新疆3种雅罗鱼的多元形态
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摘要
为了揭示高体雅罗鱼(Leuciscusidus)、贝加尔雅罗鱼(Leuciscusbaicalensis)和准噶尔雅罗鱼(Leuciscus merzbacheri)的形态信息和规律,指导新疆雅罗鱼物种的识别、资源保护和良种选育。本研究运用主成分分析、聚类分析及判别分析,对3种鱼的11个可量指标和18个框架指标进行了多元形态差异分析。主成分分析结果提取3个主成分,贡献率分别为57.71%、9.019%、6.502%,累积贡献率为73.23%;主成分1的贡献指标主要集中于头部和尾柄部,头部指标主要包括HL/BL、ML/BL、SL/BL、L_(1-2)/BL、L_(1-3)/BL和L_(2-3)/BL共计6个指标,尾柄部包括CL/BL、L_(6-8)/BL、L_(6-8)/BL、L_(7-8)/BL和L_(8-9)/BL共计5个指标。聚类分析结果显示,高体雅罗鱼和贝加尔雅罗鱼亲缘关系较近,高体雅罗鱼、贝加尔雅罗鱼与准噶尔雅罗鱼亲缘关系较远。判别分析筛选出11个指标(集中于头部和尾柄部),建立了新疆3种雅罗鱼的形态判别函数,将3种鱼的数据代入函数,得到高体雅罗鱼与贝加尔雅罗鱼之间相互判错的概率大,与准噶尔雅罗鱼之间判错的概率均较小;高体雅罗鱼与贝加尔雅罗鱼的个体判别准确率(P_1、P_2)均为80%以上,准噶尔雅罗鱼的个体判别准确率(P_1、P_2)达到95%以上;非交互验证综合判别率为91.2%,交互验证综合判别率为89.4%,两种综合判别率均高且接近,认为判别公式是可信的。新疆3种雅罗鱼被分为两支群体,彼此之间形态差异主要体现在头部和尾柄部,且能够用多元回归函数进行判别。
The 11 measurable morphological indicators and 18 framework morphological indicators of Leuciscus idus, Leuciscus baicalensis and Leuciscus merzbacheri were studied by methods of principal component analysis,cluster analysis and discriminant analysis, in order to reveal their morphological information and laws which can guide the identification, resource conservation and fine variety breeding of Leuciscus. The results of principal component analysis showed that the contribution rates of three extracted principle components were 57.71%,9.019%, 6.502% respectively and the cumulative contribution rate of them was 73.23%. The main proportional parameters of principle component 1 gathered in head and caudal peduncle. The parameter of head included six proportional parameters such as HL/BL, ML/BL, SL/BL, L_(1-2)/BL, L_(1-3)/BL and L_(2-3)/BL6. And the parameter of caudal peduncle included five proportional parameters such as CL/BL、L_(6-8)/BL、L_(6-8)/BL、L_(7-8)/BL and L_(8-9)/BL.Cluster analysis revealed that the genetic relationship of L. idus and L. baicalensisis was closed, and both of them had the father genetic relationship with L. merzbacher. A stepwise discriminant method selected eleven parameters which also gathered in head and caudal peduncle, in order to establish the characteristic discriminant function. The data of there kinds of fish were submitted into the characteristic discriminant function to validate. It showed that it is a little bit difficult to discriminate between L. idus and L. baicalensisis, and L. merzbacher is easy to distinguish between them. The individual discrimination accuracy(P_1, P_2) of L. idus and L. baicalensis are more than 80%,and the individual discrimination accuracy(P_1, P_2) of L. merzbacher reached more than 95%. And the comprehensive discrimination rate of no cross-validated method was 91.2% and the one of cross-validated method was 89.4%. The comprehensive discrimination rate of no cross-validated method is high and very closed to the cross-validated method. It meant that the characteristic discriminant function is credible. Three species of Leuciscus in Xinjiang are divided into two branches. The morphological variation of them is mainly reflected on the part of head and caudal peduncle. And three species of Leuciscus in Xinjiang could be discriminated by multiple regression function.
