丛枝菌根真菌修复设施蔬菜连作障碍机制
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摘要
连作障碍问题严重制约着我国蔬菜产业的发展,造成连作障碍的原因主要有土壤理化性状恶化、植物自毒作用、土壤微生物区系变化等。解决连作障碍的措施有很多种,生物防治是其中之一。丛枝菌根真菌能与植物形成共生体,研究表明,丛枝菌根真菌能够改善连作土壤的生物环境问题、减少作物连作产生的自毒物质、改变土壤微生物区系等,在一定程度上能有效地防治连作障碍。笔者分析了丛枝菌根真菌缓解蔬菜连作障碍的作用机制,合理评价AM真菌克服蔬菜连作障碍的潜力,为解决蔬菜连作障碍问题提供新的研究方向和生物技术依据。
Continuous cropping obstacle seriously restrict the development of vegetable industry in China. The cause of continuous cropping obstacle mainly has the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, self-toxicity of plants, the change of soil microflora, etc. The one solving measures of continuous cropping obstacle was biological control. Aurbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi could form symbions with plants, studies had shown that AM fungi could improve the biotic habitat of continuous cropping soil, and reduce toxic substances produced by crops, and change the soil microflora, etc. To a certain extent, the AM fungi had effective prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacle. We analyzed remediation mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle in greenhouse vegetables and evaluated reasonably the potential of AM fungi to overcome continuous cropping obstacle. The study provided a new research direction and biological technology basis to solve continuous cropping obstacle.
Continuous cropping obstacle seriously restrict the development of vegetable industry in China. The cause of continuous cropping obstacle mainly has the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, self-toxicity of plants, the change of soil microflora, etc. The one solving measures of continuous cropping obstacle was biological control. Aurbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi could form symbions with plants, studies had shown that AM fungi could improve the biotic habitat of continuous cropping soil, and reduce toxic substances produced by crops, and change the soil microflora, etc. To a certain extent, the AM fungi had effective prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacle. We analyzed remediation mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle in greenhouse vegetables and evaluated reasonably the potential of AM fungi to overcome continuous cropping obstacle. The study provided a new research direction and biological technology basis to solve continuous cropping obstacle.
引文
[1]吴凤芝,赵凤艳.根系分泌物与连作障碍.东北农业大学学报,2003,34(1):114-118.
[2]高群,孟宪志,于洪飞.连作障碍原因分析及防治途径研究[J].山东农业科学,2006(3):60-63.
[3]解静,杨凤丽,陈丽萍,等.施用不同微生物菌肥对设施连作西瓜农艺性状的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2014(11):1709-1711.
[4]苏世鸣,任丽轩,霍振华.西瓜与旱作水稻间作改善西瓜连作障碍及对土壤微生物区系的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(3):704-712.
[5]段峰,王秀云,高志红.园艺作物连作障碍发生原因及防治措施[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(3):34-39.
[6]陈玲,董坤,杨智仙,等.苯甲酸胁迫下间作对蚕豆自毒效应的缓解机制[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):95-103.
[7]牛彩萍,王姣敏,刘宝文.连作障碍对芹菜品质的影响研究[J].农业科技与信息,2015(8):66-67.
[8]陈可,孙吉庆,刘润进,等.丛枝菌根真菌对西瓜嫁接苗生长和根系防御性酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):135-141.
[9]刘起丽.共生丛枝菌根减轻番茄黄化卷叶撒丁岛病毒症状和降低病毒浓度[J].农业生物技术学报,2014,22(2):149.
[10]彭有才,刘挺,赵俊杰,等.连作对土壤性状影响的研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(9):100-103.
[11]梁银丽,陈志杰,徐福利.黄土高原设施农业中的土壤连作障碍[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):134-136.
[12]马海燕,徐瑾,郑成淑,等.非洲菊连作对土壤理化性状与生物性状的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(18):3733-3740.
[13]王延平,王华田.植物根分泌的化感物质及其在土壤中的环境行为[J].土壤通报,2010,41(3):501-506.
[14]YU J Q,YE S F,ZHANG M F,et al.Effects of root exudates and aqueous root extracts of cucumber(Cucumis sativus)and allelo-chemicals,on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in cucum-ber[J].Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2003,31:129-139.
