3种有机物料配肥下的宅基地复垦土壤重金属污染风险评估
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摘要
【目的】为确立宅基地复垦土地的绿色安全培肥方案。【方法】以成都平原宅基地复垦土壤为研究对象,设置空白对照(CK)、常规化肥(CF)、秸秆全量还田(S1)、秸秆1.5倍还田(S2)、菌渣等碳量还田(R1)、菌渣1.5倍碳量还田(R2)、猪粪等碳量还田(M1)、猪粪1.5倍碳量还田(M2)共8个施肥处理,研究3种不同有机物料培肥处理的复垦土壤中Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn和As的重金属含量及其变化特征,并利用内梅罗综合指数法及潜在生态风险评价法对复垦土壤重金属进行风险评估。【结果】复垦土壤重金属含量的高低次序为Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Cd,随着时间推移及秸秆、菌渣和猪粪3种有机物料增加,土壤重金属含量呈上升趋势;3种物料处理内梅罗指数和潜在生态风险系数均处于轻微风险范围,其中猪粪1.5倍碳量还田(M2)处理均大于其他施肥处理,而秸秆全量还田(S1)处理均小于其他施肥处理。【结论】推荐S1处理为最佳绿色安全培肥方案,即小麦季使用55 911 kg/hm~2的秸秆与276 kg/hm~2的尿素、575 kg/hm~2的过磷酸钙、15 kg/hm~2的氯化钾混施还田,玉米季使用46 449 kg/hm~2的秸秆与350 kg/hm~2的尿素、792 kg/hm~2的过磷酸钙、108 kg/hm~2的氯化钾混施还田。
【Objective】In order to establish a green and safe fertilization scheme for the reclaimed land of homestead.【Method】The experiment took the reclaimed land of homestead in Chengdu Plain as the research object,and set blank control(CK),conventional fertilizer(CF),total straw returning(S1),1.5 times straw returning(S2),equal carbon returning of mushroom residue(R1),1.5 times carbon returning of mushroom residue(R2),equal carbon returning of swine manure(M1) and 1.5 times carbon of swine manure(M2). Eight fertilization treatments were used to study the heavy metals contents of Cu,Cd,Cr,Pb,Zn and As in reclaimed soil under three different organic materials treatments and their variation characteristics. The heavy metals in reclaimed soil were evaluated by Nemerow composite index method and Potential ecological risk assessment method.【Result】The order of heavy metal content in reclaimed soil was Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Cd. With the time going on and the increase of straw,mushroom residue and swine manure,soil heavy metals showed an upward trend;Nemerow index and potential ecological risk coefficient of three materials treatments are in a slight risk range,among which 1.5 times carbon content of swine manure returned to field(M2) were higher than those under other fertilization treatments,while under total straw returned to field(S1) were lower than those under other fertilization treatments.【Conclusion】S1 treatment is recommended as the best green and safe fertilization scheme,which is treated with 55 911 kg/hm~2 straw,276 kg/hm~2 in urea,575 kg/hm~2 in superphosphate and 15 kg/hm~2 in potassium chloride in wheat season,46 449 kg/hm~2 straw,350 kg/hm~2 in urea,792 kg/hm~2 in superphosphate and 108 kg/hm~2 in potassium chloride in cron season.
