三峡水库小江回水区水华期间环境因子对微囊藻丰度的影响
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摘要
小江是三峡库区北岸流域面积最大的一条支流,其回水区富营养化备受关注。2016年4月下旬至5月中旬,小江回水区高阳断面和双江断面爆发了水华。以高阳断面和双江断面为监测区域,采用冗余分析方法,探究水华爆发期微囊藻丰度与环境因子的关系,以期找出水华应急阶段关键水环境因子,为小江回水区微囊藻水华预警监测和防控提供科学依据。结果表明,随着水深逐渐增加,微囊藻的丰度逐渐减少,高阳断面上表层(水下0.5m)、中层(1/2水深)、底层(底部以上0.5m)微囊藻丰度为2 467.67×10~4个/L、792.58×10~4个/L、729.72×10~4个/L;双江断面表、中、底层分别为1 337.57×10~4个/L、298.75×10~4个/L、108.79×10~4个/L;高阳断面微囊藻丰度明显高于双江断面。高阳断面的水温、溶解氧和高锰酸盐指数明显高于双江断面,其他水环境指标的差异性不显著。冗余分析Monte Carlo检验结果显示,高阳断面溶解氧与微囊藻丰度呈显著正相关(P=0.045),电导率与微囊藻丰度呈显著负相关(P=0.047);双江断面水温与微囊藻丰度呈极显著正相关(P=0.002),透明度与微囊藻丰度呈显著负相关(P=0.011)。
Xiaojiang River is one of the largest tributaries to the north basin of Three Gorges Reservoir.Eutrophication and frequent algae blooms in the backwater of Xiaojiang River have intensified and attracted increasing attention.From late April to mid-May of 2016,an algae bloom occurred in the Gaoyang and Shuangjiang sections of Xiaojiang River and intensive monitoring of water quality and Microcystis abundance was carried out during the bloom.Monitoring of water quality was also conducted before(February to March)and after(June to July)the algae bloom.Differences in the water quality parameters before and after the algal bloom,and the relationship between environmental factors and Microcystis abundance was analyzed using redundancy analysis.The objective was to identify the primary environmental factors affecting Microcystis abundance and provide a scientific basis for controlling Microcystis blooms.There were large differences in water quality parameters before and after the algal bloom in both the Gaoyang and Shuangjiang sections,particularly in conductivity and dissolved oxygen(DO).During the bloom,conductivity was significantly higher and DO was significantly lower than before or after the bloom.Microcystis abundance decreased with depth.In the Gaoyang section,the average abundance of Microcystis was 2 467.67×10~4 cells/L at the surface(0.5 m below the surface),792.58×10~4 cells/L in the middle(1/2 water depth)and 729.72×10~4 cells/L at the bottom(0.5 mabove the bottom).In the Shuangjiang section,the average abundances at the surface,middle and bottom layers were,respectively,1 337.57×10~4 cells/L,298.75×10~4 cells/L,108.79×10~4 cells/L.Microcystis abundance in the Gaoyang backwater was significantly higher than in the Shuangjiang backwater.Water temperature,DO and the permanganate index were also significantly higher in Gaoyang section while differences in the other environmental factors were not significant between the two sections.Redundancy analysis combined with the Monte Carlo permutation test showed,in the Gaoyang section,a significant positive correlation between Microcystis abundance and DO(P=0.045)and a significant negative correlation with conductivity(P=0.047).In the Shuangjiang section,Microcystis abundance was positively correlated with water temperature(P=0.002)and negatively correlated with water transparency(P=0.011).No significant correlations were found between Microcystis abundance and nutrients,such as nitrogen and phosphorus,or pH.This does not prove that these factors are not important as the lack of correlation may be due to study circumstances,such as an insufficient study period or limited sampling.A better understanding of the relationship of Microcystis abundance with water quality and hydrodynamics will require continued research.
