售电侧放开环境下含需求响应虚拟电厂的电力市场竞价策略
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摘要
售电侧市场放开是我国新一轮电力体制改革的重点任务之一。文章考虑售电侧放开对需求侧资源参与电力市场的影响,提出了售电侧放开环境下计及需求响应的虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)竞价策略,建立了含虚拟电厂的电力市场竞价模型,在对虚拟电厂内部进行优化调度的基础上采用自适应学习方法对竞价模型进行求解,并以社会效益最大化为目标进行市场出清,最后选取算例对竞价策略的有效性进行验证。结论表明,售电侧放开环境下发电商与售电商的经济性有所提高且市场整体的用电需求得到调整,同时售电侧放开有利于需求侧资源参与市场竞争。
The opening of the retail market is one of the key tasks of the power system reform in China. In this paper,under retail power market deregulation,we consider the influence on demand-side resource participating in electric market,propose a bidding strategy of virtual power plant considering demand response,and set up a bidding model for the whole market including virtual power plant (VPP). On the basis of the optimization of the virtual power plant,we use the adaptive learning method to solve the model,and clear the market with the goal of maximizing the social benefit. Finally,an example is selected to verify the validity of the bidding strategy,and the results showthat the economy of the generation companies and retailing suppliers is improved and the demand for electricity in the whole market is adjusted. What's more,retail power market deregulation is benefit to demand-side resources participating in market competition.
The opening of the retail market is one of the key tasks of the power system reform in China. In this paper,under retail power market deregulation,we consider the influence on demand-side resource participating in electric market,propose a bidding strategy of virtual power plant considering demand response,and set up a bidding model for the whole market including virtual power plant (VPP). On the basis of the optimization of the virtual power plant,we use the adaptive learning method to solve the model,and clear the market with the goal of maximizing the social benefit. Finally,an example is selected to verify the validity of the bidding strategy,and the results showthat the economy of the generation companies and retailing suppliers is improved and the demand for electricity in the whole market is adjusted. What's more,retail power market deregulation is benefit to demand-side resources participating in market competition.
引文
[1]石帮松,张靖,李博文,等.多类型售电公司共存下竞价售电的市场均衡研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(5):62-67.SHI Bangsong,ZHANG Jing,LI Bow en,et al.M arket equilibrium study on multiple types of electric pow er retailers bidding[J].Pow er System Protection and Control,2018,46(5):62-67.
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[7]夏榆杭,刘俊勇,冯超,等.计及需求响应的虚拟发电厂优化调度模型[J].电网技术,2016,40(6):1666-1674.XIA Yuhang,LIU Junyong,FENG Chao,et al.Optimal scheduling model of virtual pow er plant considering demand response[J].Pow er System Technology,2016,40(6):1666-1674.
[8]张颖,容展鹏,张宇雄,等.基于微电网的电网需求响应研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(21):20-26.ZHANG Ying,RONG Zhanpeng,ZHANG Yuxiong,et al.Study of grid demand response based on micro grid[J].Pow er System Protection and Control,2015,43(21):20-26.
[9]郑宇,李杨,焦丰顺,等.含风电机组与电转气设备的虚拟电厂竞价策略[J].电力建设,2017,38(7):88-95.ZHENG Yu,LI Yang,JIAO Fengshun,et al.Bidding strategies for virtual pow er plants including w ind pow er generation units and pow er-to-gas facilities[J].Electric Pow er Construction,2017,38(7):88-95.
[10]艾欣,周树鹏,赵阅群.含虚拟发电厂的电力系统优化运行与竞价策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(23):6351-6362.AI Xin,ZHOU Shupeng,ZHAO Yuequn.Research on optimal operation and bidding strategy of pow er system w ith virtual pow er plants[J].Proceedings of the CESS,2016,36(23):6351-6362.
[11]方燕琼,甘霖,艾芊,等.基于主从博弈的虚拟电厂双层竞标策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):61-69.FANG Yanqiong,GAN Lin,AI Qian,et al.Stackelberk game based bi-level bidding strategy for virtual pow er plant[J].Automation of Electric Pow er System,2017,41(14):61-69.
[12]范先国.售电侧市场放开后的电价管理策略[J].中国电力企业管理,2014(17):71.FAN Xianguo.Electricity price management in an open retail market[J].China Power Enterprise Management,2014(17):71.
[13]赵岩,李博嵩,蒋传文.售电侧开放条件下我国需求侧资源参与电力市场的运营机制建议[J].电力建设,2016,37(3):112-116.ZHAO Yan,LI Bosong,JIANG Chuanw en.Operation mechanism suggestions of demand-side resources in electricity market under retail pow er market deregulation in China[J].Electric Pow er Construction,2016,37(3):112-116.