【Objective】In order to establish a green and safe fertilization scheme for the reclaimed land of homestead.【Method】The experiment took the reclaimed land of homestead in Chengdu Plain as the research object,and set blank control(CK),conventional fertilizer(CF),total straw returning(S1),1.5 times straw returning(S2),equal carbon returning of mushroom residue(R1),1.5 times carbon returning of mushroom residue(R2),equal carbon returning of swine manure(M1) and 1.5 times carbon of swine manure(M2). Eight fertilization treatments were used to study the heavy metals contents of Cu,Cd,Cr,Pb,Zn and As in reclaimed soil under three different organic materials treatments and their variation characteristics. The heavy metals in reclaimed soil were evaluated by Nemerow composite index method and Potential ecological risk assessment method.【Result】The order of heavy metal content in reclaimed soil was Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Cd. With the time going on and the increase of straw,mushroom residue and swine manure,soil heavy metals showed an upward trend;Nemerow index and potential ecological risk coefficient of three materials treatments are in a slight risk range,among which 1.5 times carbon content of swine manure returned to field(M2) were higher than those under other fertilization treatments,while under total straw returned to field(S1) were lower than those under other fertilization treatments.【Conclusion】S1 treatment is recommended as the best green and safe fertilization scheme,which is treated with 55 911 kg/hm~2 straw,276 kg/hm~2 in urea,575 kg/hm~2 in superphosphate and 15 kg/hm~2 in potassium chloride in wheat season,46 449 kg/hm~2 straw,350 kg/hm~2 in urea,792 kg/hm~2 in superphosphate and 108 kg/hm~2 in potassium chloride in cron season.
引文
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[21]翁倩,李启权,代天飞,等.崇州市典型农田土壤中铬的含量状况与空间分布[J].四川农业大学学报,2015,33(4):408-414.
[22]ZAMANI-AHMADMAHMOODI R,JAFARI A,ALIBEYGI-BENIH.Potential ecological risk assessment,enrichment,geoaccumulation,and source identification of metals in the surface sediments of Choghakhor Wetland,Iran[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2017,76:398.
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[26]方晓波,史坚,廖欣峰,等.临安市雷竹林土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1883-1891.
[27]秦鱼生,喻华,冯文强,等.成都平原北部水稻土重金属含量状况及其潜在生态风险评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6335-6344.
[28]HUANG Y,Q Q CHEN,DENG M H,et al.Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment of agricultural soils in a typical peri-urban area in southeast China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,207:159-168.
[29]曹雪莹,张莎娜,谭长银,等.中南大型有色金属冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属污染特征研究[J].土壤,2015,47(1):94-99.
[30]BHATTIA S S,KUMARA V,KUMAR A,et al.Potential ecological risks of meta(lloid)s in riverine floodplain soils[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,164:722-731.
[31]杨净,王宁.夹皮沟金矿开采区土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(3):595-600.
[32]李一蒙,马建华,刘德新,等.开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1037-1044.
[33]张桃林.科学认识和防治耕地土壤重金属污染[J].土壤,2015,47(3):435-439.
[34]尹国庆,江宏,王强,等.安徽省典型区农用地土壤重金属污染成因及特征分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):96-104.
[35]王美,李书田,马义兵,等.长期不同施肥措施对土壤和作物重金属累积的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(1):63-74.
[36]王腾飞,谭长银,曹雪莹,等.长期施肥对土壤重金属积累和有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):257-263.
[37]王美,李书田.肥料重金属含量状况及施肥对土壤和作物重金属富集的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):466-480.
[38]王琼瑶,李森,周玲,等.猪粪-秸秆还田对土壤、作物重金属铜锌积累及环境容量影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(9):1764-1772.
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[2]徐秋桐,孔樟良,章明奎.不同有机废弃物改良新复垦耕地的综合效果评价[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):567-576.
[3]郭新送,丁方军,孟庆羽,等.控释肥不同施用量及深度对宅基复垦地小麦产量与氮肥利用率的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(4):928-934.
[4]任顺荣,邵玉翠,杨军,等.宅基地复垦土壤培肥效果研究[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):78-86.
[5]宫亮,安景文,邢月华,等.连年深松和施用有机肥对土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(6):1092-1099.
[6]李玮,乔玉强,陈欢,等.秸秆还田和施肥对砂姜黑土理化性质及小麦-玉米产量的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(17):5052-5061.
[7]DANNEHL T,LEITHOLD G,BROCK C.The effect of C:N The relation between CUE and ratios on the fate of carbon from straw and green manure in soil:The effect of C∶N ratios on the fate of carbon from straw and green manure[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2017,68(6):988-998.
[8]邓欧平,李翰,熊雷,等.秸秆、猪粪混施对麦田根际土壤过氧化氢酶与蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(1):86-92.