Xiaojiang River is one of the largest tributaries to the north basin of Three Gorges Reservoir.Eutrophication and frequent algae blooms in the backwater of Xiaojiang River have intensified and attracted increasing attention.From late April to mid-May of 2016,an algae bloom occurred in the Gaoyang and Shuangjiang sections of Xiaojiang River and intensive monitoring of water quality and Microcystis abundance was carried out during the bloom.Monitoring of water quality was also conducted before(February to March)and after(June to July)the algae bloom.Differences in the water quality parameters before and after the algal bloom,and the relationship between environmental factors and Microcystis abundance was analyzed using redundancy analysis.The objective was to identify the primary environmental factors affecting Microcystis abundance and provide a scientific basis for controlling Microcystis blooms.There were large differences in water quality parameters before and after the algal bloom in both the Gaoyang and Shuangjiang sections,particularly in conductivity and dissolved oxygen(DO).During the bloom,conductivity was significantly higher and DO was significantly lower than before or after the bloom.Microcystis abundance decreased with depth.In the Gaoyang section,the average abundance of Microcystis was 2 467.67×10~4 cells/L at the surface(0.5 m below the surface),792.58×10~4 cells/L in the middle(1/2 water depth)and 729.72×10~4 cells/L at the bottom(0.5 mabove the bottom).In the Shuangjiang section,the average abundances at the surface,middle and bottom layers were,respectively,1 337.57×10~4 cells/L,298.75×10~4 cells/L,108.79×10~4 cells/L.Microcystis abundance in the Gaoyang backwater was significantly higher than in the Shuangjiang backwater.Water temperature,DO and the permanganate index were also significantly higher in Gaoyang section while differences in the other environmental factors were not significant between the two sections.Redundancy analysis combined with the Monte Carlo permutation test showed,in the Gaoyang section,a significant positive correlation between Microcystis abundance and DO(P=0.045)and a significant negative correlation with conductivity(P=0.047).In the Shuangjiang section,Microcystis abundance was positively correlated with water temperature(P=0.002)and negatively correlated with water transparency(P=0.011).No significant correlations were found between Microcystis abundance and nutrients,such as nitrogen and phosphorus,or pH.This does not prove that these factors are not important as the lack of correlation may be due to study circumstances,such as an insufficient study period or limited sampling.A better understanding of the relationship of Microcystis abundance with water quality and hydrodynamics will require continued research.
引文
蔡庆华,孙志禹,2012.三峡水库水环境与水生态研究的进展与展望[J].湖泊科学,24(2):169-177.
陈小娟,潘晓洁,邹曦,等,2013.三峡水库小江回水区水华爆发期原生动物群落的初步研究[J].水生态学杂志,34(6):1-6.
董静,李根保,2016.微囊藻群体形成影响因子及机理[J].水生生物学报,40(2):378-387.
郭劲松,盛金萍,李哲,等,2010.三峡水库运行初期小江回水区藻类群落季节变化特点[J].环境科学,31(7):1492-1497.
郭劲松,陈园,李哲,等,2011.三峡小江回水区叶绿素a季节变化及其同主要藻类的相互关系[J].环境科学,32(4):976-981.
李大命,叶琳琳,于洋,等,2012.太湖水华期间有毒和无毒微囊藻种群丰度的动态变化[J].生态学报,32(22):7109-7116.
李哲,郭劲松,方芳,等,2010.三峡小江回水区蓝藻季节变化及其与主要环境因素的相互关系[J].环境科学,31(2):301-309.
潘晓洁,黄一凡,郑志伟,等,2015.三峡水库小江夏初水华暴发特征及原因分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,24(11):1944-1952.
潘晓洁,刘诚,朱梦灵,等,2016.三峡水库泄、蓄水过程对小江浮游植物群落结构的影响[J].水生态学杂志,37(3):2083-2089.
邱光胜,胡圣,叶丹,等,2011.三峡库区支流富营养化及水华现状研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,20(3):311-316.
任秋芬,阿依巧丽,朱智,等,2010.三峡水域季节及养分对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响---模拟乌江回水区水环境的研究[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),27(1):42-46.
田泽斌,刘德富,杨正健,等,2012.三峡水库香溪河库湾夏季蓝藻水华成因研究[J].中国环境科学,32(11):42-48.
魏复盛,2002.水和废水监测分析方法(第4版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.
张玮,赵凤斌,徐后涛,等,2017.松雅湖成湖初期夏季浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,34(3):47-52.
章宗涉,黄祥飞,1991.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社.
周川,蔚建军,付莉,等,2016.三峡库区支流澎溪河水华高发期环境因子和浮游藻类的时空特征及其关系[J].环境科学,37(3):873-883.
邹曦,潘晓洁,郑志伟,等,2017.三峡水库小江回水区叶绿素a与环境因子的时空变化[J].水生态学杂志,38(4):48-56.
Codd G A,Morrison L F,Metcalf J S,2005.Cyanobacterial toxins:risk management for health protection[J].Toxicology&Applied Pharmacology,203(3):264-272.
Li M,Xiao M,2016.Environmental factors related to the dominance of Microcystis wesenbergii,and Microcystis aeruginosa,in a eutrophic lake[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,75(8):1-8.
