肇庆市南药产业创新发展的问题与对策
|
摘要
肇庆市地处广东省中西部,西江干流中下游。肇庆西江流域多山地丘陵、土壤疏松肥沃、气候温暖、阳光和雨水充足,这些地理环境条件非常适宜南药生长。当地南药种植历史悠久,300多年前已开始种植肉桂。1980年代,在国家政策倡导下,南药种植规模迅速扩大,到目前发展形成了巴戟天、广佛手、何首乌及肉桂种植为代表的肇庆南药产业。肇庆也是这4种药材的道地产区,产品远销海内外,已形成了一定的产业规模。但当地南药产业发展仍然面临诸多难题,如缺乏整体规划,多以农户分散种植为主;药材种质混杂;病虫危害、农残和重金属污染;交易过程缺乏品质监管;缺少深加工、产品附加值低等问题。本文分析了肇庆市南药产业发展现状、优势以及所面临的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议,对促进当地南药产业发展具有一定的指导意义。
Zhaoqing city is located in the midwest of Guangdong province,the middle and lower reaches of the mainstream of the Xijiang river. Many species of southern medicines grow very well in the Xijiang river basin of Zhaoqing because of existing of enormous mountainous and hilly areas,loose and fertile soil,warm climate,as well as abundant sunshine and rain. Zhaoqing has a long history of cultivating some species of southern medicines.For example,Cinnamomi Cortex was planted more than 300 years ago in Zhaoqing. Under the advocacy of national policy,the planting scale of some species of southern medicines expanded rapidly since 1980 s. Up to now,plantation of the 4 species of southern medicines, namely, Morindae Officinalis Radix, Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Cinnamomi Cortex,has developed into a important representative industry in Zhaoqing. Zhaoqing also develops into the genuine producing area of this 4 species of southern medicines currently,and these products are sold well at home and abroad. Although great progress has been made in southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing, there still exist lots of problems for its future development, such as scattering planting instead of overall program, impure germplasm resources, plant diseases and insect pests,pesticide residue and pollution of heavy metal,lack of quality control in trading process,as well as absence of deep-processing and additional value of products. This paper analyzes the development status,advantages and problems of southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing, and puts forward some corresponding measures and suggestions. These proposals may have important guiding significance for promoting the development of local southern medicine industry.
Zhaoqing city is located in the midwest of Guangdong province,the middle and lower reaches of the mainstream of the Xijiang river. Many species of southern medicines grow very well in the Xijiang river basin of Zhaoqing because of existing of enormous mountainous and hilly areas,loose and fertile soil,warm climate,as well as abundant sunshine and rain. Zhaoqing has a long history of cultivating some species of southern medicines.For example,Cinnamomi Cortex was planted more than 300 years ago in Zhaoqing. Under the advocacy of national policy,the planting scale of some species of southern medicines expanded rapidly since 1980 s. Up to now,plantation of the 4 species of southern medicines, namely, Morindae Officinalis Radix, Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Cinnamomi Cortex,has developed into a important representative industry in Zhaoqing. Zhaoqing also develops into the genuine producing area of this 4 species of southern medicines currently,and these products are sold well at home and abroad. Although great progress has been made in southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing, there still exist lots of problems for its future development, such as scattering planting instead of overall program, impure germplasm resources, plant diseases and insect pests,pesticide residue and pollution of heavy metal,lack of quality control in trading process,as well as absence of deep-processing and additional value of products. This paper analyzes the development status,advantages and problems of southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing, and puts forward some corresponding measures and suggestions. These proposals may have important guiding significance for promoting the development of local southern medicine industry.
引文
[1]焦少珍.世界桂皮生产、消费和贸易格局分析[J].世界农业,2016(8):124-129.
[2]中共肇庆市委办公室.中国肇庆市委肇庆市人民政府关于加大改革创新力度加快农业现代化建设的实施意见(肇发[2015]5号)[Z]. 2015-08-31.
[3]谢辉,伍亿万,王思娴,等.肇庆:全力打造珠三角连接大西南的枢纽门户城市[N].南方日报,2013-11-29(A18).
[4]陈朝辉,陈升忠.广东省肇庆山区的农业发展[J].热带地理,1988,8(4):300-308.
[5]谭业华,陈珍.探讨南药资源分布区域[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(25):7869-7870,7883.
[6]邓珊珊,夏丽华,王晓轩,等.肇庆市旅游气候舒适度模糊综合评价[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(6):242-246.
[7]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:81-82,136-137,175-177,178-179.
[8]蓝子康.巴戟天的高产栽培技术[J].农家之友:理论版,2010(10):21-22,46.
[9]罗新华,陈瑞云.巴戟天栽培技术[J].福建农业,2010(8):20-21.
[10]和志忠.浅谈何首乌栽培技术[J].中国农业信息,2016(12):97-98.
[11]甘奕勇.广佛手密植高产栽培技术[J].中国园艺文摘,2012,28(11):153,163.
[12]倪元华,胡先发.广佛手栽培技术[J].农家之友,2001(1):15.
[13]苏锦强.肉桂丰产栽培技术[J].林业与环境科学,2008,24(1):101-103.
[14]林兴军,周海生,邬华松,等.广东省肉桂产业调研报告[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(1):80-84.
[15]岳玲,程轩轩,唐晓敏,等.佛手的传统应用研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(21):98-103.
[16]楼步青,徐鸿华.南药规范化种植调研及发展策略[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(8):1999-2000.