[9]黄晶,王学春,郅正鸿,等.小麦秸秆翻埋还田对水稻秧苗生长及土壤性状的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2016,34(3):276-281.
[10]WANG B,DONG F,CHEN M,et al.Advances in recycling and utilization of agricultural wastes in China:Based on environmental risk,crucial pathways,influencing factors,policy mechanism[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2016,31:12-17.
[11]周伟,邓良基,邓欧平,等.成都平原菌渣还田土壤镉铅含量变化和环境容量[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(4):701-706.
[12]赵睿,吴智书,罗阳,等.猪粪与农田土壤中重金属累积污染的相关分析[J].土壤,2017,49(4):753-759.
[13]周伟,邓良基,贾凡凡,等.菌渣猪粪还田下麦稻重金属富集特征及风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):230-240.
[14]杜丽琼,刘东方,黄文力,等.有机酸对猪粪中重金属的浸提[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(10):2121-2128.
[15]OSTERMANN A,HE Y,SIEMEN J,et al.Tracing copper derived from pig manure in calcareous soils and soil leachates by 65Cu labeling[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(7):4609-4617.
[16]周伟,邓良基,贾凡凡,等.基于土壤重金属风险和经济效益的双孢蘑菇菌渣还田量估算[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(3):507-514.
[17]蔡美芳,李开明,谢丹平,等.我国耕地土壤重金属污染现状与防治对策研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(120):223-230.
[18]LI Z Y,MA Z W,TSERING J,et al.A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in china:pollution and health risk assessment[J].Science of The Total Environment,2014,468/469:843-853.
[19]杨煜曦,卢欢亮,战树顺,等.利用红麻复垦多金属污染酸化土壤[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(3):832-838.
[20]周长松,邹胜章,李录娟,等.几种土壤重金属污染评价方法的对比[J].地球与环境,2015,43(6):709-713.
[21]翁倩,李启权,代天飞,等.崇州市典型农田土壤中铬的含量状况与空间分布[J].四川农业大学学报,2015,33(4):408-414.
[22]ZAMANI-AHMADMAHMOODI R,JAFARI A,ALIBEYGI-BENIH.Potential ecological risk assessment,enrichment,geoaccumulation,and source identification of metals in the surface sediments of Choghakhor Wetland,Iran[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2017,76:398.
[23]韦绪好,孙庆业,程建华,等.焦岗湖流域农田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(12):2304-2311.
[24]SAKAN S,DEVIC G,RELIC D,et al.Risk assessment of trace element contamination in river sediments in Serbia using pollution indices and statistical methods:a pilot study[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73:6625-6638.
[25]颜蒙蒙,王济,胡丰青,等.贵阳郊区菜地土壤重金属Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu污染及潜在生态危害评价[J].四川农业大学学报,2016,34(3):336-341.
[26]方晓波,史坚,廖欣峰,等.临安市雷竹林土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1883-1891.
[27]秦鱼生,喻华,冯文强,等.成都平原北部水稻土重金属含量状况及其潜在生态风险评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6335-6344.
[28]HUANG Y,Q Q CHEN,DENG M H,et al.Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment of agricultural soils in a typical peri-urban area in southeast China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,207:159-168.
[29]曹雪莹,张莎娜,谭长银,等.中南大型有色金属冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属污染特征研究[J].土壤,2015,47(1):94-99.
[30]BHATTIA S S,KUMARA V,KUMAR A,et al.Potential ecological risks of meta(lloid)s in riverine floodplain soils[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,164:722-731.
[31]杨净,王宁.夹皮沟金矿开采区土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(3):595-600.
[32]李一蒙,马建华,刘德新,等.开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1037-1044.
[33]张桃林.科学认识和防治耕地土壤重金属污染[J].土壤,2015,47(3):435-439.
[34]尹国庆,江宏,王强,等.安徽省典型区农用地土壤重金属污染成因及特征分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):96-104.
[35]王美,李书田,马义兵,等.长期不同施肥措施对土壤和作物重金属累积的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(1):63-74.
[36]王腾飞,谭长银,曹雪莹,等.长期施肥对土壤重金属积累和有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):257-263.
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