锦江河3种鳜的遗传变异及其多样性评价
|
摘要
为探究锦江河国家级水产种质资源保护区内鳜类遗传变异特征及其多样性水平,基于PCR扩增与测序技术对大眼鳜、斑鳜和中国少鳞鳜3个群体97尾鱼的线粒体控制区序列进行比较分析。结果显示,大眼鳜序列长度为843 bp,无变异位点,只有1种单倍型,斑鳜有852 bp和856 bp两种序列,28个多态位点和11个单倍型,中国少鳞鳜也有845 bp和846 bp两种长度,5个多态位点和5个单倍型;大眼鳜、斑鳜和中国少鳞鳜3种鳜鱼群体内的遗传距离分别为0. 000 0、0. 008 7±0. 002 0和0. 002 0±0. 000 9,单倍型多样度和核苷酸多态性分别为0. 000 0、0. 859 9、0. 736 7和0. 000 0、0. 008 7、0. 002 0。分析表明,3种鳜鱼在终止序列区和保守序列区存在种或属间差异,锦江斑鳜是一个遗传变异大,多样性丰富的稳定种群;中国少鳞鳜虽然单倍型多样度丰富,但遭受过瓶颈效应,导致其核苷酸多样性偏低;大眼鳜遗传组成单一,多样性十分贫乏,推测可能有入侵的养殖群体。锦江系梵净山国家级自然保护区内最大的河流,历史上鳜类资源丰富,但已遭严重的破坏,加强其鳜类遗传资源的研究与保护十分必要。
The aim of this study was to explore the genetic variation characteristics and the level of genetic variation of Sinipercine fishes in the National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Protection Area of Jinjiang River.Based on PCR amplification and sequencing technologies,the mitochondrial control region(D-loop)sequences of Siniperca kneri,Siniperca scherzeri,Coreoperca whiteheadi(3 groups,97 fish)were compared and analyzed.The results showed that:the sequence length of Siniperca kneri was 843 bp with no variation sites and 1 haplotype was identified;The Coreoperca whiteheadi length sequence had two types of 852 bp and 856bp,and 28 polymorphic loci and 11 unique haplotypes were identified;The length sequences of Siniperca scherzeri were 845 bp and 846 bp with 5 polymorphic loci and 5 haplotypes were identified.The genetic distance were 0.000 0,0.002 0±0.000 9 and 0.008 7±0.002 0 in the three groups;The haplotype diversity and nucleotide polymorphism were 0.000 0,0.859 9,0.7367 and 0.000 0,0.008 7,0.002 0,respectively.The experiment and analysis indicated that there were differences among the termination sequence regions and the conserved sequence regions.For the three populations,Coreoperca whiteheadi was a stable population with great genetic variation and rich diversity.Due to bottleneck effect,although the Siniperca scherzeri had rich haplotype diversity,but had low nucleotide diversity;Siniperca kneri had single hereditary composition,and diversity was very poor.Presumably,there may be a invasive breeding population.Jinjiang,as the biggest river of Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve area,once with rich resources of the Sinipercine,but had been badly damaged.It is necessary to strengthen the research and protection of the genetic resources.
The aim of this study was to explore the genetic variation characteristics and the level of genetic variation of Sinipercine fishes in the National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Protection Area of Jinjiang River.Based on PCR amplification and sequencing technologies,the mitochondrial control region(D-loop)sequences of Siniperca kneri,Siniperca scherzeri,Coreoperca whiteheadi(3 groups,97 fish)were compared and analyzed.The results showed that:the sequence length of Siniperca kneri was 843 bp with no variation sites and 1 haplotype was identified;The Coreoperca whiteheadi length sequence had two types of 852 bp and 856bp,and 28 polymorphic loci and 11 unique haplotypes were identified;The length sequences of Siniperca scherzeri were 845 bp and 846 bp with 5 polymorphic loci and 5 haplotypes were identified.The genetic distance were 0.000 0,0.002 0±0.000 9 and 0.008 7±0.002 0 in the three groups;The haplotype diversity and nucleotide polymorphism were 0.000 0,0.859 9,0.7367 and 0.000 0,0.008 7,0.002 0,respectively.The experiment and analysis indicated that there were differences among the termination sequence regions and the conserved sequence regions.For the three populations,Coreoperca whiteheadi was a stable population with great genetic variation and rich diversity.Due to bottleneck effect,although the Siniperca scherzeri had rich haplotype diversity,but had low nucleotide diversity;Siniperca kneri had single hereditary composition,and diversity was very poor.Presumably,there may be a invasive breeding population.Jinjiang,as the biggest river of Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve area,once with rich resources of the Sinipercine,but had been badly damaged.It is necessary to strengthen the research and protection of the genetic resources.
