新薛河上游溪流典型生境底栖动物群落结构比较研究
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摘要
群落时空格局研究是后续深入开展相关研究的基础。基于2012年山东省新薛河底栖动物调查数据,就新薛河上游典型溪流生境底栖动物群落结构进行了比较研究。结果表明:共采集底栖动物108种,隶属10纲,74属;短脉纹石蛾(Cheumatopsyche sp.)、长钝直突摇蚊(Orthocaldius vaillanti)、拟长跗摇蚊属一种(Paratanytarsus sp.E)、Neozarelia sp.为研究区域优势类群,相对丰度分别为25.1%、9.8%、9.0%、8.6%。各河段优势物种组成、密度、生物量、生物多样性均存在显著差异。非度量多维标度排序和多响应置换过程分析从群落层面验证了不同河段群落结构的差异;且发现,流量越小,群落分化越明显。通过指示物种和双向聚类分析,进一步明确了物种组成对群落结构的影响。总之,不同生境底栖动物物种组成和群落结构存在较大差异,栖境多样性对生物多样性的维持和保护具有重要意义。
Understanding community spatio-temporal variability is the basis for further research(such as trait,functional diversity,and so on). Most studies to date have focused on the relationship between community structure and environmental factors,and species composition has been only rarely reported. In the present study,macroinvertebrate community structure was compared among typical stream habitats in the upper Newxue River in the year 2012(April,October,and December).The main results were as follows: a total of 108 macroinvertebrates taxa belonging to 74 genera and 10 Classes were recorded; Cheumatopsyche sp.,Orthocladius vaillanti,Paratanytarsus sp. E,and Neozarelia sp. were the dominant taxa,with relative abundances of 25.1%,9.8%,9.0%,and 8.6%,respectively. Dominant taxon composition,density,biomass,ratio of biomass and density,and biodiversity indices(richness,Shannon index,and evenness index) were significantly different among different reaches. Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMS) and multiple response permutation procedure(MRPP) showed that community structure was significantly different among the reaches,and this difference increased with decrease in flow rate. Indicator species analysis and two-way cluster analysis were used to explain the reasons for differences in community structure at the species level. The protection of habitat diversity is thus of great significance for the protection and improvement of biodiversity in the study area.
Understanding community spatio-temporal variability is the basis for further research(such as trait,functional diversity,and so on). Most studies to date have focused on the relationship between community structure and environmental factors,and species composition has been only rarely reported. In the present study,macroinvertebrate community structure was compared among typical stream habitats in the upper Newxue River in the year 2012(April,October,and December).The main results were as follows: a total of 108 macroinvertebrates taxa belonging to 74 genera and 10 Classes were recorded; Cheumatopsyche sp.,Orthocladius vaillanti,Paratanytarsus sp. E,and Neozarelia sp. were the dominant taxa,with relative abundances of 25.1%,9.8%,9.0%,and 8.6%,respectively. Dominant taxon composition,density,biomass,ratio of biomass and density,and biodiversity indices(richness,Shannon index,and evenness index) were significantly different among different reaches. Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMS) and multiple response permutation procedure(MRPP) showed that community structure was significantly different among the reaches,and this difference increased with decrease in flow rate. Indicator species analysis and two-way cluster analysis were used to explain the reasons for differences in community structure at the species level. The protection of habitat diversity is thus of great significance for the protection and improvement of biodiversity in the study area.
引文
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[13]谢志才,马凯,叶麟,陈静,蔡庆华.保安湖大型底栖动物结构与分布格局研究.水生生物学报,2007,31(2):174-183.
[14]Smith R E W,Pearson R G.The macro-invertebrate communities of temporary pools in an intermittent stream in tropical Queensland.Hydrobiologia,1987,150(1):45-61.
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[16]Buss D F,Baptista D F,Silveira M P,Nessimian J L,DorvilléL F M.Influence of water chemistry and environmental degradation on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a river basin in south-east Brazil.Hydrobiologia,2002,481(1/3):125-136.
[17]Bott T L,Brock J T,Dunn C S,Naiman R J,Ovink R W,Petersen R C.Benthic community metabolism in four temperate stream systems:an inter-biome comparison and evaluation of the river continuum concept.Hydrobiologia,1985,123(1):3-45.
[18]Merz J E,Chan L K O.Effects of gravel augmentation on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a regulated California River.River Research and Applications,2005,21(1):61-74.
[19]Nelson S M,Lieberman D M.The influence of flow and other environmental factors on benthic invertebrates in the Sacramento River,U.S.A.Hydrobiologia,2002,489(1/3):117-129.
[20]Vought L,Kullberg A,Petersen R C.Effect of riparian structure,temperature and channel morphometry on detritus processing in channelized and natural woodland streams in southern Sweden.Aquatic Conservation,1998,8(2):273-285.
[21]Jiang X M,Xiong J,Qiu J W,Wu J M,Wang J W,Xie Z C.Structure of macroinvertebrate communities in relation to environmental variables in a subtropical Asian river system.International Review of Hydrobiology,2010,95(1):42-57.
[22]Shannon C E.A mathematical theory of communication.The Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27(3):379-423.
[23]姜永伟.浑河抚顺段底栖动物(1987—2015)群落结构及水质评价.环境科学与技术,2017,40(3):167-171.
[24]张鹏弛,徐勇,李新正,王洪法,张宝琳,帅莲梅,安建梅.南黄海冷水中心内外夏季大型底栖动物群落分析.海洋与湖沼,2017,48(2):312-326.