[17]岳玲,程轩轩,杨全.广佛手的资源调查研究[J].广东化工,2018,45(11):34-36.
[18]黄梅,庞玉新,杨全,等.道地南药GAP种植基地建设及产业现状分析[J].现代中药研究与实践,2014,28(5):8-12.
[19]纪宝玉,裴莉昕,陈随清,等.野葛种质资源的随机扩增多态性DNA技术分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2014,20(16):56-59.
[20]刘金欣,李耿,陈彩霞,等.基于ITS2序列的中药材苍术种苗DNA条形码鉴定[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(2):34-38.
[21]谢江涛.高要探索巴戟天平地种植新模式[N].西江日报,2015-10-09(A03).
[22]张丽君,刘荣,梁远楠.肇庆市林下经济发展现状及对策研究[J].中南林业调查规划,2015,34(2):18-21.
[23]吴忠,苏薇薇.论南药生产的产业化、规范化[J].中药材,2000,23(12):776-778.
[24]李金凤,李静,陈丽梅,等.互联网+模式下从产业价值链视角分析山东平邑金银花产业链的整合策略[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(14):195-201.
[25]邵玲,陈雄伟,梁广坚,等.广东肇庆鼎湖地区野生紫背天葵种质资源研究[J].中药材,2014,37(2):202-206.
[26]胡晓东,林少俊,邵玲,等.广东肇庆地区药材金线莲种质资源调查与生态生物学特性研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2016,24(4):381-388.
[27]方巧凤,梅燕,雷雯.“互联网+”时代下对休闲农业旅游的研究[J].广东蚕业,2016,50(2):46-47.
[28]彭亚萍,白祥.中国休闲农业与乡村旅游可持续发展研究述评[J].天津农业科学,2018,24(2):13-17.
[29]张辉,方家,杨礼宪.我国休闲农业和乡村旅游发展现状与趋势展望[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(9):205-208.
[2]中共肇庆市委办公室.中国肇庆市委肇庆市人民政府关于加大改革创新力度加快农业现代化建设的实施意见(肇发[2015]5号)[Z]. 2015-08-31.
[3]谢辉,伍亿万,王思娴,等.肇庆:全力打造珠三角连接大西南的枢纽门户城市[N].南方日报,2013-11-29(A18).
[4]陈朝辉,陈升忠.广东省肇庆山区的农业发展[J].热带地理,1988,8(4):300-308.
[5]谭业华,陈珍.探讨南药资源分布区域[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(25):7869-7870,7883.
[6]邓珊珊,夏丽华,王晓轩,等.肇庆市旅游气候舒适度模糊综合评价[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(6):242-246.
[7]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:81-82,136-137,175-177,178-179.
[8]蓝子康.巴戟天的高产栽培技术[J].农家之友:理论版,2010(10):21-22,46.
[9]罗新华,陈瑞云.巴戟天栽培技术[J].福建农业,2010(8):20-21.
[10]和志忠.浅谈何首乌栽培技术[J].中国农业信息,2016(12):97-98.
[11]甘奕勇.广佛手密植高产栽培技术[J].中国园艺文摘,2012,28(11):153,163.
[12]倪元华,胡先发.广佛手栽培技术[J].农家之友,2001(1):15.
[13]苏锦强.肉桂丰产栽培技术[J].林业与环境科学,2008,24(1):101-103.
[14]林兴军,周海生,邬华松,等.广东省肉桂产业调研报告[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(1):80-84.
[15]岳玲,程轩轩,唐晓敏,等.佛手的传统应用研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(21):98-103.
[16]楼步青,徐鸿华.南药规范化种植调研及发展策略[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(8):1999-2000.
[17]岳玲,程轩轩,杨全.广佛手的资源调查研究[J].广东化工,2018,45(11):34-36.
[18]黄梅,庞玉新,杨全,等.道地南药GAP种植基地建设及产业现状分析[J].现代中药研究与实践,2014,28(5):8-12.
[19]纪宝玉,裴莉昕,陈随清,等.野葛种质资源的随机扩增多态性DNA技术分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2014,20(16):56-59.
[20]刘金欣,李耿,陈彩霞,等.基于ITS2序列的中药材苍术种苗DNA条形码鉴定[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(2):34-38.
[21]谢江涛.高要探索巴戟天平地种植新模式[N].西江日报,2015-10-09(A03).
[22]张丽君,刘荣,梁远楠.肇庆市林下经济发展现状及对策研究[J].中南林业调查规划,2015,34(2):18-21.
[23]吴忠,苏薇薇.论南药生产的产业化、规范化[J].中药材,2000,23(12):776-778.
[24]李金凤,李静,陈丽梅,等.互联网+模式下从产业价值链视角分析山东平邑金银花产业链的整合策略[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(14):195-201.
[25]邵玲,陈雄伟,梁广坚,等.广东肇庆鼎湖地区野生紫背天葵种质资源研究[J].中药材,2014,37(2):202-206.
[26]胡晓东,林少俊,邵玲,等.广东肇庆地区药材金线莲种质资源调查与生态生物学特性研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2016,24(4):381-388.
[27]方巧凤,梅燕,雷雯.“互联网+”时代下对休闲农业旅游的研究[J].广东蚕业,2016,50(2):46-47.
[28]彭亚萍,白祥.中国休闲农业与乡村旅游可持续发展研究述评[J].天津农业科学,2018,24(2):13-17.
[29]张辉,方家,杨礼宪.我国休闲农业和乡村旅游发展现状与趋势展望[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(9):205-208.