引文
[1]伍律,李德俊,赵执桴,等.贵州鱼类志[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1989:260-266.WU L,LI D J,ZHAO Z F,et al.Fishes of Guizhou[M].Guiyang:Guizhou People’s Publishing House,1989:260-266.
[2]郑建州,李德俊.梵净山地区鱼类资源调查及鱼类区系初探[M]//周政贤.梵净山研究.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1990:392-399.ZHENG J Z,LI D J.Study on fishes and fish-fauna in Fanjing Moutain area[M]//ZHOU X Z.Study on Fanjing Moutain.Guiyang:Guizhou People’s Publishing House,1990:392-399.
[3]陈景星,唐文乔,张春光,等.武陵山区鱼类资源与渔业[M]//宋大祥.西南武陵山地区动物资源和评价.北京:科学出版社,1994:15-18,84-98.CHEN J X,TANG W Q,ZHANG C G,et al.Fish resources and fishery in Wuling Mountain[M]//SONG D X.Animal Resources and Evaluation in Wulingshan Area,Southwest China.Beijing:Science Press,1994:15-18,84-98.
[4]代应贵,李敏.梵净山及邻近地区鱼类资源的现状[J].生物多样性,2006,14(1):55-64.DAI Y G,LI M.Fish resources around Fanjing Mountain,Guizhou[J].Biodiversity Science,2006,14(1):55-64.
[5]禹真,冉辉,樊均德,等.锦江河国家级水产种质资源保护区鳜类资源调查[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(11):146-148,151.YU Z,RAN H,FAN J D,et al.Investigation on sinipercine fishes in the national endemic fish resources protection area Jinjiang River[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(11):146-148,151.
[6]李慧,周易勇,余能智.锦江河沉积物磷形态与吸附行为及磷释放风险[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(4):27-35.LI H,ZHOU Y Y,YU N Z.Determination of phosphorus forms and adsorption behavior of sediments in Jinjiang River and the risk of phosphorus release[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(4):27-35.
[7]吴万刚.锦江河流域下游水环境修复探讨[J].绿色科技,2015(10):220-222.WU W G.Discussion on the remediation of water environment of downstream in Jinjiang River basin[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,2015(10):220-222.
[8]郭健康,安苗,王金娜,等.贵州大眼鳜3个群体r DNAITS-1序列分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(6):1383-1387.GUO J K,AN M,WANG J N,et al.Sequence analysis of r DNA ITS-1 from three populations of Siniperca kneri in Guizhou[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2016,35(6):1383-1387.
[9]郭健康,安苗,周其椿,等.喀斯特山区大眼鳜线粒体COⅠ基因序列分析[J].水产科学,2016,35(6):649-657.GUO J K,AN M,ZHOU Q C,et al.Sequence analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠCO(Ⅰ)of mitochondrial DNA gene of bigeye mandarinfish Siniperca kneri in Karst Mountain[J].Fisheries Science,2016,35(6):649-657.
[10]NIELSEN J L,GAN C,THOMAS W K.Differences in genetic diversity for mitochondrial DNA between hatchery and wild populations of Oncorhynchus[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1994,51(s1):290-297.
[11]TAJIMA F.Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism[J].Genetics,1989,123(3):585-595.
[12]WOLSTENHOLME D R,CLARY D O.Sequence evolution of drosophila mitochondrial DNA[J].Genetics,1985,109(4):725-744.
[13]ZHAO J L,WANG W W,LI S F,et al.Structure of the mitochondrial DNA control region of the sinipercine fishes and their phylogenetic relationship[J].Acta Genetica Sinica,2006,33(9):793-799.
[14]BILLINGTON N,HEBERT P D N.Mitochondrial DNAdiversity in fishes and its implications for introductions[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1991,48(s1):80-94.
