溶山区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型分析.以重庆市巫山县为例[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(1):99-109.
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[13] 王中强,龙翠玲,赵晶,等.茂兰森林景观多样性分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38 (10):5452-5454.
[14] 谭成江,冉景丞,莫家伟,等.茂兰保护区石漠化现状、成因及治理对策[J].山地农业生物学报,2011,30(5):440-442,457.
[15] 罗光杰,李阳兵,王世杰.岩溶山区聚落格局演变等级效应及其与交通条件的关系:以贵州省后寨河、王家寨、茂兰地区为例[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(3):320-326.
[16] 罗光杰,李阳兵,王世杰,等.岩溶山区景观多样性变化的生态学意义对比:以贵州四个典型地区为例[J].生态学报,2011,31(14):3882-3889.
[17] 陈寅,李阳兵,谭秋.茂兰自然保护区景观格局空间变化研究[J],地球与环境,2014,42(2):179-186.
[18] 罗光杰,李阳兵,王世杰,等.自然保护区聚落空间格局与演变的梯度效应:以贵州茂兰为例[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(8):1327-1339.
[19] 熊康宁.茂兰自然保护区耕地人口承载力研究[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,15(4):10-17.
[20] 梁会民,赵军.基于GIS 的黄土塬区居民点空间分布研究[J].人文地理,2001,16(6):81-83.
[21] 李秀丽,刘占波,赵军.石羊河流域居民地空间分布类型研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(4):97-101.
[22] 陈建庚.茂兰保护区喀斯特生态环境类型划分及特征分析[J].贵州环保科技,2000,6(2):8-16.
[23] 谭明.贵州喀斯特洼地经济的优化问题[J].经济地理,1989,9(3):209-211.
[24] 海贝贝,李小建,许家伟.巩义市农村居民点空间格局演变及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2013,32(12):2257-2269.
[25] 李阳兵,罗光杰,白晓永,等.典型峰丛洼地耕地、聚落及其与喀斯特石漠化的相互关系:案例研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(9):2195-2207.
[26] 龙翠玲.不同地形部位喀斯特森林物种多样性的比较研究:以贵州茂兰自然保护区为例[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(1):55-60.
[27] 刘攀峰,杨瑞,安明态,等.贵州茂兰喀斯特森林植被演替序列的数量分析[J].中国岩溶,2008,27(4):329-334.
[28] 李阳兵,罗光杰,黄娟.茂兰喀斯特自然保护区撂荒地时空演变、机制及其植被恢复[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(4):447-453.
[29] 朱鹤,刘家明.山岳型景区建设下乡村聚落的多维重构:基于云丘山旅游景区微观案例的实证研究[J].地理研究,2018,37(2):2490-2502.
[30] 陈琴,李名扬,李月臣,等.山地乡村景观研究进展[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2019,36(1):119-128.
[2] 王曼曼,吴秀芹,吴斌,等.盐池北部风沙区乡村聚落空间格局演变分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):260-271.
[3] 陈永林,谢炳庚.江南丘陵区乡村聚落空间演化及重构:以赣南地区为例[J].地理研究,2016,35(1):184-194.
[4] 陈诚,金志丰.经济发达地区乡村聚落用地模式演变:以无锡市惠山区为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(11):2155-2164.
[5] 王介勇,刘彦随,陈玉福.黄淮海平原农区典型村庄用地扩展及其动力机制[J].地理研究,2010,29(10):1833-1840.
[6] 余兆武,肖黎姗,郭青海,等.城镇化过程中福建省山区县农村聚落景观格局变化特征[J].生态学报,2016.36(10):3021-3031.
[7] 席建超,赵美风,葛全胜.旅游地乡村聚落用地格局演变的微尺度分析:河北野三坡旅游区苟各庄村的案例实证[J].地理学报,2011,66(12):1707-1717.
[8] 周晓芳,周永章.贵州典型喀斯特地貌区农村聚落空间分布研究:以清镇红枫区、毕节鸭池区和关岭:贞丰花江区为例[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(1):78-85.
[9] 王发艳,李阳兵.红枫湖流域聚落空间格局特征及其影响因素分析[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(3):326-337.
[10] 闵婕,杨庆媛.岩溶山区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型分析.以重庆市巫山县为例[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(1):99-109.
[11] 周政贤.茂兰喀斯特森林科学考察集[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1987:244-263.
[12] 谭成江,陈正仁.茂兰保护区森林资源动态及变化原因与对策[J].贵州林业科技,2002,30(2):49-51.
[13] 王中强,龙翠玲,赵晶,等.茂兰森林景观多样性分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38 (10):5452-5454.
[14] 谭成江,冉景丞,莫家伟,等.茂兰保护区石漠化现状、成因及治理对策[J].山地农业生物学报,2011,30(5):440-442,457.
[15] 罗光杰,李阳兵,王世杰.岩溶山区聚落格局演变等级效应及其与交通条件的关系:以贵州省后寨河、王家寨、茂兰地区为例[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(3):320-326.
[16] 罗光杰,李阳兵,王世杰,等.岩溶山区景观多样性变化的生态学意义对比:以贵州四个典型地区为例[J].生态学报,2011,31(14):3882-3889.
[17] 陈寅,李阳兵,谭秋.茂兰自然保护区景观格局空间变化研究[J],地球与环境,2014,42(2):179-186.
[18] 罗光杰,李阳兵,王世杰,等.自然保护区聚落空间格局与演变的梯度效应:以贵州茂兰为例[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(8):1327-1339.
[19] 熊康宁.茂兰自然保护区耕地人口承载力研究[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,15(4):10-17.
[20] 梁会民,赵军.基于GIS 的黄土塬区居民点空间分布研究[J].人文地理,2001,16(6):81-83.
[21] 李秀丽,刘占波,赵军.石羊河流域居民地空间分布类型研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(4):97-101.
[22] 陈建庚.茂兰保护区喀斯特生态环境类型划分及特征分析[J].贵州环保科技,2000,6(2):8-16.
[23] 谭明.贵州喀斯特洼地经济的优化问题[J].经济地理,1989,9(3):209-211.
[24] 海贝贝,李小建,许家伟.巩义市农村居民点空间格局演变及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2013,32(12):2257-2269.
[25] 李阳兵,罗光杰,白晓永,等.典型峰丛洼地耕地、聚落及其与喀斯特石漠化的相互关系:案例研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(9):2195-2207.
[26] 龙翠玲.不同地形部位喀斯特森林物种多样性的比较研究:以贵州茂兰自然保护区为例[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(1):55-60.
[27] 刘攀峰,杨瑞,安明态,等.贵州茂兰喀斯特森林植被演替序列的数量分析[J].中国岩溶,2008,27(4):329-334.
[28] 李阳兵,罗光杰,黄娟.茂兰喀斯特自然保护区撂荒地时空演变、机制及其植被恢复[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(4):447-453.
[29] 朱鹤,刘家明.山岳型景区建设下乡村聚落的多维重构:基于云丘山旅游景区微观案例的实证研究[J].地理研究,2018,37(2):2490-2502.
[30] 陈琴,李名扬,李月臣,等.山地乡村景观研究进展[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2019,36(1):119-128.