The 11 measurable morphological indicators and 18 framework morphological indicators of Leuciscus idus, Leuciscus baicalensis and Leuciscus merzbacheri were studied by methods of principal component analysis,cluster analysis and discriminant analysis, in order to reveal their morphological information and laws which can guide the identification, resource conservation and fine variety breeding of Leuciscus. The results of principal component analysis showed that the contribution rates of three extracted principle components were 57.71%,9.019%, 6.502% respectively and the cumulative contribution rate of them was 73.23%. The main proportional parameters of principle component 1 gathered in head and caudal peduncle. The parameter of head included six proportional parameters such as HL/BL, ML/BL, SL/BL, L_(1-2)/BL, L_(1-3)/BL and L_(2-3)/BL6. And the parameter of caudal peduncle included five proportional parameters such as CL/BL、L_(6-8)/BL、L_(6-8)/BL、L_(7-8)/BL and L_(8-9)/BL.Cluster analysis revealed that the genetic relationship of L. idus and L. baicalensisis was closed, and both of them had the father genetic relationship with L. merzbacher. A stepwise discriminant method selected eleven parameters which also gathered in head and caudal peduncle, in order to establish the characteristic discriminant function. The data of there kinds of fish were submitted into the characteristic discriminant function to validate. It showed that it is a little bit difficult to discriminate between L. idus and L. baicalensisis, and L. merzbacher is easy to distinguish between them. The individual discrimination accuracy(P_1, P_2) of L. idus and L. baicalensis are more than 80%,and the individual discrimination accuracy(P_1, P_2) of L. merzbacher reached more than 95%. And the comprehensive discrimination rate of no cross-validated method was 91.2% and the one of cross-validated method was 89.4%. The comprehensive discrimination rate of no cross-validated method is high and very closed to the cross-validated method. It meant that the characteristic discriminant function is credible. Three species of Leuciscus in Xinjiang are divided into two branches. The morphological variation of them is mainly reflected on the part of head and caudal peduncle. And three species of Leuciscus in Xinjiang could be discriminated by multiple regression function.
引文
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[2]Chen Y Y,Luo Y L,Cheng W,et al.Fauna Sinica-Osteichthyes-CypriniformesⅡ[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998:63-71.[陈宜瑜,罗云林,陈炜,等.中国动物志-硬骨鱼纲-鲤形目(中卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:63-71.]
[3]Dong C Z,Li H M,Mou Z B,et al.Cold Fresh-Water Fishes in China[M].Harbin:Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press,2001:90-98.[董崇智,李怀明,牟振波,等.中国淡水冷水性鱼类[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,2001:90-98.]
[4]Guo Y,Zhang R M,Cai L G.Fishes of Xinjiang[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science and Technology Press,2012:77-83.[郭焱,张人铭,蔡林钢.新疆鱼类志[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2012:77-83.]
[5]Mohaddasi M,Shabanipour N,Abdolmaleki S.Morphometric variation among four populations of Shemaya(Alburnus chalcoides)in the south of Caspian Sea using truss network[J].The Journal of Basic&Applied Zoology,2013,66(2):87-92.
[6]Kaouèche M,Bahri-Sfar L,Hammami I,et al.Morphometric variations in white seabream Diplodus sargus(Linneus,1758)populations along the Tunisian coast[J].Oceanologia,2017,59(2):129-138.
[7]Khayyami H,Movahedinia A,Zolgharnein H,et al.Morphological variability of Liza aurata(Risso,1810),along the southern Caspian Sea[J].The Journal of Basic&Applied Zoology,2014,67(3):100-107.
[8]Cadrin S X.Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stock[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2000,10(1):91-112.