[15]YANG X G,WANG Y Q,ZHOU K Y,et al.Authentication of oviductus ranae and Its original animals using molecular marker[J].Biological&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2002,25(8):1035-1039.
[16]LAN H,SHI L M.The origin and genetic differentiation of native breeds of pigs in southwest China:an approach from mitochondrial DNA polymorphism[J].Biochemical Genetics,1993,31(1/2):51-60.
[17]根井正利.分子群体遗传学与进化论[M].王家玉,译.北京:农业出版社,1983:121-167.NEI M.Molecular population genetics and evolution[M].WANG J Y,Trans.Beijing:Agricultural Publishing House,1983:121-167.
[18]NEIGEL J E,AVISE J C.Application of a random walk model to geographic distributions of animal mitochondrial DNA variation[J].Genetics,1993,135(4):1209-1220.
[19]王伟伟,赵金良,李思发.我国斑鳜不同群体mt DNA控制区序列的遗传变异[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(4):398-402.WANG W W,ZHAO J L,LI S F.Genetic variation of the mitochondrial DNA control region among 5 populations of Siniperca scherzeri steindachner in China[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2006,15(4):398-402.
[20]周文漪.基于线粒体细胞色素b的7水系斑鳜遗传多样性分析[D].广州:暨南大学,2014.ZHOU W Y.Mt DNA Cytb Diversity of Siniperca scherzeri from seven water systems[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2014.
[21]GRANT W A S,BOWEN B W.Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes:insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation[J].The Journal of Heredity,1998,89(5):415-426.
[22]赵丽丽,赵金良.中国少鳞鳜不同群体mt DNA控制区序列的遗传变异分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2007,16(5):409-413.ZHAO L L,ZHAO J L.Genetic variation of the mitochondrial DNA control region among 4 populations of Coreoperca whiteheadi[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2007,16(5):409-413.
[23]赵丽丽,赵金良.中国少鳞鳜不同地理群体遗传变异的AFLP分析[J].农业生物技术学报,2008,16(5):907-908.ZHAO L L,ZHAO J L.AFLP analysis on genetic variation among different geographic populations of Coreoperca whiteheadi[J].Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology,2008,16(5):907-908.
[24]CAO L,LIANG X F,TANG W Q,et al.2013.Phylogeography of Coreoperca whiteheadi(Perciformes:Coreoperca)in China based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences[J].Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2013,50:223-231.
[25]曹亮,梁旭方.中国浙江少鳞鳜属一新种(鲈形目,鮨科,鳜亚科)[J].动物分类学报,2013,38(4):891-894.CAO L,LIANG X F.A new freshwater perch species of the genus Coreoperca herzenstein(Perciformes,Serranidae,Sinipercinae)from Zhejiang Province,China[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2013,38(4):891-894.
[26]司从利.珠江水系鳜鱼的遗传多样性研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2012.SI C L.Study on genetic diversity of Siniperca chuatsi sensu lato in the Pearl River[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2012.
[27]袁希平,李成,李鸿,等.洞庭湖水系鳜遗传结构[J].淡水渔业,2012,42(5):8-12.YUAN X P,LI C,LI H,et al.Population genetic structure of Mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)in Dongting Lake[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2012,42(5):8-12.
[28]AVISE J C.Phylogeography:the history and formation of species[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2000.
[29]李兴中,王立亭,刘家仁,等.梵净山第四纪冰川地质研究[J].贵州地质,2013,30(3):203-212,202.LI X Z,WANG L T,LIU J R,et al.Study on quaternary glaciers geology of Fanjing Mountain[J].Guizhou Geology,2013,30(3):203-212,202.
[30]余天虹.梵净山、荔波茂兰植物区系分析比较[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,20(2):50-54.YU T H.Comparison between the flora of Mt.Fanjingshan and Maolan Area[J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Sciences),2002,20(2):50-54.
[31]周政贤,杨业勤,陈克贤,等.梵净山研究[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1990:1.ZHOU Z X,YANG Y Q,CHEN K X,et al.Study on Fanjing Moutain[M].Guiyang:Guizhou People’s Publishing House,1990:1.
[32]周路,张竹青,李正友,等.北盘江光照水电站建设前后鱼类资源变化[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):134-137.ZHOU L,ZHANG Z Q,LI Z Y,et al.Changes of fish resources after construction of Guangzhao hydropower station on Beipan River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2011,32(5):134-137.