[25]孔凡青,孙康,周绪申.基于3个生物评价指数的滦河上游水质评价研究.环境科学与管理,2017,42(4):182-184.
[26]曹然,黎征武,毛建忠,盛萧,王旭涛,邓培雁.北江大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构及水质的生物评价.水资源保护,2017,33(4):80-87.
[27]蒋万祥,唐涛,贾兴焕,吴乃成,段树桂,黎道丰,蔡庆华.硫铁矿酸性矿山废水对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响.生态学报,2008,28(10):4805-4814.
[2]Lowe W H,Likens G E.Moving headwater streams to the head of the class.Bioscience,2005,55(3):196-197.
[3]Gomi T,Sidle R C,Richardson J S.Understanding processes and downstream linkages of headwater systems:headwaters differ from downstream reaches by their close coupling to hillslope processes,more temporal and spatial variation,and their need for different means of protection from land use.Bio Science,2002,52(10):905-916.
[4]Binckley C A,Wipfli M S,Medhurst R B,Polivka K,Hessburg P,Salter R B,Kill J Y.Ecoregion and land-use influence invertebrate and detritus transport from headwater streams.Freshwater Biology,2010,55(6):1205-1218.
[5]Meyer J L,Strayer D L,Wallace J B,Eggert S L,Helfman G S,Leonard N E.The contribution of headwater streams to biodiversity in river networks.JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2007,43(1):86-103.
[6]Odountan H,Abou Y.Structure and composition of macroinvertebrates during flood period of the Nokoue Lake,Benin.Open Journal of Ecology,2016,6(2):63003.
[7]蒋万祥,贾兴焕,周淑婵,李凤清,唐涛,蔡庆华.香溪河大型底栖动物群落结构季节动态.应用生态学报,2009,20(4):923-928.
[8]Epler J H.Identification Manual for the Larval Chironomidae(Diptera)of North and South Carolina.EPA Grant#X984170-97.America:EPA,2001:1-500.
[9]Morse J C,Yang L F,Tian L X.Aquatic Insects of China Useful for Monitoring Water Quality.Nanjing:Hohai University Press,1994:1-568.
[10]Brinkhurst R O.Guide to the freshwater aquatic microdrile Oligochaetes of North America.Freshwater Science,1987,6(1):1-259.
[11]刘月英.中国经济动物志:淡水软体动物.北京:科学出版社,1979:1-134.
[12]张又,程龙,尹洪斌,高俊峰,张志明,蔡永久.巢湖流域不同水系大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因素.湖泊科学,2017,29(1):200-215.
[13]谢志才,马凯,叶麟,陈静,蔡庆华.保安湖大型底栖动物结构与分布格局研究.水生生物学报,2007,31(2):174-183.
[14]Smith R E W,Pearson R G.The macro-invertebrate communities of temporary pools in an intermittent stream in tropical Queensland.Hydrobiologia,1987,150(1):45-61.
[15]Bêche L A,Mcelravy E P,Resh V H.Long-term seasonal variation in the biological traits of benthic-macroinvertebrates in two Mediterraneanclimate streams in California,U.S.A.Freshwater Biology,2006,51(1):56-75.
[16]Buss D F,Baptista D F,Silveira M P,Nessimian J L,DorvilléL F M.Influence of water chemistry and environmental degradation on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a river basin in south-east Brazil.Hydrobiologia,2002,481(1/3):125-136.
[17]Bott T L,Brock J T,Dunn C S,Naiman R J,Ovink R W,Petersen R C.Benthic community metabolism in four temperate stream systems:an inter-biome comparison and evaluation of the river continuum concept.Hydrobiologia,1985,123(1):3-45.
[18]Merz J E,Chan L K O.Effects of gravel augmentation on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a regulated California River.River Research and Applications,2005,21(1):61-74.
[19]Nelson S M,Lieberman D M.The influence of flow and other environmental factors on benthic invertebrates in the Sacramento River,U.S.A.Hydrobiologia,2002,489(1/3):117-129.
[20]Vought L,Kullberg A,Petersen R C.Effect of riparian structure,temperature and channel morphometry on detritus processing in channelized and natural woodland streams in southern Sweden.Aquatic Conservation,1998,8(2):273-285.
[21]Jiang X M,Xiong J,Qiu J W,Wu J M,Wang J W,Xie Z C.Structure of macroinvertebrate communities in relation to environmental variables in a subtropical Asian river system.International Review of Hydrobiology,2010,95(1):42-57.
[22]Shannon C E.A mathematical theory of communication.The Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27(3):379-423.
[23]姜永伟.浑河抚顺段底栖动物(1987—2015)群落结构及水质评价.环境科学与技术,2017,40(3):167-171.
[24]张鹏弛,徐勇,李新正,王洪法,张宝琳,帅莲梅,安建梅.南黄海冷水中心内外夏季大型底栖动物群落分析.海洋与湖沼,2017,48(2):312-326.
[25]孔凡青,孙康,周绪申.基于3个生物评价指数的滦河上游水质评价研究.环境科学与管理,2017,42(4):182-184.
[26]曹然,黎征武,毛建忠,盛萧,王旭涛,邓培雁.北江大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构及水质的生物评价.水资源保护,2017,33(4):80-87.
[27]蒋万祥,唐涛,贾兴焕,吴乃成,段树桂,黎道丰,蔡庆华.硫铁矿酸性矿山废水对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响.生态学报,2008,28(10):4805-4814.
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