[14]周亦洲,孙国强,黄文进,等.计及电动汽车和需求响应的多类电力市场下虚拟电厂竞标模型[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):1759-1766.ZHOU Yizhou,SUN Guoqiang,HUANG Wenjin,et al.Strategic bidding model for virtual pow er plant in different electricity markets considering electric vehicles and demand response[J].Pow er System Technology,2017,41(6):1759-1766.
[15]郭红霞,白浩,刘磊,等.统一电能交易市场下的虚拟电厂优化调度模型[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(23):136-145.GUO Hongxia,BAI Hao,LIU Lei,et al.Optimal scheduling model of virtual pow er plant in a unified electricity trading market[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(23):136-145.
[16]牛文娟,李扬,王蓓蓓.考虑不确定性的需求响应虚拟电厂建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3630-3637.NIU Wenjuan,LI Yang,WANG Beibei.Demand response based virtual pow er plant modeling considering uncertainty[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3630-3637.
[17]赵书强,王扬,徐岩,等.基于机会约束目标规划的高风电接入比例下大规模储能与火电协调调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(4):969-977.ZHAO Shuqiang,WANG Yang,XU Yan,et al.Coordinated dispatch of large scale energy storage system and thermal generation in high w ind pow er penetration level system based on chance constrained goal programming[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(4):969-977.
[18]娄素华,杨天蒙,吴耀武,等.含高渗透率风电的电力系统复合储能协调优化运行[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):30-35.LOU Suhua,YANG Tianmeng,WU Yaow u,et al.Coordinated optimal operation of hybrid energy storage in pow er system accommodated high penetration of w ind pow er[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2016,40(7):30-35.
[19]SHIVAIE M,AMELI M T.An environmental/techno-economic approach for bidding strategy in security-constrained electricity markets by a bi-level harmony search algorithm[J].Renew able Energy,2015,83:881-896.
[20]WU J,GUAN X,GAO F,et al.Social welfare maximization auction for electricity markets w ith elastic demand[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Intelligent Control and Automation.Chongqing,China:IEEE,2008:7157-7162.
[21]葛晓琳,张粒子.考虑调峰约束的风水火随机机组组合问题[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(10):222-230.GE Xiaolin,ZHANG Lizi.Wind-hydro-thermal stochastic unit commitment problem considering the peak regulation constraints[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(10):222-230.
[22]赵会茹,赵名锐,王玉玮.售电侧开放下日前电力市场动态博弈模型[J].电力建设,2017,38(4):144-152.ZHAO Huiru,ZHAO M ingrui,WANG Yuw ei.Day-ahead electric pow er market dynamic game model based on sale-side opening up[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(4):144-152.
[2]宋巍,王佳伟,赵海波,等.考虑需求响应交易市场的虚拟电厂多阶段竞价策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(19):35-45.SONG Wei,WANG Jiaw ei,ZHAO Haibo,et al.Research on multi-stage bidding strategy of virtual pow er plant considering demand response markst[J].Pow er System Protection and Control,2017,45(19):35-45.
[3]白杨,李昂,夏清.新形势下电力市场营销模式与新型电价体系[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(5):10-16.BAI Yang,LI Ang,XIA Qing.Electricity business marketing modes in the new environment and new electricity pricing systems[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(5):10-16.
[4]张晓萱,薛松,杨素,等.售电侧市场放开国际经验及其启示[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(9):1-8.ZHANG Xiaoxuan,XUE Song,YANG Su,et al.International experience and lessons in pow er sales market liberalization[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2016,40(9):1-8.
[5]艾芊,郝然.多能互补、集成优化能源系统关键技术及挑战[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(4):2-10.AI Qian,HAO Ran.Key technologies and challenges for multienergy complementarity and optimization of integrated energy system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(4):2-10.
[6]卫志农,余爽,孙国强,等.虚拟电厂的概念与发展[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(13):1-9.WEI Zhinong,YU Shuang,SUN Guoqiang,et al.Concept and development of virtual pow er plant[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2013,37(13):1-9.
[7]夏榆杭,刘俊勇,冯超,等.计及需求响应的虚拟发电厂优化调度模型[J].电网技术,2016,40(6):1666-1674.XIA Yuhang,LIU Junyong,FENG Chao,et al.Optimal scheduling model of virtual pow er plant considering demand response[J].Pow er System Technology,2016,40(6):1666-1674.