[15]乔蓬蕾,周新刚,吴凤芝.不同连作茬次黄瓜根围土壤微生物群落的T-RFLP分析[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2640-2649.
[16]孙吉庆,刘润进,李敏.丛枝菌根真菌提高抗逆性的效应及其机制研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2012,48(9):845-852.
[17]齐永志,金京京,张雪娇,等.丛枝菌根真菌与氯化苦配施对草莓连作障碍的防控作用[J].农药,2016,55(4):300-303.
[18]HODGE A,FITTER A H.Substantial nitrogen acquisition byarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from organic material has implica-tions for N cycling[J].Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States of America,2010,107(31):13754-13759.
[19]陈潇,盛萍萍,刘润进,等.西瓜与辣椒间作体系接种AM真菌对连作西瓜植株生长和防御酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(12):6-9.
[20]鹿金颖,毛永民,申连英,等.VA菌根真菌对酸枣实生苗抗旱性的影响[J].园艺学报,2003,30(1):29-33.
[21]郭绍霞,刘润进.丛枝菌根真菌Glomusmosseae对盐胁迫下牡丹渗透调节的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(10):1007-1012.
[22]马通,陈潇,金静,等.丛枝菌根真菌对‘金口’芹菜生长和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(10):35-38.
[23]JAITI F,MEDDICH A,HADRAMI I E.Effectiveness ofarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the protection of date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)against bayoud disease[J].Physiologicaland Molecular Plant Pathology,2007,71(4/6):166-173.
[24]马通,李桂舫,刘润进,等.AM真菌对连作西瓜根内和根围土壤酚酸类物质和黄酮含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(8):1-4.
[25]刘润进,陈应龙.菌根学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[26]CRUZ A F,ISHII T,MATSUMOTO I,et al.Evaluation of themycelial network formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae in therhizosphere of papaya and other plants under intercropping system[J].Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,2003,34(1):72-76.
[27]胡正嘉,王平.VA菌根真菌对棉花枯萎病的影响[J].土壤学报,1994,31(增刊):212-217.
[28]补娟,崔卫东,罗明,等.接种丛枝菌根真菌对棉花生长和黄萎病的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2009,46(3):549-555.
[29]贺忠群,贺超兴,张志斌,等.不同基质接种丛枝菌根真菌对番茄生长及PAL、PPO酶活的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(S2):169-172.
[30]郭修武,李坤,郭印山,等.丛枝菌根真菌对连作土壤中葡萄生长及根系分泌特性的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(4):392-395.
[31]戴梅,王洪娴,殷元元,等.丛枝菌根真菌与根围促生细菌相互作用的效应与机制[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2854-2860.
[32]VESTBERG M,KUKKONEN S,SAARI K,et al.Microbialinoculation for improving the growth and health of micropropa-gated strawberry[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2004,27(3):243-258.
[33]秦芳玲,王敬国,李晓林,等.VA菌根真菌和解磷细菌对红三叶草生长和氮磷营养的影响[J].草业学报,2000,9(1):9-14.
[34]BAREA J M,TORO M,OROZCO M O,et al.The application ofisotopic(32P and15N)dilution techniques to evaluate the interac-tive effect of phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria,mycorrhizalfungi and Rhizobium to improve the agronomic efficiency of rock[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2002,63(1):35-42.
[2]高群,孟宪志,于洪飞.连作障碍原因分析及防治途径研究[J].山东农业科学,2006(3):60-63.
[3]解静,杨凤丽,陈丽萍,等.施用不同微生物菌肥对设施连作西瓜农艺性状的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2014(11):1709-1711.
[4]苏世鸣,任丽轩,霍振华.西瓜与旱作水稻间作改善西瓜连作障碍及对土壤微生物区系的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(3):704-712.
[5]段峰,王秀云,高志红.园艺作物连作障碍发生原因及防治措施[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(3):34-39.
[6]陈玲,董坤,杨智仙,等.苯甲酸胁迫下间作对蚕豆自毒效应的缓解机制[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):95-103.
[7]牛彩萍,王姣敏,刘宝文.连作障碍对芹菜品质的影响研究[J].农业科技与信息,2015(8):66-67.
[8]陈可,孙吉庆,刘润进,等.丛枝菌根真菌对西瓜嫁接苗生长和根系防御性酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):135-141.
