影响口语流利性的学习者语块“断奏”现象
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摘要
针对目前国内外从韵律的视角探讨学习者语块质量问题不多的情况,采集中国英语学习者朗读录音,借助声学图谱和人工听辨,主要关注学习者语块的"断奏"现象,旨在找出其在停顿、连读和音高曲拱等方面的表现形式。结果表明:语块内部的衔接不自然,使得学习者语块的"断奏"现象比较突出,主要表现在语块内部停顿不当,连读缺失,音高曲拱呈"小串状"结构。认为研究结果对英语口语教学和学习具有一定的指导作用。
Concerning the current situation of the quality of learners' chunks from the perspective of rhythm at home and abroad, on the basis of the study of Chinese EFL learners reading aloud recordings, using acoustic maps and artificial hearings, the staccato phenomena of learners' chunks are concerned in order to explore the features of pauses, continuous readings, and pitch arches. The results show that the connection inside the chunks is unnatural, which makes the staccato phenomena of the learners' chunks more prominent, in terms of inappropriate pauses, missing pitch arches and "small string"structure. It believes that the research results have a certain guiding effect on oral English teaching and learning.
Concerning the current situation of the quality of learners' chunks from the perspective of rhythm at home and abroad, on the basis of the study of Chinese EFL learners reading aloud recordings, using acoustic maps and artificial hearings, the staccato phenomena of learners' chunks are concerned in order to explore the features of pauses, continuous readings, and pitch arches. The results show that the connection inside the chunks is unnatural, which makes the staccato phenomena of the learners' chunks more prominent, in terms of inappropriate pauses, missing pitch arches and "small string"structure. It believes that the research results have a certain guiding effect on oral English teaching and learning.
引文
[ 1 ] 房艳霞.提高语块意识的教学对汉语第二语言学习者口语产出的影响[J].世界汉语教学,2018,32(1):93-109.
[ 2 ] WRAY A.Formulaic language and the lexicon[M].Cambridge:CUP,2002:9.
[ 3 ] 杨萌,穆凤英.影响英语学习者口语流利性的停顿研究述评[J].临沂大学学报,2011,33(6):60-64.
[ 4 ] RIGGENBACH H.Towards an understanding of fluency:a microanalysis of nonnative speaker conversation[J].Discourse Analysis,1991(14):423-441.
[ 5 ] 毛澄怡.语块及其在英语学习者会话中的使用特征[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2008(2):58-62.
[ 6 ] 杨萌,穆凤英.影响中国英语学习者口语流利性的语调短语内部停顿研究[J].外语与外语教学,2011(6):16-21.
[ 7 ] CRUTTENDEN A.Intonation[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Peking University Press & Cambridge:Cambridge University press,2002:24.
[ 8 ] ROACH,PETER.English phonetics and phonology[M].2nd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1991:132.
[ 9 ] 郭瑞芝.语言学:语音与听力玄机透视[J].外语与外语教学,2003(3):56-58.
[10] 穆凤英.从学习者语调中韵律短语的整体性看韵律特征的习得[J].江苏师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,35(5):139-142.
[11] NATTINGER J,DECARRICO J.Lexical phrases and language teaching[M].Oxford:OUP,2000:38-45.
[12] BOERS F,LINDSTROMBERG S.Optimizing a lexical approach to instructed second language acquisition[M].New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2009:34.
[13] DETERDING D H.Letter to the editor the measurement of rhythm:a comparison of Singapore and British English[J].Journal of Phonetics,2001(21):217-230.
[14] MELENCA M A.Teaching connected speech rules to Japanese speakers of English so as to avoid a staccato speech rhythm[D].Tesl Centre,2001:40-55.
[15] Bybee,Joan.Phonological evidence for exemplar storage of multiword sequences[J].Studies in Second Language Acquisition,2002,24(2):215-221.
[16] 王希竹,彭爽.汉语二语学习者口语非流利产出分类体系探析[J].延边大学学报(社会科学版),2017,50(5):100-105,143.
[17] 黄四宏,詹宏伟.语块认知加工研究的最新进展[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报),2011,34(2):64-71.
[18] 杨萌.基于音高分析的学习者语块质量研究[J].牡丹江大学学报,2016,25(2):113-115.
[19] 陈桦.中国学生英语语调模式研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2008:86.
[20] 原萍,郭粉绒.语块与二语口语流利性的相关性研究[J].外语界,2010(1):54-62.
[21] 原萍.语块在二语口语输出能力发展中的特点研究[J].西安外国语大学学报,2011,19(4):54-58.
[22] BOERS F,EYCKMANS J,KAPPEL J,et al.Formulaic sequences and perceived oral proficiency:putting a lexical approach to the test[J].Language Teaching Research,2006,10(3):245-261.
[ 2 ] WRAY A.Formulaic language and the lexicon[M].Cambridge:CUP,2002:9.
[ 3 ] 杨萌,穆凤英.影响英语学习者口语流利性的停顿研究述评[J].临沂大学学报,2011,33(6):60-64.
[ 4 ] RIGGENBACH H.Towards an understanding of fluency:a microanalysis of nonnative speaker conversation[J].Discourse Analysis,1991(14):423-441.
[ 5 ] 毛澄怡.语块及其在英语学习者会话中的使用特征[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2008(2):58-62.
[ 6 ] 杨萌,穆凤英.影响中国英语学习者口语流利性的语调短语内部停顿研究[J].外语与外语教学,2011(6):16-21.
[ 7 ] CRUTTENDEN A.Intonation[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Peking University Press & Cambridge:Cambridge University press,2002:24.
[ 8 ] ROACH,PETER.English phonetics and phonology[M].2nd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1991:132.
[ 9 ] 郭瑞芝.语言学:语音与听力玄机透视[J].外语与外语教学,2003(3):56-58.
[10] 穆凤英.从学习者语调中韵律短语的整体性看韵律特征的习得[J].江苏师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,35(5):139-142.
[11] NATTINGER J,DECARRICO J.Lexical phrases and language teaching[M].Oxford:OUP,2000:38-45.
[12] BOERS F,LINDSTROMBERG S.Optimizing a lexical approach to instructed second language acquisition[M].New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2009:34.
[13] DETERDING D H.Letter to the editor the measurement of rhythm:a comparison of Singapore and British English[J].Journal of Phonetics,2001(21):217-230.
[14] MELENCA M A.Teaching connected speech rules to Japanese speakers of English so as to avoid a staccato speech rhythm[D].Tesl Centre,2001:40-55.
[15] Bybee,Joan.Phonological evidence for exemplar storage of multiword sequences[J].Studies in Second Language Acquisition,2002,24(2):215-221.
[16] 王希竹,彭爽.汉语二语学习者口语非流利产出分类体系探析[J].延边大学学报(社会科学版),2017,50(5):100-105,143.
[17] 黄四宏,詹宏伟.语块认知加工研究的最新进展[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报),2011,34(2):64-71.
[18] 杨萌.基于音高分析的学习者语块质量研究[J].牡丹江大学学报,2016,25(2):113-115.
[19] 陈桦.中国学生英语语调模式研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2008:86.
[20] 原萍,郭粉绒.语块与二语口语流利性的相关性研究[J].外语界,2010(1):54-62.
[21] 原萍.语块在二语口语输出能力发展中的特点研究[J].西安外国语大学学报,2011,19(4):54-58.
[22] BOERS F,EYCKMANS J,KAPPEL J,et al.Formulaic sequences and perceived oral proficiency:putting a lexical approach to the test[J].Language Teaching Research,2006,10(3):245-261.