[33]周路,张竹青,魏浪,等.贵州骨干水源工程建设对鱼类资源的影响及对策[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(3):176-178.ZHOU L,ZHANG Z Q,WEI L,et al.Influence and its countermeasures of the implementation of key water project construction planning on fish resources of Guizhou Province[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(3):176-178.
[2]郑建州,李德俊.梵净山地区鱼类资源调查及鱼类区系初探[M]//周政贤.梵净山研究.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1990:392-399.ZHENG J Z,LI D J.Study on fishes and fish-fauna in Fanjing Moutain area[M]//ZHOU X Z.Study on Fanjing Moutain.Guiyang:Guizhou People’s Publishing House,1990:392-399.
[3]陈景星,唐文乔,张春光,等.武陵山区鱼类资源与渔业[M]//宋大祥.西南武陵山地区动物资源和评价.北京:科学出版社,1994:15-18,84-98.CHEN J X,TANG W Q,ZHANG C G,et al.Fish resources and fishery in Wuling Mountain[M]//SONG D X.Animal Resources and Evaluation in Wulingshan Area,Southwest China.Beijing:Science Press,1994:15-18,84-98.
[4]代应贵,李敏.梵净山及邻近地区鱼类资源的现状[J].生物多样性,2006,14(1):55-64.DAI Y G,LI M.Fish resources around Fanjing Mountain,Guizhou[J].Biodiversity Science,2006,14(1):55-64.
[5]禹真,冉辉,樊均德,等.锦江河国家级水产种质资源保护区鳜类资源调查[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(11):146-148,151.YU Z,RAN H,FAN J D,et al.Investigation on sinipercine fishes in the national endemic fish resources protection area Jinjiang River[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(11):146-148,151.
[6]李慧,周易勇,余能智.锦江河沉积物磷形态与吸附行为及磷释放风险[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(4):27-35.LI H,ZHOU Y Y,YU N Z.Determination of phosphorus forms and adsorption behavior of sediments in Jinjiang River and the risk of phosphorus release[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(4):27-35.
[7]吴万刚.锦江河流域下游水环境修复探讨[J].绿色科技,2015(10):220-222.WU W G.Discussion on the remediation of water environment of downstream in Jinjiang River basin[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,2015(10):220-222.
[8]郭健康,安苗,王金娜,等.贵州大眼鳜3个群体r DNAITS-1序列分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(6):1383-1387.GUO J K,AN M,WANG J N,et al.Sequence analysis of r DNA ITS-1 from three populations of Siniperca kneri in Guizhou[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2016,35(6):1383-1387.
[9]郭健康,安苗,周其椿,等.喀斯特山区大眼鳜线粒体COⅠ基因序列分析[J].水产科学,2016,35(6):649-657.GUO J K,AN M,ZHOU Q C,et al.Sequence analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠCO(Ⅰ)of mitochondrial DNA gene of bigeye mandarinfish Siniperca kneri in Karst Mountain[J].Fisheries Science,2016,35(6):649-657.
[10]NIELSEN J L,GAN C,THOMAS W K.Differences in genetic diversity for mitochondrial DNA between hatchery and wild populations of Oncorhynchus[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1994,51(s1):290-297.
[11]TAJIMA F.Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism[J].Genetics,1989,123(3):585-595.
[12]WOLSTENHOLME D R,CLARY D O.Sequence evolution of drosophila mitochondrial DNA[J].Genetics,1985,109(4):725-744.
[13]ZHAO J L,WANG W W,LI S F,et al.Structure of the mitochondrial DNA control region of the sinipercine fishes and their phylogenetic relationship[J].Acta Genetica Sinica,2006,33(9):793-799.
[14]BILLINGTON N,HEBERT P D N.Mitochondrial DNAdiversity in fishes and its implications for introductions[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1991,48(s1):80-94.
[15]YANG X G,WANG Y Q,ZHOU K Y,et al.Authentication of oviductus ranae and Its original animals using molecular marker[J].Biological&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2002,25(8):1035-1039.
[16]LAN H,SHI L M.The origin and genetic differentiation of native breeds of pigs in southwest China:an approach from mitochondrial DNA polymorphism[J].Biochemical Genetics,1993,31(1/2):51-60.
