改进的特殊地质单元综合方法——以岩脉为例
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摘要
岩脉总是与矿脉密切共生,对于揭示区域地质演化过程、指导找矿工作具有重要意义,但在地质图自动综合过程中,由于岩脉出露规模较小,通常被合并处理。针对地质图综合过程中岩脉信息丢失问题,提出了地质图综合过程中基于地理事实的岩脉综合方法。首先根据连续性原则,识别潜在同源的岩脉组,再推理演绎地质过程,对岩脉进行同一性判断,对岩脉进行初步合并;其次,在开方根定律的基础上,确定相应比例尺地图的载负量及面积阈值,并根据计算结果对岩脉进行取舍;最后,简化岩脉的外部轮廓以及内部结构,避免制图比例尺变换过程中导致的岩脉与其他地质单元之间的邻近冲突问题,从而实现地质图的岩脉综合处理。试验结果与现有小比例尺地质图对比表明:所提出的岩脉自动综合方法较合理,可以在保留地层岩性特征、地质构造特征的条件下,有效避免岩脉的完整性被破坏,综合过程受人为因素的影响较小。该方法为地质图综合过程中特殊地理要素高效处理提供了一个新的思路。
Dykes are always closely coexisting with ore veins in deposit,and it is of great significance in reveling regional geological evolution process and guiding prospecting work.During the process of geological mapping and geological map synthesis,dyke is often neglected or integrated with general geological unit because of its relatively small exposure scale.In veiw of the loss question of dyke information in geological map synthesis,a generalization method of dyke based on geographical fact during the geological generalization process is put forward.Firstly,based on the continuity principle,the potential homologous dyke groups are identified,through the deduction of geological evolution process,the homologous judgement of dykes is conducted and dykes are amalgamated preliminarily.Then,based on the square root law,loading capacity and area threshold of the maps with different mapping scale are calculated,so as to determine dyke retention or abandonment.Finally,the outer shape and internal construction of dykes are simplified,so as to avoid the adjacent conflict problem between dykes and other geological units in the process of mapping scale transformation,therefore,dykes generalization process of geological map is realized.The comparison results of test and existing geological maps with small scale show that the proposed automatic dyke generalization method is more reasonable,the dyke integrity can be effectively avoided under the condition of retaining the stratigraphic lithological characteristics and geological tectonic characteristics,and the generalization process is less affected by human factors.The above study results further indicated that a new ideal for the processing of special geographical elements during the generalization process of geological maps is proposed.
Dykes are always closely coexisting with ore veins in deposit,and it is of great significance in reveling regional geological evolution process and guiding prospecting work.During the process of geological mapping and geological map synthesis,dyke is often neglected or integrated with general geological unit because of its relatively small exposure scale.In veiw of the loss question of dyke information in geological map synthesis,a generalization method of dyke based on geographical fact during the geological generalization process is put forward.Firstly,based on the continuity principle,the potential homologous dyke groups are identified,through the deduction of geological evolution process,the homologous judgement of dykes is conducted and dykes are amalgamated preliminarily.Then,based on the square root law,loading capacity and area threshold of the maps with different mapping scale are calculated,so as to determine dyke retention or abandonment.Finally,the outer shape and internal construction of dykes are simplified,so as to avoid the adjacent conflict problem between dykes and other geological units in the process of mapping scale transformation,therefore,dykes generalization process of geological map is realized.The comparison results of test and existing geological maps with small scale show that the proposed automatic dyke generalization method is more reasonable,the dyke integrity can be effectively avoided under the condition of retaining the stratigraphic lithological characteristics and geological tectonic characteristics,and the generalization process is less affected by human factors.The above study results further indicated that a new ideal for the processing of special geographical elements during the generalization process of geological maps is proposed.