[9]Li S F,Wang C H,Cheng Q Q.Morphological variations and phylogenesis of four strains in Cyprinus carpio[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2005,29(5):606-611.
[10]Bagherian A,Rahmani H.Morphological discrimination between two populations of shemaya,Chalcalburnus chalcoides(Actinopterygii,Cyprinidae),using a truss network[J].Animal Biodiversity and Conservation,2009,32(1):1-8.
[11]Chen J,Li F G,Huang C X,et al.Morphological variations of genera Parabramis and Megalobrama teleost populations[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2014,23(3):388-394.[陈杰,李福贵,黄创新,等.不同鳊鲂属鱼类群体的形态差异分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(3):388-394.]
[12]Ruiz-Campos G,Camarena-Rosales F,Varela-Romero A,et al.Morphometric variation of wild trout populations from northwestern Mexico(Pisces:Salmonidae)[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2003,13(1):91-110.
[13]Murta A G.Morphological variation of horse mackerel(Trachurus trachurus)in the Iberian and North African Atlantic:Implications for stock identification[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2000,57(4):1240-1248.
[14]НикольскийГВ.Частнаяихтиолοгия[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1958:167-169.[尼科里斯基ГВ.分门鱼类学[M].缪学祖,等译.北京:高等教育出版社,1958:167-169.]
[15]Lei D J.Isolation of micro-satellite makers for Leuciscus baicalensisis from the Ertixhe River in Xinjiang and analysis of its genetic diversity[J].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2017.[雷杜娟.额尔齐斯河贝加尔雅罗鱼微卫星标记筛选及其遗传多样性分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2017.]
[16]Wang J J.Study on karyotype and banding pattern of Leuciscus merzbacher(Zugmayer)[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University,2011.[王佳君.准噶尔雅罗鱼的核型和带型研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2011.]
[17]Wu X C.Data of Assembly Based on National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area IV[M].Beijing:China Environmental Press,2014:101-102.[吴晓春.国家级水产种质资源保护区资料汇编(第四批)[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2014:101-102.]
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[19]Romanov V I,Petlina A P,Karmanova O G,et al.Current state of ichthyofauna in river tom basin[J].ВестникТГПУ,2011,8(110):102-108.
[20]Pronina N M,Batuevaa M D,Sonduevaa L D,et al.Change in the numbers of dominating parasites as indicators of the condition of roach,Rutilus rutilus lacustris,and dace Leuciscus Leuciscus baicalensis(Pisces:Cyprinidae)populations in the transect Selenga River-River Delta-Lake Baikal[J].Aquatic Ecosystem Health&Management,2010,13(1):35-40.
[21]Skovrind M,Olsen M T,Vieira F G,et al.Genomic population structure of freshwater-resident and anadromous ide(Leuciscus idus)in north-western Europe[J].Ecology and Evolution,2016,6(4):1064-1074.
[22]Hu S F.Study on the mitochondrial genime and genetic diversity of Leuciscus baicalensisis from Ertixhe River in Xinjiang[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2014.[胡思帆.新疆额尔齐斯河贝加尔雅罗鱼线粒体基因组分析和遗传多样性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.]
[23]Han G C,Gao Y K,Feng J J,et al.Dali lake amur ide Leuciscus waleckii proliferation technique[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2015,43(6):138-139.[韩国苍,高玉奎,冯俊杰,等.达里湖瓦氏雅罗鱼增殖技术探讨[J].内蒙古农业科技,2015,43(6):138-139.]
[24]Li S F.Study on Assembly of Main Cultured Fishes in Freshwater in China[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Publishers,1998:148-152.[李思发.中国淡水主要养殖鱼类种质研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998:148-152.]
[25]Chen X W J,Guo J K,Yang Z,et al.Morphological differences among three wild populations of Sinniperca kenri sampled from Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2018,25(1):34-43.[陈薛伟杰,郭健康,杨志,等.贵州境内3个野生大眼鳜群体的形态差异[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(1):34-43.]
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