[17]根井正利.分子群体遗传学与进化论[M].王家玉,译.北京:农业出版社,1983:121-167.NEI M.Molecular population genetics and evolution[M].WANG J Y,Trans.Beijing:Agricultural Publishing House,1983:121-167.
[18]NEIGEL J E,AVISE J C.Application of a random walk model to geographic distributions of animal mitochondrial DNA variation[J].Genetics,1993,135(4):1209-1220.
[19]王伟伟,赵金良,李思发.我国斑鳜不同群体mt DNA控制区序列的遗传变异[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(4):398-402.WANG W W,ZHAO J L,LI S F.Genetic variation of the mitochondrial DNA control region among 5 populations of Siniperca scherzeri steindachner in China[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2006,15(4):398-402.
[20]周文漪.基于线粒体细胞色素b的7水系斑鳜遗传多样性分析[D].广州:暨南大学,2014.ZHOU W Y.Mt DNA Cytb Diversity of Siniperca scherzeri from seven water systems[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2014.
[21]GRANT W A S,BOWEN B W.Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes:insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation[J].The Journal of Heredity,1998,89(5):415-426.
[22]赵丽丽,赵金良.中国少鳞鳜不同群体mt DNA控制区序列的遗传变异分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2007,16(5):409-413.ZHAO L L,ZHAO J L.Genetic variation of the mitochondrial DNA control region among 4 populations of Coreoperca whiteheadi[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2007,16(5):409-413.
[23]赵丽丽,赵金良.中国少鳞鳜不同地理群体遗传变异的AFLP分析[J].农业生物技术学报,2008,16(5):907-908.ZHAO L L,ZHAO J L.AFLP analysis on genetic variation among different geographic populations of Coreoperca whiteheadi[J].Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology,2008,16(5):907-908.
[24]CAO L,LIANG X F,TANG W Q,et al.2013.Phylogeography of Coreoperca whiteheadi(Perciformes:Coreoperca)in China based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences[J].Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2013,50:223-231.
[25]曹亮,梁旭方.中国浙江少鳞鳜属一新种(鲈形目,鮨科,鳜亚科)[J].动物分类学报,2013,38(4):891-894.CAO L,LIANG X F.A new freshwater perch species of the genus Coreoperca herzenstein(Perciformes,Serranidae,Sinipercinae)from Zhejiang Province,China[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2013,38(4):891-894.
[26]司从利.珠江水系鳜鱼的遗传多样性研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2012.SI C L.Study on genetic diversity of Siniperca chuatsi sensu lato in the Pearl River[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2012.
[27]袁希平,李成,李鸿,等.洞庭湖水系鳜遗传结构[J].淡水渔业,2012,42(5):8-12.YUAN X P,LI C,LI H,et al.Population genetic structure of Mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)in Dongting Lake[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2012,42(5):8-12.
[28]AVISE J C.Phylogeography:the history and formation of species[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2000.
[29]李兴中,王立亭,刘家仁,等.梵净山第四纪冰川地质研究[J].贵州地质,2013,30(3):203-212,202.LI X Z,WANG L T,LIU J R,et al.Study on quaternary glaciers geology of Fanjing Mountain[J].Guizhou Geology,2013,30(3):203-212,202.
[30]余天虹.梵净山、荔波茂兰植物区系分析比较[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,20(2):50-54.YU T H.Comparison between the flora of Mt.Fanjingshan and Maolan Area[J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Sciences),2002,20(2):50-54.
[31]周政贤,杨业勤,陈克贤,等.梵净山研究[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1990:1.ZHOU Z X,YANG Y Q,CHEN K X,et al.Study on Fanjing Moutain[M].Guiyang:Guizhou People’s Publishing House,1990:1.
[32]周路,张竹青,李正友,等.北盘江光照水电站建设前后鱼类资源变化[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):134-137.ZHOU L,ZHANG Z Q,LI Z Y,et al.Changes of fish resources after construction of Guangzhao hydropower station on Beipan River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2011,32(5):134-137.
[33]周路,张竹青,魏浪,等.贵州骨干水源工程建设对鱼类资源的影响及对策[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(3):176-178.ZHOU L,ZHANG Z Q,WEI L,et al.Influence and its countermeasures of the implementation of key water project construction planning on fish resources of Guizhou Province[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(3):176-178.