引文
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[16]田广,张长青,彭惠娟,等.哀牢山长安金矿成因机制及动力学背景初探:来自LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和黄铁矿原位微量元素测定的证据[J].岩石学报,2014,30(1):125-138.Tian Guang,Zhang Changqing,Peng Huijuan,et al.Petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of the Chang'an Gold Deposit in southern Ailaoshan metallogenic belt[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(1):125-138.
[17]唐菊兴,王勤,杨超,等.青藏高原两个斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床成矿亚系列及其“缺位找矿”之实践[J].矿床地质,2014,33(6):1151-1170.Tang Juxing,Wang Qin,Yang Chao,et al.Two porphyry-epithermal deposit metallogenic subseries in Tibetan Plateau:practice of“absence prospecting”deposit metallogenic series[J].Mineral Deposits,2014,33(6):1151-1170.
[18]祝新友,王京彬,王艳丽,等.浆液过渡态流体在矽卡岩型钨矿成矿过程中的作用--以湖南柿竹园钨锡多金属矿为例[J].岩石学报,2015,31(3):891-905.Zhu Xinyou,Wang Jingbin,Wang Yanli,et al.The role of magmahydrothermal transition fluid in the skarn-type tungsten mineralization process:a case study from the Shizhuyuan tungsten and tin polymetallic ore deposite[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2015,31(3):891-905.
[19]Downs T C,Mackaness W A.An integrated approach to the generalization of geological maps[J].The Cartographic Journal,2013(2):137-152.
[20]朱永峰.中亚成矿域核心区地质演化和巨型成矿带划分[J].矿床地质,2014,33(3):471-485.Zhu Yongfeng.Geological evolution and division of giant metallogenic belts in core part of Central Asian metallogenic region[J],Mineral Deposits,2014,33(3):471-485.
[21]Pillewizer W.The principles of selection,a means of cartographic generalization[J].Cartographic Journal,1966(1):10-16.
[2]韩坤英,张庆合,丁孝忠,等.中国1:100万地质图数据库管理系统的设计与应用[J].中国地质,2010,37(4):1215-1223.Han Kunying,Zhang Qinghe,Ding Xiaozhong,et al.The design and application of the management system for 1:1 M geological map database of China[J].Geology in China,2010,37(4):1215-1223.
[3]陈克强.地质图的产生、发展和使用[J].自然杂志,2011,33(4):222-230.Chen Keqiang.Emergence,development and usage of geologic maps[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2011,33(4):222-230.
[4]Shaw J,Gutiérrez-Alonso G,Johnston S T,et al.Provenance variability along the Early Ordovician north Gondwana margin:paleogeographic and tectonic implications of U-Pb detrital zircon ages from the Armorican Quartzite of the Iberian Variscan belt[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2014,126(5-6):702-719.
[5]唐川,马国超.基于地貌单元的小区域地质灾害易发性分区方法研究[J].地理科学,2015,35(1):91-98.Tang Chuan,Ma Guochao.Small regional geohazards susceptibility mapping based on geomorphic uni[tJ].Scientia Geographica,2015,35(1):91-98.
[6]孙晓明,张开军,杨齐青,等.中国海岸带环境地质图简介[J].中国地质调查,2015,2(5):52-55.Sun Xiaoming,Zhang Kaijun,Yang Qiqing,et al.Introduction of environmental geological mapping in China coastal zone[J].Geological Survey of China,2015,2(5):52-55.
[7]罗照华,卢欣祥,王秉璋,等.造山后脉岩组合与内生成矿作用[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):1-12.Luo Zhaohua,Lu Xinxiang,Wang Bingzhang,et al.Post-orogenic dike complexes and implications for metallogenesis[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(4):1-12.
[8]李德东,王玉往,王京彬,等.岩脉的侵位机制对成矿作用的约束--以内蒙古大井锡多金属矿床为例[J].地质与勘探,2012,48(3):538-545.Li Dedong,Wang Yuwan,Wang Jingbin,et al.Constraints of dike emplacement mechanism on metallogenesis:an example from the Dajing Tin-polymetallic Deposit,Inner Mongolia[J].Geology and Exploration,2012,48(3):538-545.