[8]张颖,容展鹏,张宇雄,等.基于微电网的电网需求响应研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(21):20-26.ZHANG Ying,RONG Zhanpeng,ZHANG Yuxiong,et al.Study of grid demand response based on micro grid[J].Pow er System Protection and Control,2015,43(21):20-26.
[9]郑宇,李杨,焦丰顺,等.含风电机组与电转气设备的虚拟电厂竞价策略[J].电力建设,2017,38(7):88-95.ZHENG Yu,LI Yang,JIAO Fengshun,et al.Bidding strategies for virtual pow er plants including w ind pow er generation units and pow er-to-gas facilities[J].Electric Pow er Construction,2017,38(7):88-95.
[10]艾欣,周树鹏,赵阅群.含虚拟发电厂的电力系统优化运行与竞价策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(23):6351-6362.AI Xin,ZHOU Shupeng,ZHAO Yuequn.Research on optimal operation and bidding strategy of pow er system w ith virtual pow er plants[J].Proceedings of the CESS,2016,36(23):6351-6362.
[11]方燕琼,甘霖,艾芊,等.基于主从博弈的虚拟电厂双层竞标策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):61-69.FANG Yanqiong,GAN Lin,AI Qian,et al.Stackelberk game based bi-level bidding strategy for virtual pow er plant[J].Automation of Electric Pow er System,2017,41(14):61-69.
[12]范先国.售电侧市场放开后的电价管理策略[J].中国电力企业管理,2014(17):71.FAN Xianguo.Electricity price management in an open retail market[J].China Power Enterprise Management,2014(17):71.
[13]赵岩,李博嵩,蒋传文.售电侧开放条件下我国需求侧资源参与电力市场的运营机制建议[J].电力建设,2016,37(3):112-116.ZHAO Yan,LI Bosong,JIANG Chuanw en.Operation mechanism suggestions of demand-side resources in electricity market under retail pow er market deregulation in China[J].Electric Pow er Construction,2016,37(3):112-116.
[14]周亦洲,孙国强,黄文进,等.计及电动汽车和需求响应的多类电力市场下虚拟电厂竞标模型[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):1759-1766.ZHOU Yizhou,SUN Guoqiang,HUANG Wenjin,et al.Strategic bidding model for virtual pow er plant in different electricity markets considering electric vehicles and demand response[J].Pow er System Technology,2017,41(6):1759-1766.
[15]郭红霞,白浩,刘磊,等.统一电能交易市场下的虚拟电厂优化调度模型[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(23):136-145.GUO Hongxia,BAI Hao,LIU Lei,et al.Optimal scheduling model of virtual pow er plant in a unified electricity trading market[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(23):136-145.
[16]牛文娟,李扬,王蓓蓓.考虑不确定性的需求响应虚拟电厂建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3630-3637.NIU Wenjuan,LI Yang,WANG Beibei.Demand response based virtual pow er plant modeling considering uncertainty[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3630-3637.
[17]赵书强,王扬,徐岩,等.基于机会约束目标规划的高风电接入比例下大规模储能与火电协调调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(4):969-977.ZHAO Shuqiang,WANG Yang,XU Yan,et al.Coordinated dispatch of large scale energy storage system and thermal generation in high w ind pow er penetration level system based on chance constrained goal programming[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(4):969-977.
[18]娄素华,杨天蒙,吴耀武,等.含高渗透率风电的电力系统复合储能协调优化运行[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):30-35.LOU Suhua,YANG Tianmeng,WU Yaow u,et al.Coordinated optimal operation of hybrid energy storage in pow er system accommodated high penetration of w ind pow er[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2016,40(7):30-35.
[19]SHIVAIE M,AMELI M T.An environmental/techno-economic approach for bidding strategy in security-constrained electricity markets by a bi-level harmony search algorithm[J].Renew able Energy,2015,83:881-896.
[20]WU J,GUAN X,GAO F,et al.Social welfare maximization auction for electricity markets w ith elastic demand[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Intelligent Control and Automation.Chongqing,China:IEEE,2008:7157-7162.
[21]葛晓琳,张粒子.考虑调峰约束的风水火随机机组组合问题[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(10):222-230.GE Xiaolin,ZHANG Lizi.Wind-hydro-thermal stochastic unit commitment problem considering the peak regulation constraints[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(10):222-230.
[22]赵会茹,赵名锐,王玉玮.售电侧开放下日前电力市场动态博弈模型[J].电力建设,2017,38(4):144-152.ZHAO Huiru,ZHAO M ingrui,WANG Yuw ei.Day-ahead electric pow er market dynamic game model based on sale-side opening up[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(4):144-152.