Strakova L,Kopp R,2013.Dynamics of the cyanobacterial water bloom with focus to Microcystis and its relationship with environmental factors in Brno reservoir[J].Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis,61(5):1383-1390.
Ter Braak C J F,1986.Canonical Correspondence Analysis:A New Eigenvector Technique for Multivariate Direct Gradient Analysis[J].Ecology,67(5):1167-1179.
Ter Braak C J F,Smilauer P,2002.CANOCO Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User′s Guide:Software for Canonical Community Ordination(version4.5)[M].Netherlands:Wageningen University.
Wang X,Sun M,Wang J,et al,2012.Microcystis Genotype Succession and Related Environmental Factors in Lake Taihu during Cyanobacterial Blooms[J].Microbial Ecology,64(4):986-999.
Yu L,Kong F,Zhang M,et al,2014.The dynamics of microcystis genotypes and microcystin production and associations with environmental factors during blooms in Lake Chaohu,China[J].Toxins,6(12):3238-3257.
陈小娟,潘晓洁,邹曦,等,2013.三峡水库小江回水区水华爆发期原生动物群落的初步研究[J].水生态学杂志,34(6):1-6.
董静,李根保,2016.微囊藻群体形成影响因子及机理[J].水生生物学报,40(2):378-387.
郭劲松,盛金萍,李哲,等,2010.三峡水库运行初期小江回水区藻类群落季节变化特点[J].环境科学,31(7):1492-1497.
郭劲松,陈园,李哲,等,2011.三峡小江回水区叶绿素a季节变化及其同主要藻类的相互关系[J].环境科学,32(4):976-981.
李大命,叶琳琳,于洋,等,2012.太湖水华期间有毒和无毒微囊藻种群丰度的动态变化[J].生态学报,32(22):7109-7116.
李哲,郭劲松,方芳,等,2010.三峡小江回水区蓝藻季节变化及其与主要环境因素的相互关系[J].环境科学,31(2):301-309.
潘晓洁,黄一凡,郑志伟,等,2015.三峡水库小江夏初水华暴发特征及原因分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,24(11):1944-1952.
潘晓洁,刘诚,朱梦灵,等,2016.三峡水库泄、蓄水过程对小江浮游植物群落结构的影响[J].水生态学杂志,37(3):2083-2089.
邱光胜,胡圣,叶丹,等,2011.三峡库区支流富营养化及水华现状研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,20(3):311-316.
任秋芬,阿依巧丽,朱智,等,2010.三峡水域季节及养分对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响---模拟乌江回水区水环境的研究[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),27(1):42-46.
田泽斌,刘德富,杨正健,等,2012.三峡水库香溪河库湾夏季蓝藻水华成因研究[J].中国环境科学,32(11):42-48.
魏复盛,2002.水和废水监测分析方法(第4版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.
张玮,赵凤斌,徐后涛,等,2017.松雅湖成湖初期夏季浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,34(3):47-52.
章宗涉,黄祥飞,1991.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社.
周川,蔚建军,付莉,等,2016.三峡库区支流澎溪河水华高发期环境因子和浮游藻类的时空特征及其关系[J].环境科学,37(3):873-883.
邹曦,潘晓洁,郑志伟,等,2017.三峡水库小江回水区叶绿素a与环境因子的时空变化[J].水生态学杂志,38(4):48-56.
Codd G A,Morrison L F,Metcalf J S,2005.Cyanobacterial toxins:risk management for health protection[J].Toxicology&Applied Pharmacology,203(3):264-272.
Li M,Xiao M,2016.Environmental factors related to the dominance of Microcystis wesenbergii,and Microcystis aeruginosa,in a eutrophic lake[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,75(8):1-8.
Strakova L,Kopp R,2013.Dynamics of the cyanobacterial water bloom with focus to Microcystis and its relationship with environmental factors in Brno reservoir[J].Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis,61(5):1383-1390.
Ter Braak C J F,1986.Canonical Correspondence Analysis:A New Eigenvector Technique for Multivariate Direct Gradient Analysis[J].Ecology,67(5):1167-1179.
Ter Braak C J F,Smilauer P,2002.CANOCO Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User′s Guide:Software for Canonical Community Ordination(version4.5)[M].Netherlands:Wageningen University.
Wang X,Sun M,Wang J,et al,2012.Microcystis Genotype Succession and Related Environmental Factors in Lake Taihu during Cyanobacterial Blooms[J].Microbial Ecology,64(4):986-999.
Yu L,Kong F,Zhang M,et al,2014.The dynamics of microcystis genotypes and microcystin production and associations with environmental factors during blooms in Lake Chaohu,China[J].Toxins,6(12):3238-3257.