[9]Scarrow J H,Leat P T,Wareham C D,et al.Geochemistry of mafic dykes in the Antarctic Peninsula continental-margin batholith:a record of arc evolution[J].Contributions to Mineralogy&Petrology,1998,131(2-3):289-305.
[10]Westerman D S,Dini A,Innocenti F,et al.When and where did hybridization occur?the case of the Monte Capanne pluton,Italy[J].Atlantic Geology,2003,39(2):147-162.
[11]Michael P,Jonathan H,Lisa T.Patterns of magma flow in segmented silicic dikes at summer Coon Volcano,Colorado:AMS and thin section analysis[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,219(1):115-169.
[12]梁涛,罗照华,李文韬,等.托云火山群的火山地质特征及其构造意义[J].新疆地质,2005,23(2):105-110.Liang Tao,Luo Zhaohua,Li Wentao,et al.Geologic features and tectonic implications of the Tuyon volcano group[J].Xinjiang Geology,2005,23(2):105-110.
[13]Ancochea E,Br?ndle J L,Huertas M J,et al.The felsic dikes of La Gomera(Canary Islands):identification of cone sheet and radial dike swarms[J].Journal of Volcanology&Geothermal Research,2003,120(3):197-206.
[14]Ressel M W.Dike-hosted ores of the beast deposit and the importance of Eocene magmatism in gold mineralization of the Carlin Trend,Nevada[J].Economic Geology,2000,96(3):666-668.
[15]付小方,袁蔺平,王登红,等.四川甲基卡矿田新三号稀有金属矿脉的成矿特征与勘查模型[J].矿床地质,2015,34(6):1172-1186.Fu Xiaofang,Yuan Linping,Wang Denghong,et al.Mineralization characteristics and prospecting model of newly discovered X03 rare metal vein in Jiajika Orefield,Sichuan[J],Mineral Deposits,2015,34(6):1172-1186.
[16]田广,张长青,彭惠娟,等.哀牢山长安金矿成因机制及动力学背景初探:来自LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和黄铁矿原位微量元素测定的证据[J].岩石学报,2014,30(1):125-138.Tian Guang,Zhang Changqing,Peng Huijuan,et al.Petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of the Chang'an Gold Deposit in southern Ailaoshan metallogenic belt[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(1):125-138.
[17]唐菊兴,王勤,杨超,等.青藏高原两个斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床成矿亚系列及其“缺位找矿”之实践[J].矿床地质,2014,33(6):1151-1170.Tang Juxing,Wang Qin,Yang Chao,et al.Two porphyry-epithermal deposit metallogenic subseries in Tibetan Plateau:practice of“absence prospecting”deposit metallogenic series[J].Mineral Deposits,2014,33(6):1151-1170.
[18]祝新友,王京彬,王艳丽,等.浆液过渡态流体在矽卡岩型钨矿成矿过程中的作用--以湖南柿竹园钨锡多金属矿为例[J].岩石学报,2015,31(3):891-905.Zhu Xinyou,Wang Jingbin,Wang Yanli,et al.The role of magmahydrothermal transition fluid in the skarn-type tungsten mineralization process:a case study from the Shizhuyuan tungsten and tin polymetallic ore deposite[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2015,31(3):891-905.
[19]Downs T C,Mackaness W A.An integrated approach to the generalization of geological maps[J].The Cartographic Journal,2013(2):137-152.
[20]朱永峰.中亚成矿域核心区地质演化和巨型成矿带划分[J].矿床地质,2014,33(3):471-485.Zhu Yongfeng.Geological evolution and division of giant metallogenic belts in core part of Central Asian metallogenic region[J],Mineral Deposits,2014,33(3):471-485.
[21]Pillewizer W.The principles of selection,a means of cartographic generalization[J].Cartographic Journal,1966(1):10-16.