[9]刘起丽.共生丛枝菌根减轻番茄黄化卷叶撒丁岛病毒症状和降低病毒浓度[J].农业生物技术学报,2014,22(2):149.
[10]彭有才,刘挺,赵俊杰,等.连作对土壤性状影响的研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(9):100-103.
[11]梁银丽,陈志杰,徐福利.黄土高原设施农业中的土壤连作障碍[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):134-136.
[12]马海燕,徐瑾,郑成淑,等.非洲菊连作对土壤理化性状与生物性状的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(18):3733-3740.
[13]王延平,王华田.植物根分泌的化感物质及其在土壤中的环境行为[J].土壤通报,2010,41(3):501-506.
[14]YU J Q,YE S F,ZHANG M F,et al.Effects of root exudates and aqueous root extracts of cucumber(Cucumis sativus)and allelo-chemicals,on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in cucum-ber[J].Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2003,31:129-139.
[15]乔蓬蕾,周新刚,吴凤芝.不同连作茬次黄瓜根围土壤微生物群落的T-RFLP分析[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2640-2649.
[16]孙吉庆,刘润进,李敏.丛枝菌根真菌提高抗逆性的效应及其机制研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2012,48(9):845-852.
[17]齐永志,金京京,张雪娇,等.丛枝菌根真菌与氯化苦配施对草莓连作障碍的防控作用[J].农药,2016,55(4):300-303.
[18]HODGE A,FITTER A H.Substantial nitrogen acquisition byarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from organic material has implica-tions for N cycling[J].Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States of America,2010,107(31):13754-13759.
[19]陈潇,盛萍萍,刘润进,等.西瓜与辣椒间作体系接种AM真菌对连作西瓜植株生长和防御酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(12):6-9.
[20]鹿金颖,毛永民,申连英,等.VA菌根真菌对酸枣实生苗抗旱性的影响[J].园艺学报,2003,30(1):29-33.
[21]郭绍霞,刘润进.丛枝菌根真菌Glomusmosseae对盐胁迫下牡丹渗透调节的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(10):1007-1012.
[22]马通,陈潇,金静,等.丛枝菌根真菌对‘金口’芹菜生长和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(10):35-38.
[23]JAITI F,MEDDICH A,HADRAMI I E.Effectiveness ofarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the protection of date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)against bayoud disease[J].Physiologicaland Molecular Plant Pathology,2007,71(4/6):166-173.
[24]马通,李桂舫,刘润进,等.AM真菌对连作西瓜根内和根围土壤酚酸类物质和黄酮含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(8):1-4.
[25]刘润进,陈应龙.菌根学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[26]CRUZ A F,ISHII T,MATSUMOTO I,et al.Evaluation of themycelial network formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae in therhizosphere of papaya and other plants under intercropping system[J].Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,2003,34(1):72-76.
[27]胡正嘉,王平.VA菌根真菌对棉花枯萎病的影响[J].土壤学报,1994,31(增刊):212-217.
[28]补娟,崔卫东,罗明,等.接种丛枝菌根真菌对棉花生长和黄萎病的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2009,46(3):549-555.
[29]贺忠群,贺超兴,张志斌,等.不同基质接种丛枝菌根真菌对番茄生长及PAL、PPO酶活的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(S2):169-172.
[30]郭修武,李坤,郭印山,等.丛枝菌根真菌对连作土壤中葡萄生长及根系分泌特性的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(4):392-395.
[31]戴梅,王洪娴,殷元元,等.丛枝菌根真菌与根围促生细菌相互作用的效应与机制[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2854-2860.
[32]VESTBERG M,KUKKONEN S,SAARI K,et al.Microbialinoculation for improving the growth and health of micropropa-gated strawberry[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2004,27(3):243-258.
[33]秦芳玲,王敬国,李晓林,等.VA菌根真菌和解磷细菌对红三叶草生长和氮磷营养的影响[J].草业学报,2000,9(1):9-14.
[34]BAREA J M,TORO M,OROZCO M O,et al.The application ofisotopic(32P and15N)dilution techniques to evaluate the interac-tive effect of phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria,mycorrhizalfungi and Rhizobium to improve the agronomic efficiency of rock[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2002,63(1):35-42.