西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带主碰撞期成矿作用:荣嘎钼矿岩石地球化学及同位素年龄的证据
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摘要
荣嘎钼矿是新近在班公湖-怒江成矿带发现并证实的首例斑岩型钼矿床。为了查明班公湖-怒江成矿带主碰撞期的成岩成矿作用,探讨荣嘎钼矿的富Mo机制,对该矿床进行岩石地球化学以及同位素年代学的研究。本次研究获得荣嘎含矿二长花岗斑岩的锆石SHRIMP206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为99. 8±1. 9Ma (MSWD=2. 0),属晚白垩世早期。7件辉钼矿样品的模式年龄较为一致,介于98. 0±1. 6Ma～101. 8±1. 7Ma之间,加权平均年龄为99. 7±1. 1Ma。荣嘎含矿二长花岗斑岩样品主量元素表现为富硅(SiO_2=72. 83%～75. 49%)、富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=8. 12%～8. 55%)、过铝质(A/CNK=1. 08～1. 13)的高钾钙碱性系列岩石。样品明显富集Rb、K、Th、U等元素,中等亏损Nb、Ta,强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等元素,具中等程度的负Eu异常(δEu=0. 53～0. 63),稀土元素配分曲线呈轻稀土相对较陡,重稀土较为平坦的右倾型。荣嘎含矿二长花岗斑岩样品的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i值为0. 7042～0. 7055,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于0. 03～0. 68之间,锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值介于+12. 4～+17. 9之间,两阶段模式年龄t_(DM2)较为年轻(31～314Ma)。基于以上同位素以及岩石地球化学特征研究,荣嘎含矿二长花岗斑岩很可能是幔源岩浆诱发了富Mo洋底沉积物的熔融并与壳源熔体混合形成母岩浆,再经历结晶分异作用而形成。结合本文以及区域上的研究资料,荣嘎钼矿可能形成于拉萨地块与南羌塘地块碰撞的大地构造背景,富Mo大洋沉积物熔体的加入及随后的结晶分异是荣嘎含矿岩浆中金属Mo富集的主要原因。班公湖-怒江成矿带南缘侏罗-白垩纪海相地层分布的地区,可能为勘查钼矿床的有利靶区,应重点评价晚白垩世早期高分异中酸性岩体的含矿性。
Rongga deposit is the first porphyry molybdenum deposit to be newly discovered in Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt,Tibet. For the purpose to find out the main collisional magmatism and related mineralization of Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt,we do geochronological,geochemical and isotopic study on Rongga deposit. In this paper,SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating yields a weighted mean age of 99. 8 ± 1. 9 Ma( MSWD = 2. 0),belonging to early Late Cretaceous. Seven molybdenite samples of Rongga mining area yield a weighted model age of 98. 0 ± 1. 6 Ma ～ 101. 8 ± 1. 7 Ma with a mean of 99. 7 ± 1. 1 Ma. Rongga ore-bearing monzonitic granite porphyry is rich in SiO_2( 72. 83% ～ 75. 49%) and alkaline elements( 8. 12% ～ 8. 55%),belonging to the high-K calc-alkaline series. It is strongly enriched in Rb,K,Th,U,and are moderately depleted in Nb,Ta,and are strongly depleted in Ba,Sr,P,Ti,also has moderately negative Eu anomalies( δEu = 0. 53 ～ 0. 63). Chondrite-normalized REE patterns show light REEs enrichment,heavy REEs depletion. The zircon εHf( t) values are mainly positive( + 12. 4 ～ + 17. 9),and the model ages( t_(DM2)) range from 31 Ma to 314 Ma. The ore-bearing monzonitic granite porphyry yielded whole-rock ε_(Nd)( t) of + 0. 03 ～ + 0. 68 and(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)iof 0. 7042 ～0. 7055. Based on integrated isotopic and geochemical data,we infer that the ore-bearing monzonitic granite porphyry formed mantlederived magma mixed with the Mo-rich oceanic sedimentary melting. Based on the above data,combined with the regional geological background,Rongga molybdenum deposit formed in a main collisional tectonic regime. The porphyry molybdenum deposit is also a key type of mineral prospecting in the southern margin of the Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt in addition to skarn Cu-Au deposit. The exploration targeting of the molybdenum deposits should be focused on the margin of the Shiquanhe back-arc basin where the JurassicCretaceous marine strata occur,the ore-bearing properties of the highly differentiated medium-acidic intrusion in the Early Cretaceous should be evaluated.
Rongga deposit is the first porphyry molybdenum deposit to be newly discovered in Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt,Tibet. For the purpose to find out the main collisional magmatism and related mineralization of Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt,we do geochronological,geochemical and isotopic study on Rongga deposit. In this paper,SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating yields a weighted mean age of 99. 8 ± 1. 9 Ma( MSWD = 2. 0),belonging to early Late Cretaceous. Seven molybdenite samples of Rongga mining area yield a weighted model age of 98. 0 ± 1. 6 Ma ～ 101. 8 ± 1. 7 Ma with a mean of 99. 7 ± 1. 1 Ma. Rongga ore-bearing monzonitic granite porphyry is rich in SiO_2( 72. 83% ～ 75. 49%) and alkaline elements( 8. 12% ～ 8. 55%),belonging to the high-K calc-alkaline series. It is strongly enriched in Rb,K,Th,U,and are moderately depleted in Nb,Ta,and are strongly depleted in Ba,Sr,P,Ti,also has moderately negative Eu anomalies( δEu = 0. 53 ～ 0. 63). Chondrite-normalized REE patterns show light REEs enrichment,heavy REEs depletion. The zircon εHf( t) values are mainly positive( + 12. 4 ～ + 17. 9),and the model ages( t_(DM2)) range from 31 Ma to 314 Ma. The ore-bearing monzonitic granite porphyry yielded whole-rock ε_(Nd)( t) of + 0. 03 ～ + 0. 68 and(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)iof 0. 7042 ～0. 7055. Based on integrated isotopic and geochemical data,we infer that the ore-bearing monzonitic granite porphyry formed mantlederived magma mixed with the Mo-rich oceanic sedimentary melting. Based on the above data,combined with the regional geological background,Rongga molybdenum deposit formed in a main collisional tectonic regime. The porphyry molybdenum deposit is also a key type of mineral prospecting in the southern margin of the Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt in addition to skarn Cu-Au deposit. The exploration targeting of the molybdenum deposits should be focused on the margin of the Shiquanhe back-arc basin where the JurassicCretaceous marine strata occur,the ore-bearing properties of the highly differentiated medium-acidic intrusion in the Early Cretaceous should be evaluated.
引文
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